2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)篇微寫作強(qiáng)化系列Test30精選導(dǎo)學(xué)案 北師大版
2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)篇微寫作強(qiáng)化系列Test30精選導(dǎo)學(xué)案 北師大版
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy-efficient car，they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks.But it was the boxfish(盒子魚) that interested them.
“We were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic(空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)的) car”，says Thomas Weber.He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler.An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency.
The boxfish may look clumsy，but it can start，stop，back up and zigzag(曲折前進(jìn)) through the water with ease.And it does all this using surprisingly little energy.Daimler’s bionic(仿生學(xué)的) car is modeled on the fish’s boxy skeletal (骨豁的) system.Like the fish，the car is fast and drives easily.It’s efficient too.
The science behind nature-inspired inventions is called biomimicry(生物仿生)．Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term.As co-founder of the Biomimicry Guild，she has worked with cereal companies，sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Nature’s best ideas.
This month，the Nature’s 100 Best List will be revealed at the World Conservation Congress(代表大會(huì)) in Barcelona，Spain.Benyus co-authored the list of nature inspired designs with economist Gunter Pauli.
In Zimbabwe，a country in southern Africa，engineers designed energy-efficient buildings modeled on termite(白蟻) mounds (土堆)．The buildings use vents (孔)to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool.
A company in Atlanta，US，developed a self-cleaning paint modeled on the lotus(荷花) leaf.When the paint dries，it becomes bumpy (不平的)，just like the lotus leaf.Rain drops form on the bumps and roll off，carrying dirt along with them.
Nature has done billions of years of research.Only the best-designed products have survived.Companies owe Mother Nature a debt for all that hard work，says Benyus.
For scientists and inventors，the possibilities for copying nature are limitless.Technology may never be as efficient as nature，or as colorful.But that doesn’t mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us.Take a walk outside.Watch a squirrel climb up a tree.Look closely at the veins(紋理) of a leaf.Hear the birds chirping in the trees.Such small details may help solve big problems in the future.
1．Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A．In America a self-cleaning paint was modeled on the lotus flower.
B．Zimbabwe engineers learned from termites to create highly advanced heating systems.
C．After the boxfish ，many other ideas of new products are borrowed from nature.
D．Nature is a good source to turn to for improving technology.
答案 D
解析 最后一段第一句話明確指出“the possibilities for copying nature are limitless”即自然界有助于技術(shù)改善提高。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在不是flower，而是leaf；B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在不是heating，而是to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool；C項(xiàng)文中根本沒(méi)有指明幾個(gè)發(fā)明的時(shí)間關(guān)系。
2．The clumsy-looking boxfish interested the scientists because of the following reasons EXCEPT that________.
A．it swims using little energy
B．being boxy，it looks quite like a car
C．some engineers had researched on how to swim easily in the water
D．it is a speedy swimmer
答案 C
解析 第三段明確指出了boxfish的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，只有C項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到。
3．Why did top engineers in Germany go to the natural history museum?
A．They wanted to pay a visit to the animals there because they were so lovely.
B．They wanted to carry out a research of boxfish and dolphins.
C．They wanted to search for a model to base on for building a more-efficient car.
D．They wanted to study the science of survival.
答案 C
解析 顯然文中所舉的德國(guó)頂級(jí)工程師去自然博物館的目的是希望從動(dòng)物身上獲取啟發(fā)，以便設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)好的汽車。“Like the fish，the car is fast and drives easily.”這句話也明確指出答案為C項(xiàng)。
4．We can infer from the passage EXCEPT ________.
A．it is believed that the creation of the airplane might have originated from the bird flying in the sky
B．the atmosphere on the earth cannot be transferred into the original idea
C．dolphins and sharks may become the source of scientists，inventions or creations
D．if you observe and explore nature，you may make great discoveries or become great inventors
答案 B
解析 B項(xiàng)和生物仿生想法相反，故選B項(xiàng)。
5．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．How Daimler’s bionic car came into being.
B．Nature has inspired a lot of inventions and will continue to.
