6. Charles Babbage was considered ______ the first telephone.

　　A. inventing

　　B. having invented

　　C. to invent

　　D. to have invented 【解析】選D。此題容易誤選A或B。consider可表示“考慮”和“認(rèn)為”兩種意思。表示“考慮”時(shí)，其后不能接不定式，而接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；表示“認(rèn)為”時(shí)，則其后不接動(dòng)名詞，但可接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即用于“consider＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)，此題即為該結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。而且從時(shí)間上看，invent 應(yīng)在 be considered 之前，故應(yīng)用完成式，即 to have invented，故選D。 7. Please make my excuse at tomorrow's meeting — I've got too much work ______.

　　A. to do to come

　　B. doing coming

　　C. to do coming

　　D. doing to come 【解析】選A。不定式 to do 與 have got much work 搭配，即 have got much work to do (有許多工作要做)；不定式 to come 與 much 前的 too 搭配，構(gòu)成 too…to…句式，句意為“我有太多的工作要做，不能來(lái)”。 8. Whom would you rather ______ with you, Jim or Jack?

　　A. have go

　　B. have to go

　　C. have gone

　　D. has to go 【解析】選A。有的同學(xué)從一看選項(xiàng)便首先排除了A，認(rèn)為 have go 這種結(jié)構(gòu)本身就有問(wèn)題。而事實(shí)上此題的正確答案正是 A。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們先看下面一句： I would rather have Jim go with me. (我寧愿要吉姆同我一道去。) 句中的 have 為使役動(dòng)詞，所以其后用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式 go with me 不帶 to。假若對(duì)此句中的 Jim 提問(wèn)，就是 Whom would you rather have go with you? 9. We solved the problem by reducing our costs and ______ more money.

　　A. borrowed

　　B. borrowing

　　C. would borrow

　　D. had borrowed 【解析】選B。此題容易誤選A，認(rèn)為 borrowed more money 與 solved the problem 為并列謂語(yǔ)。其實(shí)，根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)選 B，即 borrowing more money與 reducing our costs并列。句意為“我們靠減少費(fèi)用和多借錢的辦法解決了問(wèn)題”。 10. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

　　A. carried out

　　B. carrying out

　　C. carry out

　　D. to carry out 【解析】選A。此題結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，正確的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是這樣的： that they would like to see ______ the next year 是修飾名詞 the plan 的定語(yǔ)從句，而在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞 that (指先行詞 the plan)用作動(dòng)詞 see 的賓語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)從句的本來(lái)面目便是 they would like to see the plan ______ the next year。顯然，其中的 the plan 與空格處的 carry out 有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞 carried out。 第6講

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　考點(diǎn)1：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)

　　______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.(2024·陜西卷 15)

　　A. Standing

　　B. To stand

　　C. Stood

　　D. Stand Ⅰ.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　【解析】選A。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后有逗號(hào)，說(shuō)明非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作題干的狀語(yǔ)。邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)we，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wait的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，用動(dòng)詞Verb-ing的一般式，選A。 考點(diǎn)2：獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ) ______you the truth, I feel like ______ to bed now.

　　A. Telling; going

　　B. To tell; going

　　C. Telling; to go

　　D. To tell; to go 【解析】選B。to tell you the truth作獨(dú)立成分；like是介詞，其后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 考點(diǎn)3：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 例1: ______ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (2024·重慶卷 23) A. Having been asked

　　B. To ask

　　C. Having asked

　　D. To be asked 【解析】選A。逗號(hào)前為原因狀語(yǔ)，空白處與句子的主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由此可排除B和C選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)常作目的和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，不作原因狀語(yǔ)，也可排除，而A選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)形式，可作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)等。 考點(diǎn)3：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 例2: George returned after the war, only ______ that his wife had left him. (2024·山東卷 26)

　　A. to be told

　　B. telling

　　C. being told

　　D. told

　　【解析】選A。此處only to do/be done表示意料之外的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)則表示自然的結(jié)果。這里George和tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用to be told。句意： 喬治戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后回到家，結(jié)果被告知妻子已經(jīng)離開了。 考點(diǎn)4：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能 3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

