德國公司
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 German companies 德國公司 An unhappy business 不幸的商業(yè) The new government s reforms worry Germanbosses 新政府改革使德國企業(yè)的老板們擔心不已 FOR German businesses, the elections were bad enough. 對于德國的商業(yè)來說，這次的選舉真的糟糕透了。 In September voters denied thebusiness-friendly, small-government Free Democrats the 5% of the vote required to stayboth in parliament and in the centre-right coalition government. 九月份投票者拒絕了對商業(yè)友好、小政府型的需要5%投票繼續(xù)在過會和右翼聯(lián)盟中待下去的自由民主黨員們。 The election result has led to a grand coalition between Angela Merkel s ChristianDemocratic Union, its Bavarian sister-party, the Christian Social Union, and the leftish SocialDemocrats. 這個選舉結果引發(fā)了默克爾的基督民主聯(lián)盟及它的巴伐利亞姐妹黨，基督社會聯(lián)盟和左傾的社會民主黨的大聯(lián)盟。 Though the SPD finished well behind the CDU-CSU, their coalition agreement, signed at theend of November, looks to many like a wishlist for the left. 盡管跟社會民主黨的聯(lián)合結束遠遠在CDU-CSU后面，他們的聯(lián)合協(xié)議，11月末尾簽字，看上去更像一個左派的愿望單。 Business and financial leaders are barely bothering to conceal their disappointment at anew national minimum wage, increased pension payments, lower retirement ages for someworkers and new pension entitlements for some stay-at-home mothers. 商業(yè)和金融領導者們幾乎不費勁去隱藏他們對新的全國最低工資、增加了的退休金、對某些工人更低的退休年齡和對一些在家母親生活津貼權益的失望之情。 The head of the Federation of German Industry, Ulrich Grillo, called it a wasted chance thatwould submit the German economy to new stress tests. 德國工業(yè)聯(lián)合會首領，Ulrich Grillo，稱之為可能會導致德國經濟面臨一個新的嚴峻考驗的機會浪費。 The Cologne Institute for Economic Research has compared the agreement to a chequewithout the funds to cover it. 科隆經濟研究所將這個協(xié)議比作為一個沒有資金擔保的支票。 Company bosses are more circumspect than leaders of industry bodies about criticising MrsMerkel publicly. But they too are wary. 公司老板們比工業(yè)團體領導人們在公開批評默克爾女士上更加的謹慎。但是他們太小心翼翼了。 One German chief executive complains that the chancellor ignored structural reform whenshe had a business-friendly partner in the Free Democrats, and frets that she can hardly beexpected to find new courage with the SPD. 一個德國首席執(zhí)行官抱怨道當她在自由民主黨人中有一個對商業(yè)友好的伙伴，總理可能會忽略結構性改革，并且他擔心道可能很難期待她在SPD的伴隨下找到新的勇氣。 A lobbyist for another big company says that with the Free Democrats you didn t need aninterpreter to explain industry s concerns to the government, but now he fears he will. 另一家大公司的一個游說者說道有德國自由民主黨人的話你不需要一個翻譯者去解釋政府的工業(yè)關注點，但是現在他擔心他需要了。 He grumbles that Mrs Merkel understands the importance of a free economy but does notactually understand what it means. 他抱怨道默克爾女士明白一個自由經濟的重要性但是她可能并未真正懂它的含義。 He even praises Gerhard Schr?der, Mrs Merkel s predecessor and a Social Democrat. 他甚至贊賞格哈德施羅德，默克爾女士的前任和一個社會民主黨人。 Mr Schrder would listen, ask questions, and then say I can do this; I can t do that. 施羅德會聽、問問題然后接著說我可以做這個;我不能做那個。 Mrs Merkel does listen carefullybut then keeps her own counsel. 默克爾女士確實聽得很認真但是接著保持她自己的想法。 The CDU-CSU has kept one promise: the coalition treaty pledges not to raise taxes, whichthe parties of the left all favour. CDU-CSU聯(lián)盟保證一個承諾：聯(lián)盟條約保證稅收不增加，這也是左派全都支持的。 Growth-friendly spending, such as on infrastructure and research, will increase. 對增長有利的政府花銷，如基礎設施建設和研究，會增長。 But Deutsche Bank estimates that social spending will rise by three times as much. 但是荷蘭銀行估計社會花費會增長三倍之多。 Businesses are far less happy about changes that will affect the labour market. 商業(yè)會更不樂于見到會影響勞動力市場的變化。 