C．Scientists and inventors’ contribution to modern industry comes from nature.
D．The Nature’s 100 best list.
答案 B
解析 最后一段再一次重申了要向自然界汲取力量。C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在主次顛倒。
B
In the United States，when one becomes rich，he wants people to know it.And even if he does not become very rich，he wants people to think that he is.That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about.It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.
The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand.He told this story about himself.He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23.That was a lot of money in those days.He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City.When he saw that rich people rode horses，Momand went horseback riding every day.When he saw that rich people had servants，Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours.
It was like a race，but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up.The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life.They moved back to an apartment in New York City.
Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbours.He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories.He called it “Keeping up with the Joneses” because Jones is a very common name in the United States.“ Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you.Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.
People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses.And there are Joneses in every city of the world.But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does，Mr.Jones always seems to be ahead.
6．Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ________.
A．want to be as rich as their neighbours
B．want others to know or to think that they are rich
C．don’t want others to know they are rich
D．want to be happy
答案 B
解析 文章前兩句話說(shuō)明答案為B項(xiàng)。
7．It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ________.
A．live outside New York City
B．live in New York City
C．live in apartments
D．have many neighbours
答案 A
解析 文中“wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City”明確指出富人住在紐約城外，選A項(xiàng)。
8．The underlined word neighbourhood in the second paragraph means ________.
A．a(chǎn) person who lives near another
B．people living in an area
C．a(chǎn)n area near the place referred to
D．a(chǎn)n area in another town or city
答案 C
解析 第一段最后一句話說(shuō)明是鄰居社區(qū)，故選C項(xiàng)。
9．Arthur Momand used the name Jones in his series of short stories because Jones is ________.
A．a(chǎn)n important name
B．a(chǎn) popular name in the United States
C．his neighbour’s name
D．not a good name
答案 B
解析 美國(guó)的Jones是“a very common name”。
10．According to the writer，it is________ to keep up with the Joneses.
A．correct
B．interesting
C．impossible
D．good
答案 C
解析 文章的最后一句話就表明不可能趕上Jones。
Ⅱ.微寫作
寫作素材
1．通過(guò)上網(wǎng)查閱相關(guān)資料，我不僅可以解決問(wèn)題而且還能提高獨(dú)自克服困難的能力。
2．我的學(xué)習(xí)有了平穩(wěn)的進(jìn)步。
提示：盡量使用高級(jí)表達(dá)：not only...but also的倒裝句；不定式作定語(yǔ)以及連接詞as a result等。
連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文)
By referring to relevant learning materials on the Internet，not only can I work out the problem，but also I can improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.As a result，I have made steady progress in my studies.
1．efficient adj.效率高的 efficiency n．效率 effective adj.有效的 effect n．結(jié)果；影響 have an effect on對(duì)… …有影響 take effect見效；生效 come into effect開始生效
2．be modeled on模仿 model oneself on sb.以某人為榜樣 fashion model時(shí)裝模特兒
3．with ease容易地 at ease放松地 put sb.at ease使某人放松 ease sb.of...減輕某人的……
4．back up 支持 back away后退 at the back of在……后面 back and forth來(lái)來(lái)回回
5．It was like a race，but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up.