　　例1：Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ______. (2024·四川卷 12)

　　A. washed

　　B. wash

　　C. washing

　　D. to wash 【解析】選A?？疾檫^(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。此題中使役動(dòng)詞get后接的賓語(yǔ)car與作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞wash之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)： get sth. done。故答案選A。句意為： 在驅(qū)車進(jìn)城之前，你必須將你的車洗了。 考點(diǎn)4：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能 3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

　　例2：I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. (2024·四川卷 8)

　　A. to wind

　　B. wind

　　C. winding

　　D. wound 【解析】選C。此題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。winding its way與賓語(yǔ)snake之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且此動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故選C。 考點(diǎn)4：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能 4. 作定語(yǔ)：

　　例1：We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. (2024·重慶卷 28)

　　A. to be made

　　B. being made

　　C. made

　　D. having been made 【解析】選A。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處為后置定語(yǔ)，與被修飾的名詞是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。由此可知，表示被動(dòng)和將來(lái)的A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B表示被動(dòng)進(jìn)行；C表示被動(dòng)完成；D表示被動(dòng)完成，但不作定語(yǔ)。 考點(diǎn)4：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能 4. 作定語(yǔ)：

　　例2：After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ______. (2024·山東卷 35)

　　A. providing

　　B. provided

　　C. having provided

　　D. provide 【解析】選B。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處為后置定語(yǔ)，此處動(dòng)詞provide與其邏輯主語(yǔ)envelope之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，在句中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于which is provided。句意為： 完成并簽名后，請(qǐng)把表格放入我們提供的信封內(nèi)送回。 考點(diǎn)4：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能 5. 不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：

　　Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______ his plane high up in the sky. (2024·四川卷 6)

　　A. finding

　　B. to find

　　C. being found

　　D. to have found 【解析】選B。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為： 湯姆乘的士趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已經(jīng)飛入高空了。此處only后接動(dòng)詞不定式表示意想不到的結(jié)果。 考點(diǎn)5: 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的省略形式

　　Film has a much shorter history, especially when ______ such art forms as music and painting. (2024·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷 32)

　　A. having compared to

　　B. comparing to

　　C. compare to

　　D. compared to 【解析】選D。此處是被省略的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于 when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting。film和compare之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。句意： 電影的歷史短的多，尤其是當(dāng)它和像音樂和繪畫這樣的藝術(shù)形式相比時(shí)。 考點(diǎn)6: 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) The party will be held in the garden, weather ______. (2024·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷 28)

　　A. permitting

　　B. to permit

　　C. permitted

　　D. permit 【解析】選A。此處前后主語(yǔ)不一致，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。weather與permit之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意： 如果天氣允許，聚會(huì)將在花園舉行。 Ⅱ. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　例1：The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ___them. (2024·遼寧卷 25)

　　A. to follow

　　B. following

　　C. followed

　　D. follows 【解析】選B。with的賓語(yǔ)后面可加形容詞、副詞、分詞、不定式、名詞等作賓補(bǔ)，這里pet dog與follow構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，所以用following。 例2：With his mother ______ him, he is getting on well with his work.

　　A. help

　　B. to help

　　C. helping

　　D. helped 【解析】選C。這是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)， his mother與help是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以排除D, 如選B則有將來(lái)的意思，顯然不合語(yǔ)境，選C表示“他的媽媽一直在幫他”， 正合句意。 1. Considering the dangerous situation, they asked for ______ another meeting.

　　A. there be

　　B. there to be

　　C. there being

　　D. there was 易錯(cuò)題筆記 【解析】選B。此題很容易誤選C，因?yàn)榭瞻浊坝薪樵~ for。但是正確答案應(yīng)是B。在通常情況下，there be 結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在介詞后時(shí)，要用 there being 的形式，但這有一個(gè)例外，就是在介詞 for之后只能用there to be。比較：

　　They planned on there being another meeting.

　　他們打算再開一次會(huì)議。 They planned for there to be another meeting.

　　他們打算再開一次會(huì)議。 2. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until ______ to.