Germany s best-performing, export-oriented companies will be little affected by theminimum wage, as they employ few low-skilled workers. 德國業(yè)績做的最好的，出口導向的公司幾乎不會被最低工資影響，由于他們雇傭很少的技術不高的工人。 But the ability to employ workers on short-term contracts will be curtailed. 但是他們用短期合同雇傭工人的能力被剝奪了。 Some firms have been criticised for abusing such methods as a way of keeping workers frombenefits that full-time employees would receive. 一些公司曾經批評濫用這些方法作為一種剝奪工人們享有全職雇員能夠享受到利益的方式。 But now a tool that has made the labour market more flexible, and helped to bringunemployment down, will be made harder to use. 但是現在一個工具，可以使勞動力市場更加的靈活并且?guī)椭档褪I(yè)率，會更難使用。 Energy policy is a particularly sore point. 能源政策更是一個痛處。 Germany s renewable-energy law has boosted green sources through guaranteed high pricesfor renewable power, preferred access for renewables to the grid and easier financing, froma tax on electricity bills. 德國的可再生能源法通過保證可再生能源的高價、對可再生能源管道網絡更優(yōu)先的許可和更容易的來自電力稅的融資來促進綠色來源。 German industrial electricity prices are among the highest in Europe. 德國工業(yè)用電價格屬于歐洲最高行列。 Power-hungry industries get partial relief from the tax that finances renewable subsidies;but they complain nonetheless, of a lack of long-term clarity in energy policy. 能源密集型工業(yè)通過提供可再生能源補貼稅減輕部分負擔;雖然如此但是他們仍然抱怨能源政策缺乏長期確定性。 Firms are voting with their euros. 公司們用他們的歐元投票。 The value of fixed capital in energy-intensive industries has declined over the past decade. 在能源密集產業(yè)的固定資本價值在過去十年下降了。 As companies kit is wearing out, they are simply not replacing it, or investing abroad. 由于公司的設備磨損了，他們僅僅是不更換它，或者投資國外。 The coalition treaty speaks of an energy policy triangle of sustainability, supply securityand affordability, but fills in little detail about how the government can achieve all threecompeting goals. 這個聯(lián)盟條約提起一個集持續(xù)性、安全保證和可支付的能源政策三角，但是沒有透露任何關于政府如何實現所有三個具有競爭力目標的細節(jié)。 The government has set a deadline of April 2023 to publish a fundamental reform of therenewable-energy law, which it hopes to pass by summer. 政府設定了2023年4月一個最后期限去公布可再生能源法基礎性改革， Udo Niehage, the head of government relations at Siemens, a big engineering firm, is notpanicking yet. 大型工程公司西門子政府關系部門領導Udo Niehage一點都不驚慌失措。 He is certain that the coalition understands the worries of German businesses, and praisesMs Merkel s toughness and cleverness. 他很肯定聯(lián)盟很明白德國商業(yè)的擔憂，并且贊賞默克爾的堅韌和聰明。 She is certainly good at wrong-footing political opponents, and so it is possible that thecoalition deal is an unreliable guide to what the new government will actually do. 她肯定很擅長使政治對手手忙腳亂，所以可能聯(lián)盟處理方式是一個對新政府實際上會做什么不可靠的指引。 But the lack of certainty about future plans is the loudest complaint about the chancellorcoming from businesses. 但是未來計劃缺乏確定性是來自商業(yè)關于總理最大的抱怨。 Trusting in her cleverness is not enough. 相信她的聰明是不夠的。 詞語解釋 1.require to 要求 Drain piping may require to be protected againstfreezing. 泄水管要求有防凍保護措施。 These objects require to be quarantined on thespot. 這些物品需要進行現場檢疫。 2.lead to 通向;導致 That can lead to serious consequences. 這會導致嚴重的后果。 All these ideologies lead to repression. 所有這些思想最終都導致鎮(zhèn)壓。 3.expect to 期許 We might also expect to see more trade in services. 我們也許還可以期望看到服務貿易的增多。 Experts expect to throw away some early work. 專家們希望把自己的早期作品置之度外。 4.far less 遠不及 Hiring staff and building up internal capabilities costs far less. 雇用員工和打造內部能力的成本遠遠低于經理人的費用。 However, the mood elsewhere in asia was far less sanguine. 但亞洲其它地區(qū)的投資者情緒卻遠沒有那么樂觀。
