專題三　特殊句式及固定搭配 考點(diǎn)一 特殊句式 一、倒裝句 【典例1】 Only when he reached the tea-house he realize it was the same place he’d been in last year.? 答案及剖析:did　考查倒裝。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)該填助動(dòng)詞did,構(gòu)成倒裝句。句意:只有當(dāng)他到達(dá)茶館時(shí),他才意識(shí)到他去年也來過這家茶館。only修飾狀語從句when he reached the tea-house放在句首,主句要用部分倒裝語序,根據(jù)語境為一般過去時(shí),所以填助動(dòng)詞did。 【典例2】 At no time they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.? 答案及剖析:did　考查倒裝。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處應(yīng)該填助動(dòng)詞did,構(gòu)成倒裝句。句意:他們事實(shí)上根本沒有違反游戲規(guī)則,懲罰他們是不公平的。at no time意思是“絕不,根本不”。當(dāng)含有否定詞的介詞短語位于句首時(shí),句子要用部分倒裝語序,根據(jù)語境為一般過去時(shí),所以填助動(dòng)詞did。 名師在線

　　(1)在英語中,把謂語全部放在主語之前的倒裝句,稱為完全倒裝句。常見

　　的完全倒裝句有以下幾種:

　　①在there引導(dǎo)的句子中,謂語是be,exist,live,lie等表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞

　　時(shí),用完全倒裝句。

　　②地點(diǎn)狀語位于句首,主語為名詞且謂語為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),用完全倒裝句。

　　③作表語的形容詞、分詞或介詞短語置于句首時(shí),用完全倒裝句。

　　④表示地點(diǎn)和動(dòng)作轉(zhuǎn)移的副詞,如:here,there,up,down,in,away,out等置

　　于句首且主語是名詞時(shí),句子用完全倒裝。

　　注意:當(dāng)主語是代詞時(shí),不倒裝。如:

　　Here comes the bus./Here it comes. (2)在英語中,把助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞移到主語之前稱為部分倒裝。常見的部分

　　倒裝句有以下幾種:

　　①當(dāng)so/neither/nor位于句首時(shí),可將其后的部分謂語置于主語之前,構(gòu)成部分

　　倒裝。

　　②“only+狀語/狀語從句”位于句首時(shí),主句中的主語和謂語要部分倒裝。

　　③表示否定意義的副詞或介詞短語放在句首時(shí)要部分倒裝。此類副詞或介詞短語

　　主要有not,little,hardly,never,by no means,on no condition,in no case,

　　nowhere,seldom,nor等。

　　④在含有had/were/should的虛擬條件句中,可以省略if,將 had/were/should放在

　　主語之前,構(gòu)成部分倒裝。

　　⑤hardly...when...,no sooner...than...,not only...but also...等引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)

　　分句,且hardly,no sooner,not only等提到句首時(shí),前一個(gè)分句用部分倒裝,后

　　一個(gè)分句不變。

　　⑥在so...that...句式中,如果so引導(dǎo)的部分位于句首,主句中的主語和謂語需要

　　部分倒裝。

　　⑦as/though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中,將表語置于句首構(gòu)成部分倒裝。 二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 【典例3】It was not until near the end of the letter she mentioned her own plan.? 答案及剖析:that　本題考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此處構(gòu)成not until的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,應(yīng)填that。句意:直到將近信的結(jié)尾她才提到自己的計(jì)劃。本題為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為not until near the end of the letter。原句為:She didn’t mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.。 【典例4】 was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber was rescued.? 答案及剖析:It　考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中it的用法。根據(jù)語境可知,此處構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,應(yīng)填代詞it。句意:正是在當(dāng)?shù)貙?dǎo)游的幫助下,這個(gè)登山者才得以獲救。 名師在線

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為:It is/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who...。在這個(gè)句型中,it沒有詞匯意義,只是引出被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分。如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是表示人的詞,用who或that來連接都可以。如果是其他成分,則一律用that來連接。被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜,容易與其他從句混淆。區(qū)分的方法是把句中的It is/was和that/who去掉,如果句子成立,且句意通順,就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,否則就不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。如:It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China.去掉It is和that/who,還原為Jane has been living in London since she left China.作為句子完全成立,由此可以判斷該句為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。 使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的幾個(gè)注意事項(xiàng): (1)被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是主語,who/that之后的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該在人稱和數(shù)上與原句中的主語保持

　　一致。

　　It is I who am right.