　　A. spoken

　　B. speaking

　　C. speak

　　D. be spoken 【解析】選A。此題容易誤B，認(rèn)為until 是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞形式。其實(shí)，此題應(yīng)選A，until spoken to 為 until he is spoken to 之省略。句意為“他是個(gè)沉默寡言的人，除非別人同他說(shuō)話，否則他很少說(shuō)話”。按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，一些表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式、 讓步等的狀語(yǔ)從句，若其主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)包含動(dòng)詞be, 那么可將從句的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞be省略。 例如： You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old. 趁年輕時(shí)要努力學(xué)習(xí)，不然到老了你會(huì)后悔的。 I won't go unless (I am) invited. 我不會(huì)去， 除非請(qǐng)我。 3. ______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

　　A. Found

　　B. Founded

　　C. Founding

　　D. Being founded 【解析】選B。但容易誤選A。比較： find 意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞均為 found。found意為“建立”，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞均為 founded。 4. I found I could easily make myself ______ by using sign language.

　　A. understood

　　B. understand

　　C. to understand

　　D. being understood 【解析】選A。但容易誤選B，即硬套“make ＋ 名詞或代詞 ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。但是該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞應(yīng)與其后動(dòng)詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而對(duì)于此題，myself 與其后的動(dòng)詞 understand 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。 5. The husband advised ______ to the south, but his wife advised him ______ up the idea.

　　A. moving; giving

　　B. to move; to give

　　C. moving; to give

　　D. to move; giving 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選A。advise 后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式；但若其后接的動(dòng)詞前有賓語(yǔ)，此動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則此動(dòng)詞要用不定式。

　　6. Charles Babbage was considered ______ the first telephone.

　　A. inventing

　　B. having invented

　　C. to invent

　　D. to have invented 【解析】選D。此題容易誤選A或B。consider可表示“考慮”和“認(rèn)為”兩種意思。表示“考慮”時(shí)，其后不能接不定式，而接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)；表示“認(rèn)為”時(shí)，則其后不接動(dòng)名詞，但可接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，即用于“consider＋賓語(yǔ)＋不定式”的結(jié)構(gòu)，此題即為該結(jié)構(gòu)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。而且從時(shí)間上看，invent 應(yīng)在 be considered 之前，故應(yīng)用完成式，即 to have invented，故選D。 7. Please make my excuse at tomorrow's meeting — I've got too much work ______.

　　A. to do to come

　　B. doing coming

　　C. to do coming

　　D. doing to come 【解析】選A。不定式 to do 與 have got much work 搭配，即 have got much work to do (有許多工作要做)；不定式 to come 與 much 前的 too 搭配，構(gòu)成 too…to…句式，句意為“我有太多的工作要做，不能來(lái)”。 8. Whom would you rather ______ with you, Jim or Jack?

　　A. have go

　　B. have to go

　　C. have gone

　　D. has to go 【解析】選A。有的同學(xué)從一看選項(xiàng)便首先排除了A，認(rèn)為 have go 這種結(jié)構(gòu)本身就有問(wèn)題。而事實(shí)上此題的正確答案正是 A。請(qǐng)同學(xué)們先看下面一句： I would rather have Jim go with me. (我寧愿要吉姆同我一道去。) 句中的 have 為使役動(dòng)詞，所以其后用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的不定式 go with me 不帶 to。假若對(duì)此句中的 Jim 提問(wèn)，就是 Whom would you rather have go with you? 9. We solved the problem by reducing our costs and ______ more money.

　　A. borrowed

　　B. borrowing

　　C. would borrow

　　D. had borrowed 【解析】選B。此題容易誤選A，認(rèn)為 borrowed more money 與 solved the problem 為并列謂語(yǔ)。其實(shí)，根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)選 B，即 borrowing more money與 reducing our costs并列。句意為“我們靠減少費(fèi)用和多借錢的辦法解決了問(wèn)題”。 10. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.

