大學(xué)英語四級(jí)閱讀理解長難句的六個(gè)大特點(diǎn)
四級(jí)閱讀理解難，難在長難句。如何破解長難句，是做好四級(jí)閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。破解長難句通常采用方法是找準(zhǔn)主謂賓去除定狀補(bǔ)，筆者認(rèn)為，抓住長難句特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行庖丁解牛是破解四級(jí)閱讀理解長難句的又一制勝法寶。
四級(jí)閱讀理解長難句有以下六大特點(diǎn)：
1、 主語拉長
一般來講，漢語主語比較簡短。相比之下，英語中主語一旦拉長，就會(huì)增加讀者的理解難度。
解決方法：有效分解主謂成分，斷開之后各個(gè)擊破。例如：
The streams, lakes, meadows
時(shí)間過了37年。現(xiàn)在Stoloe致力于撰寫和編輯關(guān)于美國手語和聾啞人文化的書籍和雜志，以及制作相關(guān)的錄像材料。
5、并列句連用使得句子變長(主謂賓都可以并列)
并列句是四級(jí)閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題人會(huì)把幾個(gè)成分相同的并列句子，通過剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個(gè)很長的句子。
解決方法：破解這樣句子的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚兩個(gè)句子的邏輯關(guān)系，補(bǔ)全成分后重新還原為幾個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子即可。例如：
To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.
翻譯：對(duì)政府來說，更糟糕的是，不久得知的消息是，王妃的安哥拉之行得到過外事辦的批準(zhǔn)，并且她事實(shí)上非常了解安哥拉的形勢(shì)和英國政府關(guān)于地雷的政策。
2
相當(dāng)于拆分成三個(gè)句子：
To make matters worse for the government
It soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office.
It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.
6、多重復(fù)合句疊加
所謂多重復(fù)合句疊加，就是說一個(gè)長句子當(dāng)中可能包含了好幾種句式(并列的定語從句、狀語從句、介詞短語等等)。
解決方法：分清主從句，理清句子邏輯關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。通常采用圖表法。例如：
(1)Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.
結(jié)構(gòu)圖：
★①☆①
○○
★②☆②
說明：
○○=then there is the general, all covering apology
★①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
★②= and which the person should promise never to do again
☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting
☆②= Who is apologizing
顯然，原句子是由有there be引導(dǎo)做主句，后面跟了兩個(gè)which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，兩者是并列的。比較特殊的是which定語從句中有各自有一個(gè)定語從句，像是一個(gè)連環(huán)套。
分解為以下幾個(gè)句子：
1.Then there is the general, all covering apology
2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting
4.And which the person
5.Who is apologizing
6.Should promise never to do again
翻譯：
1.然后就有了一種一般意義的、無所不包的道歉
2.這種道歉避免了一種指明特別行為的必要性
3.特別是讓人傷心或者令人委屈的行為
4.這種道歉使得人們
5.道歉的人們
6.承諾以后不再犯類似的行為
句子整合翻譯：然后還有一種泛泛的無所不包的道歉，這種道歉避免了一種指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈的、道歉者應(yīng)該保證以后不會(huì)再犯的具體行為
四級(jí)閱讀理解難，難在長難句。如何破解長難句，是做好四級(jí)閱讀理解的關(guān)鍵一環(huán)。破解長難句通常采用方法是找準(zhǔn)主謂賓去除定狀補(bǔ)，筆者認(rèn)為，抓住長難句特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行庖丁解牛是破解四級(jí)閱讀理解長難句的又一制勝法寶。
四級(jí)閱讀理解長難句有以下六大特點(diǎn)：
1、 主語拉長
一般來講，漢語主語比較簡短。相比之下，英語中主語一旦拉長，就會(huì)增加讀者的理解難度。
解決方法：有效分解主謂成分，斷開之后各個(gè)擊破。例如：
The streams, lakes, meadows
時(shí)間過了37年。現(xiàn)在Stoloe致力于撰寫和編輯關(guān)于美國手語和聾啞人文化的書籍和雜志，以及制作相關(guān)的錄像材料。
5、并列句連用使得句子變長(主謂賓都可以并列)
并列句是四級(jí)閱讀理解中的主要句式。出題人會(huì)把幾個(gè)成分相同的并列句子，通過剔除多余成分從而使其合并為一個(gè)很長的句子。
解決方法：破解這樣句子的關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚兩個(gè)句子的邏輯關(guān)系，補(bǔ)全成分后重新還原為幾個(gè)單獨(dú)的句子即可。例如：
To make matters worse for the government, it soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office, and that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.
翻譯：對(duì)政府來說，更糟糕的是，不久得知的消息是，王妃的安哥拉之行得到過外事辦的批準(zhǔn)，并且她事實(shí)上非常了解安哥拉的形勢(shì)和英國政府關(guān)于地雷的政策。
2
相當(dāng)于拆分成三個(gè)句子：
To make matters worse for the government
It soon emerged that the Princesss trip had been approved by the Foreign Office.
It soon emerged that she was in fact very well-informed about both the situation in Angola and the British governments policy regarding landmines.
6、多重復(fù)合句疊加
所謂多重復(fù)合句疊加，就是說一個(gè)長句子當(dāng)中可能包含了好幾種句式(并列的定語從句、狀語從句、介詞短語等等)。
解決方法：分清主從句，理清句子邏輯關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。通常采用圖表法。例如：
(1)Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again.
結(jié)構(gòu)圖：
★①☆①
○○
★②☆②
說明：
○○=then there is the general, all covering apology
★①=which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
★②= and which the person should promise never to do again
☆①= that was particularly hurtful or insulting
☆②= Who is apologizing
顯然，原句子是由有there be引導(dǎo)做主句，后面跟了兩個(gè)which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，兩者是并列的。比較特殊的是which定語從句中有各自有一個(gè)定語從句，像是一個(gè)連環(huán)套。
分解為以下幾個(gè)句子：
1.Then there is the general, all covering apology
2.Which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act
3.That was particularly hurtful or insulting
4.And which the person
5.Who is apologizing
6.Should promise never to do again
翻譯：
1.然后就有了一種一般意義的、無所不包的道歉
2.這種道歉避免了一種指明特別行為的必要性
3.特別是讓人傷心或者令人委屈的行為
4.這種道歉使得人們
5.道歉的人們
6.承諾以后不再犯類似的行為
句子整合翻譯：然后還有一種泛泛的無所不包的道歉，這種道歉避免了一種指明特別讓人傷心、特別令人委屈的、道歉者應(yīng)該保證以后不會(huì)再犯的具體行為
