2024高考英語(yǔ)二輪閱讀理解講與練（答案）--購(gòu)物、飲食與健康（1）

　　【黃岡中學(xué)期中測(cè)試】

　　Doomed beauties such as Cleopata and Manilyn Monroe were far from alone in their misery. Very attractive people tend to form partnerships that are less stable and satisfying than those enjoyed by plain_Janes .

　　According to the research by Dr John Blaine of the University of Southern California, relationships between people whose professions largely depend on their appearance, such as models or actors, tend to end much faster than those between lawyers, doctors and students.

　　Blaine said the beautiful felt different from children. They are treated as special, which may create both arrogance (傲慢)and insecurity. All too often, beauty can be used as an alternative to education. Often they are pushed out of their class or town, told to go off and make their fortune in Hollywood or London and, when the majority fail, they have few talents to make a living.

　　Blaine added that beautiful people score poorly on the “big five”—the key factors American experts consider when helping distressed couples. These are neuroticism(神經(jīng)過(guò)敏)，including anger and anxiety; extroversion(性格外向)；openness to new experiences; agreeableness; conscientiousness, and sticking by agreements they have made. Attractive people often see no reason to try to change until their looks start to fade.

　　Krista Sutherlanf, of the University of California Los Angeles, said partnerships that appeared to be perfect from the outside, such as the former “dream teams” of Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise or Hugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley, where backgrounds and aspirations(抱負(fù)) are often shared ，did not necessarily lead to happiness.

　　1．What can we infer from the first sentence of the passage?

　　A．Beautiful women always felt lonely.

　　B．Beautiful women were always alone.

　　C．Many beautiful women didn’t end up with a happy life.

　　D．Beautiful women always lived a happy life.

　　2．The underlined phrase “plain Janes” in the passage refers to“________”．

　　A．ordinarylooking women

　　B．women called Jane

　　C．common people

　　D．a(chǎn)ttractive women

　　3．We can infer from the passage that________.

　　A．Hugh Grant and Elizabeth Hurley were a couple

　　B．Nicole Kidman and Tom Cruise were very satisfied with their life

　　C．when they fail in Hollywood, the beautiful have little trouble in making a living

　　D．the marriage of the beautiful often lasts long

　　4．Which of the following is the best title?

　　A．Five key factors affecting the partnership

　　B．Beauties are doomed to fail in love

　　C．Beautiful or common?

　　D．The beauties are different

　　【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文為議論文，作者論證了這樣一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：美女并不幸福。

　　1. 答案C

　　解析：考查推理判斷。第一段說(shuō)漂亮的人，其partnership 往往不如普通人的穩(wěn)定和讓人滿意，由此判斷，文章開(kāi)頭說(shuō)“克萊奧帕特拉和瑪麗蓮?夢(mèng)露等美女的悲慘命運(yùn)絕非個(gè)例”意在表明“很多美女的生活都不幸福”。

　　2. 答案A

　　解析：考查詞義猜測(cè)題。從語(yǔ)境看，畫線部分的plain Janes 指與前面提到的美女相對(duì)的、相貌平常的女性，因此選A。

　　3. 答案A

　　解析：考查推理判斷。最后一段說(shuō)，外界看上去很完美的關(guān)系，比如……未必最終有幸福的結(jié)局。再結(jié)合上文論述可判斷Hugh Grant和Elizabeth Hurley是夫妻關(guān)系，故選A，其他選項(xiàng)都與文章內(nèi)容不符。

　　4. 答案B

　　解析：考查主旨大意。文章主要論述了美女命運(yùn)多舛的觀點(diǎn)，并分析了其中的原因，故B項(xiàng)最適合為本文標(biāo)題。

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　　大特點(diǎn)。

　　2. 購(gòu)物與環(huán)保問(wèn)題的結(jié)合。

　　3. 指導(dǎo)如何很好的購(gòu)物，提供使用建議。

　　4. 假日旅游等的購(gòu)物和飲食問(wèn)題。

　　5. 飲食安全問(wèn)題的曝光以及人們?nèi)绾巫⒁怙嬍嘲踩珕?wèn)題。

　　5．如何保持健康的身體，快樂(lè)的心情，構(gòu)建心理健康。

　　6．飲食與健康的關(guān)系。

　　7. 肥胖，睡眠，早餐等與飲食和健康有關(guān)的話題。

　　·鏈接高考– the slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing. Sport events are the most popular weekend programs, especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week. This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.