　　A. carried out

　　B. carrying out

　　C. carry out

　　D. to carry out 【解析】選A。此題結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，正確的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是這樣的： that they would like to see ______ the next year 是修飾名詞 the plan 的定語(yǔ)從句，而在這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞 that (指先行詞 the plan)用作動(dòng)詞 see 的賓語(yǔ)，所以定語(yǔ)從句的本來(lái)面目便是 they would like to see the plan ______ the next year。顯然，其中的 the plan 與空格處的 carry out 有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)填過(guò)去分詞 carried out。 第6講

　　非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　考點(diǎn)1：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)

　　______ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.(2024·陜西卷 15)

　　A. Standing

　　B. To stand

　　C. Stood

　　D. Stand Ⅰ.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

　　【解析】選A。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)后有逗號(hào)，說(shuō)明非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作題干的狀語(yǔ)。邏輯主語(yǔ)是句子的主語(yǔ)we，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語(yǔ)是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，且其動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞wait的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，用動(dòng)詞Verb-ing的一般式，選A。 考點(diǎn)2：獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ) ______you the truth, I feel like ______ to bed now.

　　A. Telling; going

　　B. To tell; going

　　C. Telling; to go

　　D. To tell; to go 【解析】選B。to tell you the truth作獨(dú)立成分；like是介詞，其后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。 考點(diǎn)3：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 例1: ______ to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film. (2024·重慶卷 23) A. Having been asked

　　B. To ask

　　C. Having asked

　　D. To be asked 【解析】選A。逗號(hào)前為原因狀語(yǔ)，空白處與句子的主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由此可排除B和C選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)常作目的和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，不作原因狀語(yǔ)，也可排除，而A選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)形式，可作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)等。 考點(diǎn)3：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 例2: George returned after the war, only ______ that his wife had left him. (2024·山東卷 26)

　　A. to be told

　　B. telling

　　C. being told

　　D. told

　　【解析】選A。此處only to do/be done表示意料之外的結(jié)果；現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)則表示自然的結(jié)果。這里George和tell之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用to be told。句意： 喬治戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)后回到家，結(jié)果被告知妻子已經(jīng)離開了。 考點(diǎn)4：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能 3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

　　例1：Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car ______. (2024·四川卷 12)

　　A. washed

　　B. wash

　　C. washing

　　D. to wash 【解析】選A。考查過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。此題中使役動(dòng)詞get后接的賓語(yǔ)car與作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞wash之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)： get sth. done。故答案選A。句意為： 在驅(qū)車進(jìn)城之前，你必須將你的車洗了。 考點(diǎn)4：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能 3. 作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：

　　例2：I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast. (2024·四川卷 8)

　　A. to wind

　　B. wind

　　C. winding

　　D. wound 【解析】選C。此題考查現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。winding its way與賓語(yǔ)snake之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系且此動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，故選C。 考點(diǎn)4：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能 4. 作定語(yǔ)：

　　例1：We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will influence the future of our company. (2024·重慶卷 28)

　　A. to be made

　　B. being made

　　C. made

　　D. having been made 【解析】選A。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處為后置定語(yǔ)，與被修飾的名詞是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，而且是將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。由此可知，表示被動(dòng)和將來(lái)的A選項(xiàng)符合題意。B表示被動(dòng)進(jìn)行；C表示被動(dòng)完成；D表示被動(dòng)完成，但不作定語(yǔ)。 考點(diǎn)4：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能 4. 作定語(yǔ)：

　　例2：After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ______. (2024·山東卷 35)

　　A. providing

　　B. provided

　　C. having provided

　　D. provide 【解析】選B。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處為后置定語(yǔ)，此處動(dòng)詞provide與其邏輯主語(yǔ)envelope之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，在句中作定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于which is provided。句意為： 完成并簽名后，請(qǐng)把表格放入我們提供的信封內(nèi)送回。 考點(diǎn)4：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的句法功能 5. 不定式與現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：

　　Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ______ his plane high up in the sky. (2024·四川卷 6)

　　A. finding

　　B. to find

　　C. being found

　　D. to have found 【解析】選B。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為： 湯姆乘的士趕到機(jī)場(chǎng)，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已經(jīng)飛入高空了。此處only后接動(dòng)詞不定式表示意想不到的結(jié)果。 考點(diǎn)5: 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的省略形式