2023復習正是強化復習階段，在考研英語中占了40分，所以考研英語閱讀是英語科目中重要的一項。名師老師曾建議過考研生需要堅持每天泛讀10-15分鐘的英文原刊。強烈推薦了雜志《經濟學人》.雜志中的文章也是考研英語的主要材料來源.希望考研考生認真閱讀，快速提高考研英語閱讀水平。 German companies 德國公司 An unhappy business 不幸的商業(yè) The new government s reforms worry Germanbosses 新政府改革使德國企業(yè)的老板們擔心不已 FOR German businesses, the elections were bad enough. 對于德國的商業(yè)來說，這次的選舉真的糟糕透了。 In September voters denied thebusiness-friendly, small-government Free Democrats the 5% of the vote required to stayboth in parliament and in the centre-right coalition government. 九月份投票者拒絕了對商業(yè)友好、小政府型的需要5%投票繼續(xù)在過會和右翼聯(lián)盟中待下去的自由民主黨員們。 The election result has led to a grand coalition between Angela Merkel s ChristianDemocratic Union, its Bavarian sister-party, the Christian Social Union, and the leftish SocialDemocrats. 這個選舉結果引發(fā)了默克爾的基督民主聯(lián)盟及它的巴伐利亞姐妹黨，基督社會聯(lián)盟和左傾的社會民主黨的大聯(lián)盟。 Though the SPD finished well behind the CDU-CSU, their coalition agreement, signed at theend of November, looks to many like a wishlist for the left. 盡管跟社會民主黨的聯(lián)合結束遠遠在CDU-CSU后面，他們的聯(lián)合協(xié)議，11月末尾簽字，看上去更像一個左派的愿望單。 Business and financial leaders are barely bothering to conceal their disappointment at anew national minimum wage, increased pension payments, lower retirement ages for someworkers and new pension entitlements for some stay-at-home mothers. 商業(yè)和金融領導者們幾乎不費勁去隱藏他們對新的全國最低工資、增加了的退休金、對某些工人更低的退休年齡和對一些在家母親生活津貼權益的失望之情。 The head of the Federation of German Industry, Ulrich Grillo, called it a wasted chance thatwould submit the German economy to new stress tests. 德國工業(yè)聯(lián)合會首領，Ulrich Grillo，稱之為可能會導致德國經濟面臨一個新的嚴峻考驗的機會浪費。 The Cologne Institute for Economic Research has compared the agreement to a chequewithout the funds to cover it. 科隆經濟研究所將這個協(xié)議比作為一個沒有資金擔保的支票。 Company bosses are more circumspect than leaders of industry bodies about criticising MrsMerkel publicly. But they too are wary. 公司老板們比工業(yè)團體領導人們在公開批評默克爾女士上更加的謹慎。但是他們太小心翼翼了。 One German chief executive complains that the chancellor ignored structural reform whenshe had a business-friendly partner in the Free Democrats, and frets that she can hardly beexpected to find new courage with the SPD. 一個德國首席執(zhí)行官抱怨道當她在自由民主黨人中有一個對商業(yè)友好的伙伴，總理可能會忽略結構性改革，并且他擔心道可能很難期待她在SPD的伴隨下找到新的勇氣。 A lobbyist for another big company says that with the Free Democrats you didn t need aninterpreter to explain industry s concerns to the government, but now he fears he will. 另一家大公司的一個游說者說道有德國自由民主黨人的話你不需要一個翻譯者去解釋政府的工業(yè)關注點，但是現在他擔心他需要了。 He grumbles that Mrs Merkel understands the importance of a free economy but does notactually understand what it means. 他抱怨道默克爾女士明白一個自由經濟的重要性但是她可能并未真正懂它的含義。 He even praises Gerhard Schr?der, Mrs Merkel s predecessor and a Social Democrat. 他甚至贊賞格哈德施羅德，默克爾女士的前任和一個社會民主黨人。 Mr Schrder would listen, ask questions, and then say I can do this; I can t do that. 施羅德會聽、問問題然后接著說我可以做這個;我不能做那個。 Mrs Merkel does listen carefullybut then keeps her own counsel. 默克爾女士確實聽得很認真但是接著保持她自己的想法。 The CDU-CSU has kept one promise: the coalition treaty pledges not to raise taxes, whichthe parties of the left all favour. CDU-CSU聯(lián)盟保證一個承諾：聯(lián)盟條約保證稅收不增加，這也是左派全都支持的。 Growth-friendly spending, such as on infrastructure and research, will increase. 對增長有利的政府花銷，如基礎設施建設和研究，會增長。 But Deutsche Bank estimates that social spending will rise by three times as much. 但是荷蘭銀行估計社會花費會增長三倍之多。 Businesses are far less happy about changes that will affect the labour market. 商業(yè)會更不樂于見到會影響勞動力市場的變化。 