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高中英語 語法精講(Unit 12 Fact and fantasy)人教版

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高中英語 語法精講(Unit 12 Fact and fantasy)人教版

  語法精講 前綴與后綴

  在一個單詞前或后加上一個詞綴,變成一個新的詞,這種構詞法叫派生。詞綴有前綴和后綴兩種,加在單詞前的叫前綴,加在后面的叫后綴。

  1.前綴

  常見的前綴有:

  Auto自己的,獨自的:automobile

  Bi雙,兩個:bicycle,bilingual(雙語的)

  Dis(表否定)不,無:dislike;disable

  En,em-使成為:enable;encourage;embody

  Ex前任的,以前的:exwife(前妻)expresident(前任總統)

  Extra額外的:extraordinary(非凡的)

  extramarital(婚姻外的)

  in-,il-,im,ir,不,非:incomplete;

  illegal(非法的);immoral;irregular

  inter間,相互:international;interaction;

  mis誤:misunderstand;misbehave;misplace

  over太多,太過:overtime;overwork;overdo

  re重新,再:repeat;rewrite;reuse

  sub在……的下面,次于,低于:subway,

  subsoil,subtitle, subnormal

  tele遠距離:telephone;television

  under在……以下:underground

  2.名詞后綴

  -an/-ian 人:American,Italian, musician

  tion/-sion動作,狀態:determination

  ency/ence(抽象名詞):dependence;frequency

  -ee動作承受者或受影響者:employee(受雇者),refugee(難民)

  -eer人:engineer,volunteer

  er/-or(人或物):fighter,actor,cooker

  ess 女性actress;waitress

  -ism主義,……教:communism,socialism

  ist 主義者,從事某專業的人:socialist,

  typist, archaeologist

  ment 表行為,結果,狀態,物件,機構等:argument,instrument

  ship表狀態,身份:friendship,leadership,

  scholarship, relationship

  ty 表狀態,性質:plenty, difficulty, anxiety

  ure 表結果,行為,狀態及實物:pressure,picture,pleasure

  3.形容詞后綴

  -able/-ible能夠:unforgetable,responsible,

  edible,accessible

  al……的:natural,cultural,national,professional

  an/-ian人,地方的:Russian,American

  en由……制成的:woolen,wooden

  ern表方向:northern,southern

  ful充滿……的,有……性質的:careful,beautiful,useful

  ic/-ical 關于……的,有……性質,屬于……的:economic,electrical,political

  ish似……的,關于……國家(民族,語言):selfish,childish,British,foolish

  ive有……性質的,有……傾向的:

  attractive,talkative,impressive

  less 無,不:careless,useless

  ly像……的,有……性質的:friendly,weekly,manly

  ous充滿……的:hervous,dangerous,poisonous

  -wards 問……:downwards, backwards

  y 充滿……的,有……性質的:rainy,snowy,cloucly,noisy,clusty.

  4.動詞后綴

  -en 使成為:fasten,sharpen,shorten

  fy 使……化:satisfy,simplify

  ie/-ise使……變成:modernize,realize;

  industrialize

  5.副詞后綴

  -ly……地:carefully,quickly, highly

  ward(s)向……地:forward, upwards,

  downwards

  【考例1】I ______the present he bought me.

  A.dislike

  B.unlike

  C.inlike

  D.mislike

  解析:like的否定前綴是dis-。

  答案:A

  【考例2】Children should be encouraged to be

  thinkers.

  A.independent

  B.undependent

  C.dispendent

  D.misdependent

  解析:dependent 的否定前綴為in。

  答案:A

  【考例3】It set me thinking on the probable effect of my .

  A.disappearance

  B.unappearance

  C.offappearance

  D.ilappearance

  解析:appearance 的否定前綴為dis。

  答案:A

  【考例4】He was a scientist of reputation.

  A.internationed

  B.nation

  C.imnational

  D.international

  解析:reputation 為名詞,因此需要一形容詞作它的定語。nation的形容詞后綴為al;前綴inter表示互相之間。句意為“他是一個享有國際聲譽的科學家?!?/p>

  答案:D

  【考例5】The was fired by the boss for his being absence.