　　對(duì)的是我。

　　It is he who is wrong.

　　錯(cuò)的是他。

　　It is the students who are lovely.

　　可愛的是學(xué)生們。 (2)被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分即使是在句子中作時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語、原因狀語等,也不能用when,where,

　　because,而要用that。

　　It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his

　　research work again.

　　正是在戰(zhàn)后愛因斯坦才得以重返研究工作。

　　It was in front of the bank that the lady was robbed.

　　那位女士是在銀行前面遭遇搶劫的。

　　It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.

　　他是因?yàn)橄麓笥陙硗淼摹?/p>

　　(3)被強(qiáng)調(diào)成分是作主語的代詞時(shí)用主格,是作賓語的代詞時(shí)用賓格。

　　It was he that helped me yesterday.

　　昨天是他幫助了我。

　　It was me that he helped yesterday.

　　他昨天幫助的是我。 (4)被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分既包括人又包括物,用that不用who。

　　It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking

　　about.

　　他們談?wù)摰氖撬麄冇浀玫娜撕褪隆?易混易錯(cuò) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與主語從句、狀語從句、定語從句的區(qū)別 1.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與主語從句的比較

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句型將句子中的it is/was與that/who同時(shí)省去,句子仍然成立;

　　而包含主語從句的句子用that從句代替it,句子成立。如:

　　It was Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday.

　　你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。

　　(本句若將It was 及that同時(shí)省去為:You met Li Lei’s brother in

　　the street yesterday.句子同樣成立,因此本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。)

　　It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up ShenzhouⅩ.

　　我們成功地發(fā)射了神舟十號(hào)這件事情真令人興奮。(本句若將It is 及

　　that同時(shí)省去為:We have succeeded exciting in sending up

　　Shenzhou Ⅹ.顯然句子錯(cuò)誤,因此,本句不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,that引導(dǎo)主語從

　　句,it是形式主語。) 2.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語從句的比較

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it沒有實(shí)際意義,it is/was與that/who去掉后句子結(jié)構(gòu)仍

　　然完整。但定語從句中的it be和作主語的that去掉后句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。 3.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與狀語從句的比較

　　強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中的it is/was與that/who同時(shí)省去,句子仍然成立;而包含狀語

　　從句的句子it是主語。如:

　　It was 8 o’clock when they went home.

　　他們回家時(shí)是8點(diǎn)。

　　(句中代詞it作主語,指代時(shí)間,when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句)

　　It was at 8 o’clock that they went home.

　　他們是在8點(diǎn)回家的。

　　(at 8 o’clock是被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分,本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型) 【變式訓(xùn)練】 完成句子 1.It was at midnight I got back home yesterday.?

　　It was midnight I got back home yesterday.? 2.It was in 1998 he was in middle school.?

　　It was in 1998, he was in middle school.? 3.It was two years ago I began to learn English.?

　　It is two years I began to learn English.? 答案:1.that;when　2.that;when　3.that;since 三、祈使句 【典例5】 (knock) at the door before you enter my room, please.? 答案及剖析:Knock　考查祈使句。分析句子成分可知,空格前沒有主語,后面有before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句,由此可判斷,此處構(gòu)成祈使句,所以填knock。 【典例6】 Work hard you will fail the exam.? 答案及剖析:or　根據(jù)語境可知,此處構(gòu)成常用句型“祈使句+and/or you will/won’t...”。根據(jù)句意“努力學(xué)習(xí),否則你會(huì)考試不及格的”可知,用or。 四、狀語從句中句子成分的省略 【典例7】 When (ask) for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.? 答案及剖析:asked　考查省略及非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)語境可知,此處是由When he was asked for his views about his teaching job省略he和was變化而來,所以填提示詞的過去分詞形式,表被動(dòng)。句意:當(dāng)被問及他對(duì)他的教學(xué)工作有何看法時(shí),菲利普說他覺得很有趣,值得做。 【典例8】Unless (invite),he won’t come to the party. 答案及剖析:invited　考查省略及非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。根據(jù)語境可知,此處是由Unless he is invited省略he和is變化而來,所以填提示詞的過去分詞形式,表被動(dòng)。句意:除非受到邀請(qǐng),否則他不會(huì)來參加聚會(huì)。 名師在線