　　Media corporations also use sports to attract commercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports. The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers. They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of computers, cars and life insurance.

　　Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming. These sports attract few viewers, and the ratings (收視率) are unusually low. However, the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers. It is made up of people from the highest income groups in the United States, including many lawyers and business managers, This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by companies selling high-priced cars, business and personal computers, and holiday trips. This is also why the networks continue to carry there programs regardless of low ratings. Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach high-income consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “company cars” and computers. With such viewers, these programs don’t need high ratings to stay on the air.

　　41. Television sport programs on weekend afternoons ________.

　　A. result in more sport events

　　B. get more viewers to play sports

　　C. make more people interested in television

　　D. bring more money to the television networks

　　42. Why would weekend afternoons become dead time without sport programs?

　　A. Because there would be few viewers.

　　B. Because the advertisers would be off work.

　　C. Because television programs would go slowly.

　　D. Because viewers would pay less for watching television.

　　43. In many families, men make decisions on ________.

　　A. holiday trips

　　B. sports viewing

　　C. televisions shopping

　　D. expensive purchases

　　44. The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because ________.

　　A. their advertisers are carmakers

　　B. their viewers are attracted by sports

　　C. their advertisers target at rich people

　　D. their viewers can afford expensive cars

　　45. What is the passage mainly about?

　　A. Television ratings are determined by male viewers.

　　B. Rich viewers contribute most to television companies.

　　C. Sports are gaining importance in advertising on television.

　　D. Commercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events.

　　【難度】一般

　　鏈接2 .（2024江蘇卷）

　　Medical drugs sometimes cause more damage than they cure. One solution to this problem is to put the drugs inside a capsule, protecting them from the body—and the body from them—until they can be released at just the right spot. There are lots of ways to trigger(引發(fā)) this release, including changing temperature, acidity, and so on. But triggers can come with their own risks—burns, for example. Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light (NIR,近紅外線) on the drug in the capsule.

　　The idea of using light to liberate the drug in the capsule isn't new. Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外線) or visible light. But tissues also readily absorb UV and visible light, which means the drug release can be triggered only near the skin, where the light can reach the capsule. NIR light largely passes through tissues, so researchers have tried to use it as a trigger. But few compounds(化合物) absorb NIR well and go through chemical changes.

　　That changed last year when Adah Almutairi, a chemist at the University of California, San Diego, reported that she and her colleagues had designed a polymer that breaks down when it absorbs NIR light. Their polymer used a commercially available NIR-absorbing group called o-nitrobenzyl (ONB). When they catch the light, ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown. But ONB is only a so-so NIR absorber, and it could be poisonous to cells when it separates from the polymer.

　　So Almutairi and her colleagues reported creating a new material for capsules that's even better. This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反應(yīng)的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature Almutairi and her colleagues use to their advantage. After polymerizing the cresols, they cap each reactive component with a light-absorbing compound called Bhc. When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed and break the long polymer into two short chains. Shining additional light continues this breakdown, potentially releasing any drugs in the capsule. What's more, Almutairi says, Bhc is 10 times better at absorbing NIR than is ONB and is not poisonous to cells.

