There are two major parties in Britain today,the Conservative Party and the Labour Party,which have been in power by turns since 1945.The two party system of Britain was formed in the course of the development of the capitalist state and the political parties.In order to strengthen the state machine,the British bourgeosie have let it come into being and exist in one form or another form since the 17th century.P.S.Tregidgo once said: The more parties there are,the less likely it is that any one of them will be strong enough in Parliament to outvote all the others;but when there are only two,one of them is sure to have a majority o f seats.This helps to ensure a strong and stable government. This may be the reason why the British have the two party system.

　　The division into two parties grew out the establishment of a Protestant Church of England in the 16th century.Because of a purely religious difference of opinion,the Puritans were separated from the broad body of the Anglican Church.The non Puritan Anglicans were on the side of the King and Church,and their supporters were called by their opponents Tories. The Puritans were for Parliament and trade,and their supporters were called by the Tories Whigs .The Tories and the Whigs were in power a long time.In 1833,the Tory party split into two and its name was changed to Conservative.In the 1860s the Whigs became Liberals.From that time on,the Liberals and the Conservatives were in office by turns until 1922.The policies they put into effect were sometimes different,but they were both controlled by the rich.

　　The working class became more and more unwilling to follow the Conservatives and the Liberals.They wanted to have their own party.So the Labour party was formed by the trade unions.After 1922 the Labour Party gradually replaced the Liberal Party to become one of the two major parties in Great Britain.

　　1.What does it stand for in the third line?

　　A)The two party system. B)The state machine.

　　C)The Partiament. D)The capitalist state.

　　2.We can learn from what P.S Tregidgo once said that ____.

　　A)if there are parties in Britain,none of them will be strong enough to have con trol in the government

　　B)the more patients there are,the more likely it is that they will have the deci sive say in the government

　　C)the two party system contributes to the establishment of a powerful and long lasting government

　　D)if there are only two parties in Britain,it will be easy for the government to control them

　　3.What can we infer from the forming of the Tory Party and the Whig Party?

　　A)These two parties originally believed in different religions.

　　B)These two parties were established under the influence of different religious believes.

　　C)The British King and the Parliament supported different religions becaused they were for the two party system.

　　D)The British King and the Parliament were supported by different parties for political reasons.

　　4.According to the passage,why was the Labour Party established in Britain?

　　A)Because the trade unions did not do much good for the working people.

　　B)Because the Liberal Party were not strong enough to defeat the Conservative Party.

　　C)Because the working people would not like to be members outside the Liberal Party.

　　D)Because neither of the two major parties was the parties for the working people.

　　5.Which of the following is true concerning the Tory Party or the Whig Party?

　　A)The Whig Party no longer exists in Britain.

　　B)The Tory Party has kept its unity until the present day.

　　C)The Whig Party has taken the place of the Liberal Party.

　　D)The Tory Party has taken the place of the Conservative Party.

　　答案與解析：

　　1.A 本題要求讀者指出第3行的 it 指代什么。A為兩黨制，B為國家機器，C為議會，D 為資本主義政府，從原文可知，資產階級是為了強化國家機器，而讓兩黨制形成并存在的。 故答案為A。

　　2.C 本題要求讀者指出從P.S.特萊吉歐說的話中可得知什么。A意思是：如果英國有政黨的話，哪個黨也不能控制政府。B意思是：政黨越多，他們就越有可能在政府中有決定性的發言權。C意思是：兩黨制有利于建立一個有力的持久的政府。D意思是：如果英國只有兩個政黨，政府會很容易控制他們。從原文可知，A，B，D都不符合原文，故正確答案為C。

　　3.B 本題要求讀者指出從托利黨和輝格黨的形成可得出什么推論。A意思是：這兩個黨原來屬于不同的宗教信仰。B意思是：這兩個黨是受不同的宗教信仰影響而建立起來的。C意思是：英國的國王和議會支持不同的宗教因為他們擁護兩黨制。D意思是：英國的國王和議會由于政治上的原因受不同的黨派的支持。從原文可知，由于繼宗教上的原因，英國國教分化為清教徒和非清教徒，這兩支后來發展為輝格黨和托利黨。所以正確答案為B。

　　4.D 本題要求讀者指出英國工黨是為什么建立的。A意思是：因為工會沒有為工人階級謀多少利益。B意思是：因為自由黨對抗不過保守黨。C意思是：因為工人階級不想成為自由黨外的成員。D意思是：因為當時的兩大政黨都不代表工人階級利益。從原文可知，工黨的建立起因是工人階級不愿受自由黨和保守黨的控制，且這兩大黨都是富人的黨。所以正確答案為D。

　　5.A 本題要求讀者指出關于托利黨和輝格黨的正確敘述。A意思是：在英國輝格黨已經不存在了。B意思是：直到今天托利黨還保持著完整統一。C意思是：輝格黨取代了自由黨。D 意思是：托利黨取代了保守黨。從原文可知，輝格黨發展成后來的自由黨，自由黨又為工黨 取代。所以正確答案為A。

　　There are two major parties in Britain today,the Conservative Party and the Labour Party,which have been in power by turns since 1945.The two party system of Britain was formed in the course of the development of the capitalist state and the political parties.In order to strengthen the state machine,the British bourgeosie have let it come into being and exist in one form or another form since the 17th century.P.S.Tregidgo once said: The more parties there are,the less likely it is that any one of them will be strong enough in Parliament to outvote all the others;but when there are only two,one of them is sure to have a majority o f seats.This helps to ensure a strong and stable government. This may be the reason why the British have the two party system.

