Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire . This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

　　21. People who are cognitively healthy are those _________.

　　A) whose minds are alert and receptive

　　B) who are highly intelligent.

　　C) who can remember large amounts of information

　　D) who are good at recognizing different sounds

　　22. According to Fozards argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by _________.

　　A) constantly doing memory work

　　B) making frequent adjustments

　　C) going through specific training

　　D) taking part in various mental activities

　　23. The findings of James and other scientists in their work _________.

　　A) remain a theory to be further proved

　　B) have been challenged by many other experts

　　C) are practised by the researchers themselves

　　D) have been generally accepted

　　24. Older people are generally advised to _________.

　　A) keep mentally active by challenging their brains

　　B) keep fit by going in for physical activities

　　C) maintain mental alertness through specific training

　　D) maintain a balance between individual and group activities

　　25. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A) How biochemical changes occur in the human brain.

　　B) Why people should receive special mental training as they age.

　　C) How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health.

　　D) Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally.

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

　　Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.

　　注：1. it 指代 brain

　　2.mentally engaged 動腦筋，思考問題

　　3.第一句是主題句

　　People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.

　　注：1.第一段 attention and memory 對應 alert and receptive

　　2.active mind 思維活躍

　　3.sound adj.健康的

　　Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information, says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.

　　注：1.convince 相信，確信

　　2.雙引號之內句子不重要

　　3.be less interest than 某事好處不如某事好處多

　　Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. The point is, you need to do both, Cohen says. Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.

　　注：1.本段第二句中but之前是大眾觀點， 后面是作者觀點

　　2.age v. 變老

　　24. Older people are generally advised to _________.

　　A) keep mentally active by challenging their brains

　　B) keep fit by going in for physical activities

　　C) maintain mental alertness through specific training

　　D) maintain a balance between individual and group activities

　　注：generally advised 與末段中的frequently advised 對應，考的是大眾觀點

　　21. People who are cognitively healthy are those _________.

　　A) whose minds are alert and receptive

　　B) who are highly intelligent.

　　C) who can remember large amounts of information

　　D) who are good at recognizing different sounds

　　注：題干的關鍵詞出現了，但該句沒有正確對應的選項，所以從上或下一句來找

　　People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.

　　22. According to Fozards argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by _________.

　　A) constantly doing memory work

　　B) making frequent adjustments

　　C) going through specific training

　　D) taking part in various mental activities

　　注：考第三段末句

　　Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information, says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.

　　23. The findings of James and other scientists in their work _________.

　　A) remain a theory to be further proved

　　B) have been challenged by many other experts

　　C) are practised by the researchers themselves

　　D) have been generally accepted

　　注：第三段首句中的 theory 等同于 findings

　　Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information, says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.

　　25. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A) How biochemical changes occur in the human brain.

　　B) Why people should receive special mental training as they age.

　　C) How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health.

　　D) Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally.

　　注：not only... but also... 為優選項，且重點在 but also 部分。D 項為首句主題句的同義改寫

　　Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.

　　短文回答內容應該簡潔

　　例：Why are the students enthusiastic (熱情的) for the positions in students organization?

　　1. Because they are respected.(可以)

　　2. They are respected.(可以)

　　3. The students are enthusiastic for the positjions in students organization because they are respected.(太復雜，不可以)

　　如何做答：優選順序：單詞--詞組--句子;以下情況用句子：Why?和 What opinion/result/suggestion/belief

　　Any attempt to trace the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby s intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire . This self-imitation leads on to deliberate imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people. The problem then arises as to the point at which one can say that these imitations can be considered as speech.

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

　　21. People who are cognitively healthy are those _________.

　　A) whose minds are alert and receptive

　　B) who are highly intelligent.

　　C) who can remember large amounts of information

　　D) who are good at recognizing different sounds

　　22. According to Fozards argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by _________.

　　A) constantly doing memory work

　　B) making frequent adjustments

　　C) going through specific training

　　D) taking part in various mental activities

　　23. The findings of James and other scientists in their work _________.

　　A) remain a theory to be further proved

　　B) have been challenged by many other experts

　　C) are practised by the researchers themselves

　　D) have been generally accepted

　　24. Older people are generally advised to _________.

　　A) keep mentally active by challenging their brains

　　B) keep fit by going in for physical activities

　　C) maintain mental alertness through specific training

　　D) maintain a balance between individual and group activities

　　25. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A) How biochemical changes occur in the human brain.

　　B) Why people should receive special mental training as they age.

　　C) How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health.

　　D) Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally.

　　Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

　　Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.

　　注：1. it 指代 brain

　　2.mentally engaged 動腦筋，思考問題

　　3.第一句是主題句

　　People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.

　　注：1.第一段 attention and memory 對應 alert and receptive

　　2.active mind 思維活躍

　　3.sound adj.健康的

　　Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information, says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.

　　注：1.convince 相信，確信

　　2.雙引號之內句子不重要

　　3.be less interest than 某事好處不如某事好處多

　　Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. The point is, you need to do both, Cohen says. Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.

　　注：1.本段第二句中but之前是大眾觀點， 后面是作者觀點

　　2.age v. 變老

　　24. Older people are generally advised to _________.

　　A) keep mentally active by challenging their brains

　　B) keep fit by going in for physical activities

　　C) maintain mental alertness through specific training

　　D) maintain a balance between individual and group activities

　　注：generally advised 與末段中的frequently advised 對應，考的是大眾觀點

　　21. People who are cognitively healthy are those _________.

　　A) whose minds are alert and receptive

　　B) who are highly intelligent.

　　C) who can remember large amounts of information

　　D) who are good at recognizing different sounds

　　注：題干的關鍵詞出現了，但該句沒有正確對應的選項，所以從上或下一句來找

　　People will be alert and receptive if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things they are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.

　　22. According to Fozards argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by _________.

　　A) constantly doing memory work

　　B) making frequent adjustments

　　C) going through specific training

　　D) taking part in various mental activities

　　注：考第三段末句

　　Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information, says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.

　　23. The findings of James and other scientists in their work _________.

　　A) remain a theory to be further proved

　　B) have been challenged by many other experts

　　C) are practised by the researchers themselves

　　D) have been generally accepted

　　注：第三段首句中的 theory 等同于 findings

　　Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information, says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. Most of us dont need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness. Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.

　　25. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A) How biochemical changes occur in the human brain.

　　B) Why people should receive special mental training as they age.

　　C) How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health.

　　D) Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally.

　　注：not only... but also... 為優選項，且重點在 but also 部分。D 項為首句主題句的同義改寫

　　Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.

　　短文回答內容應該簡潔

　　例：Why are the students enthusiastic (熱情的) for the positions in students organization?

　　1. Because they are respected.(可以)

　　2. They are respected.(可以)

　　3. The students are enthusiastic for the positjions in students organization because they are respected.(太復雜，不可以)

　　如何做答：優選順序：單詞--詞組--句子;以下情況用句子：Why?和 What opinion/result/suggestion/belief