本句是由but連接的并列句，在后一分句中包含一個(gè)由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
如何排除閱讀理解中的干擾項(xiàng)？
在一般情況下，先排除一兩個(gè)絕對(duì)不可能的選項(xiàng)，然后在剩下的選項(xiàng)中靠自己的直覺選擇一個(gè)，這樣就提高了答題的正確率。遇到難以解答的題目，不要驚慌失措，也不要在該題上花費(fèi)過(guò)多的時(shí)間，可以等完成其他題目后再來(lái)做該題。
最后解答此題時(shí)，考生可再回到文章中，對(duì)有相似性的選項(xiàng)再分辨，利用命題者設(shè)題的常用干擾方法進(jìn)行排除。
答題三忌：
一忌主觀臆斷
高考考試時(shí)間緊，題量大，很多考生閱讀理解題得分率較低的主要原因就是為了節(jié)約時(shí)間，不根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，憑主觀判斷或印象選擇，可能會(huì)將無(wú)中生有、偷梁換柱、張冠李戴、斷章取義等方法設(shè)計(jì)的干擾項(xiàng)確定為正確答案，導(dǎo)致失分。如B篇第6題答案A和B極易混淆，若不認(rèn)真讀文章，僅從主觀判斷或印象考慮，易錯(cuò)選A，但從文章的前兩句“In the United States，when one becomes rich，he wants people to know it.And even if he does not become very rich，he wants people to think that he is.”可知正確答案為B。
二忌妄加推斷
考生容易犯的另一種錯(cuò)誤是妄加推斷。考生將文章未涉及的內(nèi)容也包括進(jìn)去，認(rèn)為是正確答案，或在文章基礎(chǔ)上隨意推測(cè)原本未發(fā)生的情況發(fā)生。無(wú)中生有的干擾項(xiàng)就是給這些考生設(shè)置的陷阱。
三忌見樹不見林
考生還容易犯的錯(cuò)誤是見樹不見林。他們只看到原文的具體細(xì)節(jié)，沒(méi)有從大局出發(fā)了解文章的整體意思，未能準(zhǔn)確把握作者的意圖，被涉及細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)所蒙蔽，造成錯(cuò)誤。
2024屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)篇微寫作強(qiáng)化系列Test30精選導(dǎo)學(xué)案 北師大版
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
When top engineers in Germany wanted to build a more energy-efficient car，they headed to the natural history museum to study dolphins and sharks.But it was the boxfish(盒子魚) that interested them.
“We were surprised when this clumsy-looking fish became our model for designing an aerodynamic(空氣動(dòng)力學(xué)的) car”，says Thomas Weber.He is the research and development chief for the car company Daimler.An aerodynamic design reduces wind drag and increases fuel efficiency.
The boxfish may look clumsy，but it can start，stop，back up and zigzag(曲折前進(jìn)) through the water with ease.And it does all this using surprisingly little energy.Daimler’s bionic(仿生學(xué)的) car is modeled on the fish’s boxy skeletal (骨豁的) system.Like the fish，the car is fast and drives easily.It’s efficient too.
The science behind nature-inspired inventions is called biomimicry(生物仿生)．Biologist Janine Benyus came up with the term.As co-founder of the Biomimicry Guild，she has worked with cereal companies，sneaker designers and others to develop products based on Nature’s best ideas.
This month，the Nature’s 100 Best List will be revealed at the World Conservation Congress(代表大會(huì)) in Barcelona，Spain.Benyus co-authored the list of nature inspired designs with economist Gunter Pauli.
In Zimbabwe，a country in southern Africa，engineers designed energy-efficient buildings modeled on termite(白蟻) mounds (土堆)．The buildings use vents (孔)to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool.
A company in Atlanta，US，developed a self-cleaning paint modeled on the lotus(荷花) leaf.When the paint dries，it becomes bumpy (不平的)，just like the lotus leaf.Rain drops form on the bumps and roll off，carrying dirt along with them.
Nature has done billions of years of research.Only the best-designed products have survived.Companies owe Mother Nature a debt for all that hard work，says Benyus.
For scientists and inventors，the possibilities for copying nature are limitless.Technology may never be as efficient as nature，or as colorful.But that doesn’t mean we should stop trying to learn from the world around us.Take a walk outside.Watch a squirrel climb up a tree.Look closely at the veins(紋理) of a leaf.Hear the birds chirping in the trees.Such small details may help solve big problems in the future.
1．Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A．In America a self-cleaning paint was modeled on the lotus flower.
B．Zimbabwe engineers learned from termites to create highly advanced heating systems.
C．After the boxfish ，many other ideas of new products are borrowed from nature.
D．Nature is a good source to turn to for improving technology.