　　在以when,while,if,though(although),as,whether,once等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、讓步等狀語從句中,如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致或從句的主語為it,而且從句的謂語又包含be動(dòng)詞時(shí),可以省略從句中“主語+be動(dòng)詞”部分。 易混易錯(cuò)

　　狀語從句的省略條件 狀語從句的省略是常見的考點(diǎn),在時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句和讓步狀語從句中最為常見。如: If (it is ) possible,I will go with him to the Sahara Desert. 如果有可能,我就和他一塊去撒哈拉大沙漠。 The girl is better,though (she is) not yet cured. 女孩好點(diǎn)了,不過仍未痊愈。 If (you are) asked,you may come in. 如果被叫到,你可以進(jìn)來。 【變式訓(xùn)練】 完成句子 1.It was a nice meal, (盡管

　　有點(diǎn)兒貴).? 2.Generally speaking, .

　　(按照說明書服用的話),the drug has no side

　　effect. 答案:1.though (it was) a little expensive　2.when (it is) taken according to the instructions 考點(diǎn)二 固定搭配 1.常見詞組

　　as a matter of fact,be proud of,by the way,come from,according to,

　　congratulate...on...,devote...to...,earn one’s living,keep one’s word,make

　　up one’s mind,be concerned about...,catch up with...,keep an eye on...,

　　concentrate on...等。 2.特殊固定用法

　　keep...doing sth.,prevent...from doing...,like doing...,need doing,feel like

　　doing,get sth.done,have sth.done,have sb.doing/do sth.,enjoy doing,succeed in

　　doing等。 3.常用句型

　　so/such...that...,It is...(for sb./of sb.) to do sth.,There is no doubt/need

　　that...,There is no sense in doing sth.,neither...nor,either...or,It’s ( high)

　　time that sb.did/should do sth.,It is no good/use doing sth.,not only...but

　　also...,It is/was the first (second) time that sb.has done/had done sth.,It is

　　no wonder that...等。 【典例1】 When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough (cool) the house during the hot day; the same time,they warm up again for the night.(2024新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ) 答案及剖析:to cool;at　根據(jù)語境可知,第一空處應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式,構(gòu)成adj./adv.+enough to do結(jié)構(gòu),所以第一空填to cool;根據(jù)語境可知,第二空填介詞at,構(gòu)成短語at the same time,表示“同時(shí)”。 【典例2】Keep (hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.(2024遼寧) 答案及剖析:holding　根據(jù)語境可知,此處作動(dòng)詞keep的賓語,構(gòu)成固定搭配,keep doing sth.意思是“繼續(xù)做某事”因此填動(dòng)詞-ing形式。 【典例3】 I had an unusual conversation with a woman about physical limitations.Nancy suffered a serious disease and she could no longer walk.? 答案及剖析:from　考查固定詞組suffer from,表示“患……疾病”。 【典例4】 It took years of work (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.(2024新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ) 答案及剖析:to reduce　It takes/took (sb.)+...+to do sth.為固定句型,意思是“做某事花費(fèi)(某人)多長時(shí)間”。所以此處填動(dòng)詞不定式。 【典例5】 In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back. The (hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! ? 答案及剖析:harder　考查副詞比較級(jí)的用法。根據(jù)語境可知,此處構(gòu)成固定句型the more...,the more...,表示“越……就越……”,因此填提示詞的比較級(jí)形式。 【典例6】 “Sir,you didn’t even ask the other riders for help, why? What I had said ‘no’ and left you there?”the horseman asked.? 答案及剖析:if　考查固定句型What if...?表示“要是……將會(huì)怎么樣?” 名師在線