　　The division into two parties grew out the establishment of a Protestant Church of England in the 16th century.Because of a purely religious difference of opinion,the Puritans were separated from the broad body of the Anglican Church.The non Puritan Anglicans were on the side of the King and Church,and their supporters were called by their opponents Tories. The Puritans were for Parliament and trade,and their supporters were called by the Tories Whigs .The Tories and the Whigs were in power a long time.In 1833,the Tory party split into two and its name was changed to Conservative.In the 1860s the Whigs became Liberals.From that time on,the Liberals and the Conservatives were in office by turns until 1922.The policies they put into effect were sometimes different,but they were both controlled by the rich.

　　The working class became more and more unwilling to follow the Conservatives and the Liberals.They wanted to have their own party.So the Labour party was formed by the trade unions.After 1922 the Labour Party gradually replaced the Liberal Party to become one of the two major parties in Great Britain.

　　1.What does it stand for in the third line?

　　A)The two party system. B)The state machine.

　　C)The Partiament. D)The capitalist state.

　　2.We can learn from what P.S Tregidgo once said that ____.

　　A)if there are parties in Britain,none of them will be strong enough to have con trol in the government

　　B)the more patients there are,the more likely it is that they will have the deci sive say in the government

　　C)the two party system contributes to the establishment of a powerful and long lasting government

　　D)if there are only two parties in Britain,it will be easy for the government to control them

　　3.What can we infer from the forming of the Tory Party and the Whig Party?

　　A)These two parties originally believed in different religions.

　　B)These two parties were established under the influence of different religious believes.

　　C)The British King and the Parliament supported different religions becaused they were for the two party system.

　　D)The British King and the Parliament were supported by different parties for political reasons.

　　4.According to the passage,why was the Labour Party established in Britain?

　　A)Because the trade unions did not do much good for the working people.

　　B)Because the Liberal Party were not strong enough to defeat the Conservative Party.

　　C)Because the working people would not like to be members outside the Liberal Party.

　　D)Because neither of the two major parties was the parties for the working people.

　　5.Which of the following is true concerning the Tory Party or the Whig Party?

　　A)The Whig Party no longer exists in Britain.

　　B)The Tory Party has kept its unity until the present day.

　　C)The Whig Party has taken the place of the Liberal Party.

　　D)The Tory Party has taken the place of the Conservative Party.

　　答案與解析：

　　1.A 本題要求讀者指出第3行的 it 指代什么。A為兩黨制，B為國家機器，C為議會，D 為資本主義政府，從原文可知，資產階級是為了強化國家機器，而讓兩黨制形成并存在的。 故答案為A。

　　2.C 本題要求讀者指出從P.S.特萊吉歐說的話中可得知什么。A意思是：如果英國有政黨的話，哪個黨也不能控制政府。B意思是：政黨越多，他們就越有可能在政府中有決定性的發言權。C意思是：兩黨制有利于建立一個有力的持久的政府。D意思是：如果英國只有兩個政黨，政府會很容易控制他們。從原文可知，A，B，D都不符合原文，故正確答案為C。

　　3.B 本題要求讀者指出從托利黨和輝格黨的形成可得出什么推論。A意思是：這兩個黨原來屬于不同的宗教信仰。B意思是：這兩個黨是受不同的宗教信仰影響而建立起來的。C意思是：英國的國王和議會支持不同的宗教因為他們擁護兩黨制。D意思是：英國的國王和議會由于政治上的原因受不同的黨派的支持。從原文可知，由于繼宗教上的原因，英國國教分化為清教徒和非清教徒，這兩支后來發展為輝格黨和托利黨。所以正確答案為B。

　　4.D 本題要求讀者指出英國工黨是為什么建立的。A意思是：因為工會沒有為工人階級謀多少利益。B意思是：因為自由黨對抗不過保守黨。C意思是：因為工人階級不想成為自由黨外的成員。D意思是：因為當時的兩大政黨都不代表工人階級利益。從原文可知，工黨的建立起因是工人階級不愿受自由黨和保守黨的控制，且這兩大黨都是富人的黨。所以正確答案為D。

　　5.A 本題要求讀者指出關于托利黨和輝格黨的正確敘述。A意思是：在英國輝格黨已經不存在了。B意思是：直到今天托利黨還保持著完整統一。C意思是：輝格黨取代了自由黨。D 意思是：托利黨取代了保守黨。從原文可知，輝格黨發展成后來的自由黨，自由黨又為工黨 取代。所以正確答案為A。