答案 D
解析 最后一段第一句話明確指出“the possibilities for copying nature are limitless”即自然界有助于技術(shù)改善提高。A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在不是flower，而是leaf；B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在不是heating，而是to keep the air flowing and the temperature cool；C項(xiàng)文中根本沒(méi)有指明幾個(gè)發(fā)明的時(shí)間關(guān)系。
2．The clumsy-looking boxfish interested the scientists because of the following reasons EXCEPT that________.
A．it swims using little energy
B．being boxy，it looks quite like a car
C．some engineers had researched on how to swim easily in the water
D．it is a speedy swimmer
答案 C
解析 第三段明確指出了boxfish的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，只有C項(xiàng)沒(méi)有提到。
3．Why did top engineers in Germany go to the natural history museum?
A．They wanted to pay a visit to the animals there because they were so lovely.
B．They wanted to carry out a research of boxfish and dolphins.
C．They wanted to search for a model to base on for building a more-efficient car.
D．They wanted to study the science of survival.
答案 C
解析 顯然文中所舉的德國(guó)頂級(jí)工程師去自然博物館的目的是希望從動(dòng)物身上獲取啟發(fā)，以便設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)好的汽車。“Like the fish，the car is fast and drives easily.”這句話也明確指出答案為C項(xiàng)。
4．We can infer from the passage EXCEPT ________.
A．it is believed that the creation of the airplane might have originated from the bird flying in the sky
B．the atmosphere on the earth cannot be transferred into the original idea
C．dolphins and sharks may become the source of scientists，inventions or creations
D．if you observe and explore nature，you may make great discoveries or become great inventors
答案 B
解析 B項(xiàng)和生物仿生想法相反，故選B項(xiàng)。
5．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．How Daimler’s bionic car came into being.
B．Nature has inspired a lot of inventions and will continue to.
C．Scientists and inventors’ contribution to modern industry comes from nature.
D．The Nature’s 100 best list.
答案 B
解析 最后一段再一次重申了要向自然界汲取力量。C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在主次顛倒。
B
In the United States，when one becomes rich，he wants people to know it.And even if he does not become very rich，he wants people to think that he is.That is what “keeping up with the Joneses” is about.It is the story of someone who tried to look as rich as his neighbours.
The expression was first used in 1913 by a young American called Arthur Momand.He told this story about himself.He began earning $125 a week at the age of 23.That was a lot of money in those days.He got married and moved with his wife to a very wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City.When he saw that rich people rode horses，Momand went horseback riding every day.When he saw that rich people had servants，Momand and his wife also hired a servant and gave big parties for their new neighbours.
It was like a race，but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up.The race ended for Momand and his wife when they could no longer pay for their new way of life.They moved back to an apartment in New York City.
Momand looked around him and noticed that many people do things just to keep up with rich lifestyle of their neighbours.He saw the funny side of it and started to write a series of short stories.He called it “Keeping up with the Joneses” because Jones is a very common name in the United States.“ Keeping up with the Joneses” came to mean keeping up with rich lifestyle of the people around you.Momand’s series appeared in different newspapers across the country for over 28 years.
People never seem to get tired of keeping up with the Joneses.And there are Joneses in every city of the world.But one must get tired of trying to keep up with the Joneses because no matter what one does，Mr.Jones always seems to be ahead.
6．Some people want to keep up with the Joneses because they ________.
A．want to be as rich as their neighbours
B．want others to know or to think that they are rich
C．don’t want others to know they are rich
D．want to be happy
答案 B
解析 文章前兩句話說(shuō)明答案為B項(xiàng)。
7．It can be inferred from the story that rich people like to ________.
A．live outside New York City
B．live in New York City
C．live in apartments
D．have many neighbours
答案 A
解析 文中“wealthy neighbourhood outside New York City”明確指出富人住在紐約城外，選A項(xiàng)。
8．The underlined word neighbourhood in the second paragraph means ________.
A．a(chǎn) person who lives near another
B．people living in an area
C．a(chǎn)n area near the place referred to
D．a(chǎn)n area in another town or city
答案 C
解析 第一段最后一句話說(shuō)明是鄰居社區(qū)，故選C項(xiàng)。
9．Arthur Momand used the name Jones in his series of short stories because Jones is ________.