  A.employ

  B.employee

  C.employer

  D.employment

  解析:employ v.雇傭;employee

  n. 雇員;employer n. 雇主;employment n. 雇傭。句意為“因為曠工,那位雇員被老板解雇了”。

  答案:B

  【考例6】The black people were against slavery and fought for their bravely.

  A.free

  B.freely

  C.freedom

  D.freeway

  解析:形容詞性物主代詞的后面應使用名詞。free的名詞形式為freedom。

  答案:C

  【考例7】 Think of your family’s when you drive.

  A.safety

  B.save

  C.safe

  D.safely

  解析:safety

  n., save v.,safe adj.,safely adv.。

  答案:A

  【考例8】He went to bed and fell at once.

  A.sleepy

  B.sleeping

  C.asleep

  D.sleep

  解析:固定表達:fall asleep 入睡,睡著。

  答案:C

  【考例9】The spokesman never gave a answer to any question of the reporters.

  A.direction

  B.direct

  C.director

  D.directly

  解析:direction

  n.方向,指導;direct adj. 直接的,v.導演,指導;director n.導演;directly adv.直接地。名詞前應使用形容詞。

  答案:B

  【考例10】 In Brazil, to play football is the greatest dream among the poor in the cities.

  A.profession

  B.professional

  C.professionally

  D.professor

  解析:profession n.職業;professional adj.專業的;professionally adv.專業地;professor n.教授。professional football 職業籃球。

  答案:B

  【考例11】 Everyone is expected to lead an

  life according to rules laid down by the government.

  A.to order

  B.order

  C.disorder

  D.orderly

  解析:由句子結構可知,此處應填形容詞。orderly 雖以ly結尾,但為形容詞。

  答案:D

  【考例12】I can’t tell one from the other because they are only different.

  A.slight

  B.slighter

  C.slightly

  D.slightest

  解析:修飾形容詞應使用副詞。

  答案:C

  語法精講 前綴與后綴

  在一個單詞前或后加上一個詞綴,變成一個新的詞,這種構詞法叫派生。詞綴有前綴和后綴兩種,加在單詞前的叫前綴,加在后面的叫后綴。

  1.前綴

  常見的前綴有:

  Auto自己的,獨自的:automobile

  Bi雙,兩個:bicycle,bilingual(雙語的)

  Dis(表否定)不,無:dislike;disable

  En,em-使成為:enable;encourage;embody

  Ex前任的,以前的:exwife(前妻)expresident(前任總統)

  Extra額外的:extraordinary(非凡的)

  extramarital(婚姻外的)

  in-,il-,im,ir,不,非:incomplete;

  illegal(非法的);immoral;irregular

  inter間,相互:international;interaction;

  mis誤:misunderstand;misbehave;misplace

  over太多,太過:overtime;overwork;overdo

  re重新,再:repeat;rewrite;reuse

  sub在……的下面,次于,低于:subway,

  subsoil,subtitle, subnormal

  tele遠距離:telephone;television

  under在……以下:underground

  2.名詞后綴

  -an/-ian 人:American,Italian, musician

  tion/-sion動作,狀態:determination

  ency/ence(抽象名詞):dependence;frequency

  -ee動作承受者或受影響者:employee(受雇者),refugee(難民)