　　特殊句型結(jié)構(gòu)及固定搭配在語法填空中主要考查對(duì)其掌握的熟悉程度,所以我們要善于積累,牢記固定搭配和特殊句型,答題時(shí)注意固定搭配的介詞、名詞、動(dòng)詞的形式和特殊句型的形式主語、連接詞及相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的運(yùn)用等。 代詞it在特殊句型中非常活躍,所以考生需要特別注意包含it的常用句型: (1)用在動(dòng)詞 like,love,dislike,hate,appreciate等后作賓語。如:

　　I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.

　　我討厭人們滿嘴食物說話。 (2)作形式主語或形式賓語

　　①用于“It is+adj./n.+不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式或that從句”中。如:

　　It is certain that he will succeed.他一定會(huì)成功。

　　②用于“It seems/appears/happens/occurs to sb.+that 從句”中。如:

　　It occurred to me that I should ask the police for help.

　　我突然想起我應(yīng)該向警方求助。 ③用于“It looks as if/as though...”中。如:

　　It looks as if we’re going to miss the plane.

　　似乎我們要誤了班機(jī)了。 ④用于“It is+過去分詞+that從句”中。如:

　　It is believed that he will be admitted to Beijing University.

　　人們相信他將被北京大學(xué)錄取。 ⑤用于“think/find/make+it+adj./n.+不定式或動(dòng)詞-ing形式或 that從

　　句”中。如:

　　I make it a rule to walk two miles a day.

　　我通常每天步行兩英里路。 ⑥用于 take it for granted that...,bring it to one’s attention

　　that...,see to it that...等句型中。如:

　　We take it for granted that water is free at restaurants.

　　我們認(rèn)為在餐館里水免費(fèi)飲用是理所當(dāng)然的事情。

　　(3)構(gòu)成特定句型

　　①It is/has been...since...

　　It is almost ten years since he enjoyed himself so much.

　　將近有十年時(shí)間他沒這么高興過了。

　　②It was (not)/will(not) be...before...

　　It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.

　　不久他就感受到此處的危險(xiǎn)。

　　③It is sb.’s turn to do sth.

　　It’s my turn to look after the baby.輪到我看孩子了。 體驗(yàn)真題 (2024 遼寧)

　　閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Jonny:Hey!I’m just practicing Tai Chi(太極).Would you like to join me? Peter:I know nothing about it.Is it difficult? Jonny:It seems easy,but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this. Peter:OK.Don’t laugh 61. me.I may look funny.? Jonny:Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches,naturally and 62.　.

　　　(soft).Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly,then be sure to keep your balance and

　　don’t let your body shake.? Peter:I cannot control my body well.My legs become 63.(pain).? Jonny:Keep 64.(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let 65. stay in the air for seconds.? Peter:I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer. Jonny:Be patient!Tai Chi 66.(call)“shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water:to be flexible as well 67. strong.In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the

　　strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The 68.(hard) you try

　　to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you! ? Peter:Unbelievable!Oh...,69. you don’t mind,I’ll stop and take a deep 70..? 答案及剖析: 61.at　考查介詞的用法。此處構(gòu)成短語laugh at,意思是“嘲笑”。

　　62.softly　考查派生詞的用法。并列連詞and連接兩個(gè)相同詞性的詞,由此可知,此處和naturally并列,修飾動(dòng)詞,在句中作狀語,因此填提示詞的副詞形式softly。

　　63.painful　考查派生詞的用法。此處在句中作表語,應(yīng)填提示詞的形容詞形式painful。

　　64.holding　考查非謂語動(dòng)詞的用法。此處作動(dòng)詞keep的賓語。keep doing sth.意思是“繼續(xù)做某事”。

　　65.it　考查代詞的用法。此處指代上文的your leg,在句中作賓語,因此填it。