　　63. According to the passage, which of the following could be the best trigger?

　　A. Temperature change. B. NIR light.

　　C. Acidity change. D. UV light.

　　64. Why in ONB unsatisfactory?

　　A. It breaks down when it absorbs NIR light.

　　B. It falls off the polymer and triggers drug release.

　　C. It has not come onto the market up till now.

　　D. It is not effective enough and could be poisonous.

　　65. Which word can be used to complete the following process of changes?

　　A. Protected

　　B. formed C. exposed D. combined

　　【考點(diǎn)】科技問(wèn)—說(shuō)明文

　　【文章大意】。本文是一篇科技文，圍繞“怎樣使用膠囊，讓吃藥更加安全、療效好”這個(gè)主題展開(kāi)研究。

　　63.【答案】B

　　【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Now, researchers in California have designed what could be a harmless trigger to date: shining near-infrared light on the drug in the capsule.”可知，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。

　　【難度】一般

　　64.【答案】D

　　【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句中“…ONB groups fall off the polymer, leading to its breakdown”和“…and it could be poisonous to cells…”可知，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。

　　【難度】較難

　　65.【答案】C

　　【試題解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第五句中“When the Bhcs absorb NIR light, the reactive groups are exposed…”可知此處用exposed，即C項(xiàng)正確。

　　【難度】一般

　　【長(zhǎng)難句解析】

　　Researchers around the globe have developed polymers (聚合物) and other materials that begin to break down when they absorb cither ultraviolet (UV,紫外線) or visible light.

　　本句是polymers (聚合物) and other materials的定語(yǔ)從句， when 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

　　This one consists of a long chain of compounds called cresol groups linked in a polymer. Cresol contains reactive(易反應(yīng)的) components that make it highly unstable in its polymeric form, a feature

　　本句是called動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾a long chain of compounds. 后面是reactive(易反應(yīng)的) components的定語(yǔ)從句

　　鏈接2 . （2024陜西卷）

　　Eating too much fatty food, exercising too little and smoking can raise your future risk of heart disease. But there is another factor that can cause your heart problems more immediately: the air you breathe.

　　Previous studies have linked high exposure(暴露) to environmental pollution to an increased risk of heart problems, but two analyses now show that poor air quality can lead to heart attack or stroke (中風(fēng)) within as little as a few hours after exposure. In one review of the research, scientists found that people exposed to high levels of pollutants (污染)were up to 5% more likely to suffer a heart attack within days of exposure than those with lower exposure. A separate study of stroke patients showed that even air that the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) considers to be of "moderate" (良好) quality and relatively safe for our health can raise the risk of stroke as much as 34% within 12 to 14 hours of exposure.

　　The authors of both studies stress that these risks are relatively small for healthy people and certainly modest compared with other risk factors such as smoking and high blood pressure. However, it is important to be aware of these dangers because everyone is exposed to air pollution regardless of lifestyle choices. So stricter regulation by the EPA of pollutants may not only improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.

　　53. The text mainly discusses the relationship between

　　A. heart problems and air quality

　　B. heart problems and exercising

　　C heart problems and smoking D. heart problems and fatty food

　　54. The underlined word "modest" in Paragraph 3 most probably means

　　A. relatively high B. extremely low

　　C relatively low D. extremely high

　　55. What can we learn from the text?

　　A. Eating fatty food has immediate effects on your heart.

　　B. The EPA conducted many studies on air quality.

　　C. Moderate air quality is more harmful than smoking.

　　D. Stricter regulations on pollutants should be made.

　　56. The author's purpose of writing the text is most likely to

　　.

　　A. inform B. persuade C describe . D. entertain

　　【考點(diǎn)】說(shuō)明文

　　【文章大意】吃太多高脂肪的食物，運(yùn)動(dòng)太少，吸煙可引發(fā)心臟疾病。但還有另一個(gè)因素improve environmental air quality but could also become necessary to protect public health.”。由此可推測(cè)，D選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容符合題意。因此，正確答案為D選項(xiàng)。

　　【難度】一般

　　56.【答案】A

　　【試題解析】瀏覽全文，作者寫這篇文章的目的實(shí)際上就是為了告之人們心臟病與空氣質(zhì)量之間的關(guān)系，A選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此，正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。

　　【難度】一般

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