　　Film has a much shorter history, especially when ______ such art forms as music and painting. (2024·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷 32)

　　A. having compared to

　　B. comparing to

　　C. compare to

　　D. compared to 【解析】選D。此處是被省略的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，相當(dāng)于 when film is compared to such art forms as music and painting。film和compare之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞。句意： 電影的歷史短的多，尤其是當(dāng)它和像音樂和繪畫這樣的藝術(shù)形式相比時(shí)。 考點(diǎn)6: 獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) The party will be held in the garden, weather ______. (2024·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷 28)

　　A. permitting

　　B. to permit

　　C. permitted

　　D. permit 【解析】選A。此處前后主語(yǔ)不一致，構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。weather與permit之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。句意： 如果天氣允許，聚會(huì)將在花園舉行。 Ⅱ. with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

　　例1：The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ___them. (2024·遼寧卷 25)

　　A. to follow

　　B. following

　　C. followed

　　D. follows 【解析】選B。with的賓語(yǔ)后面可加形容詞、副詞、分詞、不定式、名詞等作賓補(bǔ)，這里pet dog與follow構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，所以用following。 例2：With his mother ______ him, he is getting on well with his work.

　　A. help

　　B. to help

　　C. helping

　　D. helped 【解析】選C。這是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)， his mother與help是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，所以排除D, 如選B則有將來(lái)的意思，顯然不合語(yǔ)境，選C表示“他的媽媽一直在幫他”， 正合句意。 1. Considering the dangerous situation, they asked for ______ another meeting.

　　A. there be

　　B. there to be

　　C. there being

　　D. there was 易錯(cuò)題筆記 【解析】選B。此題很容易誤選C，因?yàn)榭瞻浊坝薪樵~ for。但是正確答案應(yīng)是B。在通常情況下，there be 結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)在介詞后時(shí)，要用 there being 的形式，但這有一個(gè)例外，就是在介詞 for之后只能用there to be。比較：

　　They planned on there being another meeting.

　　他們打算再開一次會(huì)議。 They planned for there to be another meeting.

　　他們打算再開一次會(huì)議。 2. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until ______ to.

　　A. spoken

　　B. speaking

　　C. speak

　　D. be spoken 【解析】選A。此題容易誤B，認(rèn)為until 是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞形式。其實(shí)，此題應(yīng)選A，until spoken to 為 until he is spoken to 之省略。句意為“他是個(gè)沉默寡言的人，除非別人同他說(shuō)話，否則他很少說(shuō)話”。按英語(yǔ)習(xí)慣，一些表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、方式、 讓步等的狀語(yǔ)從句，若其主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)包含動(dòng)詞be, 那么可將從句的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞be省略。 例如： You must study hard while (you are) young, or you will regret when (you are) old. 趁年輕時(shí)要努力學(xué)習(xí)，不然到老了你會(huì)后悔的。 I won't go unless (I am) invited. 我不會(huì)去， 除非請(qǐng)我。 3. ______ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.

　　A. Found

　　B. Founded

　　C. Founding

　　D. Being founded 【解析】選B。但容易誤選A。比較： find 意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞均為 found。found意為“建立”，其過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞均為 founded。 4. I found I could easily make myself ______ by using sign language.

　　A. understood

　　B. understand

　　C. to understand

　　D. being understood 【解析】選A。但容易誤選B，即硬套“make ＋ 名詞或代詞 ＋ 動(dòng)詞原形”這一結(jié)構(gòu)。但是該結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞或代詞應(yīng)與其后動(dòng)詞有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，而對(duì)于此題，myself 與其后的動(dòng)詞 understand 是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此時(shí)的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)。 5. The husband advised ______ to the south, but his wife advised him ______ up the idea.

　　A. moving; giving

　　B. to move; to give

　　C. moving; to give

　　D. to move; giving 【解析】選C。此題容易誤選A。advise 后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用動(dòng)名詞，不用不定式；但若其后接的動(dòng)詞前有賓語(yǔ)，此動(dòng)詞用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)，則此動(dòng)詞要用不定式。