Germany s best-performing, export-oriented companies will be little affected by theminimum wage, as they employ few low-skilled workers. 德國業(yè)績做的最好的，出口導向的公司幾乎不會被最低工資影響，由于他們雇傭很少的技術不高的工人。 But the ability to employ workers on short-term contracts will be curtailed. 但是他們用短期合同雇傭工人的能力被剝奪了。 Some firms have been criticised for abusing such methods as a way of keeping workers frombenefits that full-time employees would receive. 一些公司曾經批評濫用這些方法作為一種剝奪工人們享有全職雇員能夠享受到利益的方式。 But now a tool that has made the labour market more flexible, and helped to bringunemployment down, will be made harder to use. 但是現在一個工具，可以使勞動力市場更加的靈活并且?guī)椭档褪I(yè)率，會更難使用。 Energy policy is a particularly sore point. 能源政策更是一個痛處。 Germany s renewable-energy law has boosted green sources through guaranteed high pricesfor renewable power, preferred access for renewables to the grid and easier financing, froma tax on electricity bills. 德國的可再生能源法通過保證可再生能源的高價、對可再生能源管道網絡更優(yōu)先的許可和更容易的來自電力稅的融資來促進綠色來源。 German industrial electricity prices are among the highest in Europe. 德國工業(yè)用電價格屬于歐洲最高行列。 Power-hungry industries get partial relief from the tax that finances renewable subsidies;but they complain nonetheless, of a lack of long-term clarity in energy policy. 能源密集型工業(yè)通過提供可再生能源補貼稅減輕部分負擔;雖然如此但是他們仍然抱怨能源政策缺乏長期確定性。 Firms are voting with their euros. 公司們用他們的歐元投票。 The value of fixed capital in energy-intensive industries has declined over the past decade. 在能源密集產業(yè)的固定資本價值在過去十年下降了。 As companies kit is wearing out, they are simply not replacing it, or investing abroad. 由于公司的設備磨損了，他們僅僅是不更換它，或者投資國外。 The coalition treaty speaks of an energy policy triangle of sustainability, supply securityand affordability, but fills in little detail about how the government can achieve all threecompeting goals. 這個聯(lián)盟條約提起一個集持續(xù)性、安全保證和可支付的能源政策三角，但是沒有透露任何關于政府如何實現所有三個具有競爭力目標的細節(jié)。 The government has set a deadline of April 2023 to publish a fundamental reform of therenewable-energy law, which it hopes to pass by summer. 政府設定了2023年4月一個最后期限去公布可再生能源法基礎性改革， Udo Niehage, the head of government relations at Siemens, a big engineering firm, is notpanicking yet. 大型工程公司西門子政府關系部門領導Udo Niehage一點都不驚慌失措。 He is certain that the coalition understands the worries of German businesses, and praisesMs Merkel s toughness and cleverness. 他很肯定聯(lián)盟很明白德國商業(yè)的擔憂，并且贊賞默克爾的堅韌和聰明。 She is certainly good at wrong-footing political opponents, and so it is possible that thecoalition deal is an unreliable guide to what the new government will actually do. 她肯定很擅長使政治對手手忙腳亂，所以可能聯(lián)盟處理方式是一個對新政府實際上會做什么不可靠的指引。 But the lack of certainty about future plans is the loudest complaint about the chancellorcoming from businesses. 但是未來計劃缺乏確定性是來自商業(yè)關于總理最大的抱怨。 Trusting in her cleverness is not enough. 相信她的聰明是不夠的。 詞語解釋 1.require to 要求 Drain piping may require to be protected againstfreezing. 泄水管要求有防凍保護措施。 These objects require to be quarantined on thespot. 這些物品需要進行現場檢疫。 2.lead to 通向;導致 That can lead to serious consequences. 這會導致嚴重的后果。 All these ideologies lead to repression. 所有這些思想最終都導致鎮(zhèn)壓。 3.expect to 期許 We might also expect to see more trade in services. 我們也許還可以期望看到服務貿易的增多。 Experts expect to throw away some early work. 專家們希望把自己的早期作品置之度外。 4.far less 遠不及 Hiring staff and building up internal capabilities costs far less. 雇用員工和打造內部能力的成本遠遠低于經理人的費用。 However, the mood elsewhere in asia was far less sanguine. 但亞洲其它地區(qū)的投資者情緒卻遠沒有那么樂觀。