  -eer人:engineer,volunteer

  er/-or(人或物):fighter,actor,cooker

  ess 女性actress;waitress

  -ism主義,……教:communism,socialism

  ist 主義者,從事某專業的人:socialist,

  typist, archaeologist

  ment 表行為,結果,狀態,物件,機構等:argument,instrument

  ship表狀態,身份:friendship,leadership,

  scholarship, relationship

  ty 表狀態,性質:plenty, difficulty, anxiety

  ure 表結果,行為,狀態及實物:pressure,picture,pleasure

  3.形容詞后綴

  -able/-ible能夠:unforgetable,responsible,

  edible,accessible

  al……的:natural,cultural,national,professional

  an/-ian人,地方的:Russian,American

  en由……制成的:woolen,wooden

  ern表方向:northern,southern

  ful充滿……的,有……性質的:careful,beautiful,useful

  ic/-ical 關于……的,有……性質,屬于……的:economic,electrical,political

  ish似……的,關于……國家(民族,語言):selfish,childish,British,foolish

  ive有……性質的,有……傾向的:

  attractive,talkative,impressive

  less 無,不:careless,useless

  ly像……的,有……性質的:friendly,weekly,manly

  ous充滿……的:hervous,dangerous,poisonous

  -wards 問……:downwards, backwards

  y 充滿……的,有……性質的:rainy,snowy,cloucly,noisy,clusty.

  4.動詞后綴

  -en 使成為:fasten,sharpen,shorten

  fy 使……化:satisfy,simplify

  ie/-ise使……變成:modernize,realize;

  industrialize

  5.副詞后綴

  -ly……地:carefully,quickly, highly

  ward(s)向……地:forward, upwards,

  downwards

  【考例1】I ______the present he bought me.

  A.dislike

  B.unlike

  C.inlike

  D.mislike

  解析:like的否定前綴是dis-。

  答案:A

  【考例2】Children should be encouraged to be

  thinkers.

  A.independent

  B.undependent

  C.dispendent

  D.misdependent

  解析:dependent 的否定前綴為in。

  答案:A

  【考例3】It set me thinking on the probable effect of my .

  A.disappearance

  B.unappearance

  C.offappearance

  D.ilappearance

  解析:appearance 的否定前綴為dis。

  答案:A

  【考例4】He was a scientist of reputation.

  A.internationed

  B.nation

  C.imnational

  D.international

  解析:reputation 為名詞,因此需要一形容詞作它的定語。nation的形容詞后綴為al;前綴inter表示互相之間。句意為“他是一個享有國際聲譽的科學家?!?/p>

  答案:D

  【考例5】The was fired by the boss for his being absence.

  A.employ

  B.employee

  C.employer

  D.employment

  解析:employ v.雇傭;employee

  n. 雇員;employer n. 雇主;employment n. 雇傭。句意為“因為曠工,那位雇員被老板解雇了”。

  答案:B

  【考例6】The black people were against slavery and fought for their bravely.

  A.free

  B.freely

  C.freedom

  D.freeway

  解析:形容詞性物主代詞的后面應使用名詞。free的名詞形式為freedom。

  答案:C

  【考例7】 Think of your family’s when you drive.

  A.safety

  B.save

  C.safe

  D.safely

  解析:safety

  n., save v.,safe adj.,safely adv.。

  答案:A

  【考例8】He went to bed and fell at once.

  A.sleepy

  B.sleeping

  C.asleep

  D.sleep

  解析:固定表達:fall asleep 入睡,睡著。

  答案:C

  【考例9】The spokesman never gave a answer to any question of the reporters.

  A.direction

  B.direct

  C.director

  D.directly

  解析:direction

  n.方向,指導;direct adj. 直接的,v.導演,指導;director n.導演;directly adv.直接地。名詞前應使用形容詞。

  答案:B

  【考例10】 In Brazil, to play football is the greatest dream among the poor in the cities.

  A.profession

  B.professional

  C.professionally

  D.professor

  解析:profession n.職業;professional adj.專業的;professionally adv.專業地;professor n.教授。professional football 職業籃球。

  答案:B

  【考例11】 Everyone is expected to lead an

  life according to rules laid down by the government.

  A.to order

  B.order

  C.disorder

  D.orderly

  解析:由句子結構可知,此處應填形容詞。orderly 雖以ly結尾,但為形容詞。

  答案:D

  【考例12】I can’t tell one from the other because they are only different.

  A.slight

  B.slighter

  C.slightly

  D.slightest

  解析:修飾形容詞應使用副詞。

  答案:C

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