A．a(chǎn)n important name
B．a(chǎn) popular name in the United States
C．his neighbour’s name
D．not a good name
答案 B
解析 美國(guó)的Jones是“a very common name”。
10．According to the writer，it is________ to keep up with the Joneses.
A．correct
B．interesting
C．impossible
D．good
答案 C
解析 文章的最后一句話就表明不可能趕上Jones。
Ⅱ.微寫作
寫作素材
1．通過(guò)上網(wǎng)查閱相關(guān)資料，我不僅可以解決問(wèn)題而且還能提高獨(dú)自克服困難的能力。
2．我的學(xué)習(xí)有了平穩(wěn)的進(jìn)步。
提示：盡量使用高級(jí)表達(dá)：not only...but also的倒裝句；不定式作定語(yǔ)以及連接詞as a result等。
連句成篇(將以上句子連成一篇50詞左右的英語(yǔ)短文)
By referring to relevant learning materials on the Internet，not only can I work out the problem，but also I can improve my ability to overcome problems all by myself.As a result，I have made steady progress in my studies.
1．efficient adj.效率高的 efficiency n．效率 effective adj.有效的 effect n．結(jié)果；影響 have an effect on對(duì)… …有影響 take effect見效；生效 come into effect開始生效
2．be modeled on模仿 model oneself on sb.以某人為榜樣 fashion model時(shí)裝模特兒
3．with ease容易地 at ease放松地 put sb.at ease使某人放松 ease sb.of...減輕某人的……
4．back up 支持 back away后退 at the back of在……后面 back and forth來(lái)來(lái)回回
5．It was like a race，but one could never finish this race because one was always trying to keep up.
本句是由but連接的并列句，在后一分句中包含一個(gè)由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
如何排除閱讀理解中的干擾項(xiàng)？
在一般情況下，先排除一兩個(gè)絕對(duì)不可能的選項(xiàng)，然后在剩下的選項(xiàng)中靠自己的直覺選擇一個(gè)，這樣就提高了答題的正確率。遇到難以解答的題目，不要驚慌失措，也不要在該題上花費(fèi)過(guò)多的時(shí)間，可以等完成其他題目后再來(lái)做該題。
最后解答此題時(shí)，考生可再回到文章中，對(duì)有相似性的選項(xiàng)再分辨，利用命題者設(shè)題的常用干擾方法進(jìn)行排除。
答題三忌：
一忌主觀臆斷
高考考試時(shí)間緊，題量大，很多考生閱讀理解題得分率較低的主要原因就是為了節(jié)約時(shí)間，不根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，憑主觀判斷或印象選擇，可能會(huì)將無(wú)中生有、偷梁換柱、張冠李戴、斷章取義等方法設(shè)計(jì)的干擾項(xiàng)確定為正確答案，導(dǎo)致失分。如B篇第6題答案A和B極易混淆，若不認(rèn)真讀文章，僅從主觀判斷或印象考慮，易錯(cuò)選A，但從文章的前兩句“In the United States，when one becomes rich，he wants people to know it.And even if he does not become very rich，he wants people to think that he is.”可知正確答案為B。
二忌妄加推斷
考生容易犯的另一種錯(cuò)誤是妄加推斷。考生將文章未涉及的內(nèi)容也包括進(jìn)去，認(rèn)為是正確答案，或在文章基礎(chǔ)上隨意推測(cè)原本未發(fā)生的情況發(fā)生。無(wú)中生有的干擾項(xiàng)就是給這些考生設(shè)置的陷阱。
三忌見樹不見林
考生還容易犯的錯(cuò)誤是見樹不見林。他們只看到原文的具體細(xì)節(jié)，沒(méi)有從大局出發(fā)了解文章的整體意思，未能準(zhǔn)確把握作者的意圖，被涉及細(xì)節(jié)的選項(xiàng)所蒙蔽，造成錯(cuò)誤。
