2024屆高中英語第1輪總復習 part2 第14講《跨越“單項填空”的命題陷阱》新人教版
單項填空是高考英語試卷的第一道題，如果能輕松拿下，就能帶著一份明快的心情向后面的試題進發；如果在此卡殼了，將直接影響后面的發揮。所以，精心備考單項填空十分重要。
但近年來，高考英語對學生的語言理解及運用能力要求日益提高，單項填空中，經常出現一些綜合性較強的陷阱題。如何跳出這些陷阱題呢？首先我們要弄清命題者是如何設計陷阱的，然后才能有力地“還擊”。 【陷阱一】利用定勢思維，設置“陷阱”。 【應對策略】夯實基礎，記住要點，結合語境，識破“陷阱”，理清題意。 例1. I couldn't help ______ that day for I was too busy.
A. sweeping the floor
B. to sweep the floor
C. swept the floor
D. to sweeping the floor 【解析】此題并不是couldn't help doing(情不自禁)的運用，而是對help (to) do的考查，故選B。 【陷阱二】拆散短語，模糊視線。 【應對策略】分解成相應的簡單句。
例2. What great difficulty we had ______ her!
A. persuade
B. to persuade
C. persuading
D. persuaded 【解析】本題可理解為We had great difficulty ______ her. 考查“have difficulty in doing…”，所以選C。 【陷阱三】巧設標點符號，設置“陷阱”。 【應對策略】識破玄機，看清句逗。
例3. ______ is reported in the newspaper, the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.
A．It
B．As
C．What
D．That 例4. ______， we had to go home on foot.
A. There were no buses
B. There to be no buses
C. There being no buses
D．There been no buses
【解析】例3中有逗號，所以此句逗號前應為狀語，故選B，若此句中逗號換為that，答案則為It。 例4中有逗號相隔，獨立結構表原因，選C，若逗號換為句號，答案則是A。 【陷阱四】句式混淆，設置干擾選項。 【應對策略】明辨是非，記清句型或結構。
例5. — Do you know our town at all? — No, this is the first time I ______ here.
A. came
B. could come
C. have come
D. might come 例6. There seems to ______ a person in the distance.
A. have
B. being C. be
D. was 【解析】例5中，考查It's the first time that…＋現在完成時態，選C。但在選項中設置了干擾項A，容易喚起考生對“It's time that…＋過去式”的記憶，增加了解題的難度。例6意為“遠方似乎有一個人。”“有：have, there be”， 易出錯。此題實際上在考查 “there be”的句型， 答案為C。 【陷阱五】比較級的形式卻非比較級的意思。 【應對策略】抓住語境，弄清題目中的隱含意義。
例7. He had never spent a ______ day.
A．more worry
B．most worrying
C．more worrying
D．most worried
【解析】這類題目中通常會出現 never, not 或doubt ，其后跟“…a ＋比較級”，用比較級形式表最高級意思。因此，答案選C。
【陷阱六】考查時態卻沒有時間狀語。 【應對策略】把握隱含的時態，根據語境推出實際的時態。
例8. I can see you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out.
A. are wearing
B. were wearing
C. had worn
D. wore 【陷阱六】考查時態卻沒有時間狀語。 【應對策略】把握隱含的時態，根據語境推出實際的時態。
例9. — Let's see if the football game has started yet.
— Started? It must be clear which team _____ by now.
A. is winning
B. wins
C. had won
D. would win 【解析】例8中，可進行這樣的推理：穿衣時很匆忙，所以現在衣服穿反了。因而時態應該是現在進行時，選A。例9中，根據答語可知，比賽已經進行到能預料勝負的時刻了，所以選A，“be ＋-ing”表示即將發生。 【陷阱七】強調句型考法不斷創新，增加難度。 【應對策略】理解并記住強調句型的多種形式，看準其基本標志。 例10. _____ is it _____ has made Peter _____ he is today?
A. What; that; that
B. That; that; what
C. What; what; that
D. What; that; what 例11. I've already forgotten ______ you put the dictionary.
A. that it was there
B. where was it
C. that where it was
D. where it was that 【陷阱七】強調句型考法不斷創新，增加難度。 【應對策略】理解并記住強調句型的多種形式，看準其基本標志。 例12. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______
he spent his childhood.
A. which; that
B. that; where
C. which; which
D. that; which 【解析】
(1)強調句型可能會在一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和含名詞性從句或定語從句的句子中考查，因此有必要記住相應的形式。如一般疑問句形式 “Is/Was it ＋被強調部分＋that/who…”， 特殊疑問句形式“特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋that/who…？” 例10對照相應的句式很容易選出答案D。 【解析】
(2)例11把強調句型和名詞性從句相結合，把強調句型的特殊疑問句形式作forgotten的賓語從句，因而選陳述語序D。例12中，強調句型和定語從句相結合，強調部分含一個定語從句，這樣就使整個句子變得很復雜。此時，應特別注意搞清強調句型的標志 “It is/was ＋…＋that/who…”， 不要混淆定語從句中的關系詞that/who和強調句型中的that/who，本題答案選A。 【解析】
總之，高考單項填空題有20個小題，考查內容涉及面廣，并突出了綜合性和語境化的特點。解題時，應結合語境，靈活使用語法、詞匯知識，透過現象看本質，排除干擾項，這樣才能從容不迫，笑傲考場。
單項填空是高考英語試卷的第一道題，如果能輕松拿下，就能帶著一份明快的心情向后面的試題進發；如果在此卡殼了，將直接影響后面的發揮。所以，精心備考單項填空十分重要。
但近年來，高考英語對學生的語言理解及運用能力要求日益提高，單項填空中，經常出現一些綜合性較強的陷阱題。如何跳出這些陷阱題呢？首先我們要弄清命題者是如何設計陷阱的，然后才能有力地“還擊”。 【陷阱一】利用定勢思維，設置“陷阱”。 【應對策略】夯實基礎，記住要點，結合語境，識破“陷阱”，理清題意。 例1. I couldn't help ______ that day for I was too busy.
A. sweeping the floor
B. to sweep the floor
C. swept the floor
D. to sweeping the floor 【解析】此題并不是couldn't help doing(情不自禁)的運用，而是對help (to) do的考查，故選B。 【陷阱二】拆散短語，模糊視線。 【應對策略】分解成相應的簡單句。
例2. What great difficulty we had ______ her!
A. persuade
B. to persuade
C. persuading
D. persuaded 【解析】本題可理解為We had great difficulty ______ her. 考查“have difficulty in doing…”，所以選C。 【陷阱三】巧設標點符號，設置“陷阱”。 【應對策略】識破玄機，看清句逗。
例3. ______ is reported in the newspaper, the United States uses twice as much energy as the whole of Europe.
A．It
B．As
C．What
D．That 例4. ______， we had to go home on foot.
A. There were no buses
B. There to be no buses
C. There being no buses
D．There been no buses
【解析】例3中有逗號，所以此句逗號前應為狀語，故選B，若此句中逗號換為that，答案則為It。 例4中有逗號相隔，獨立結構表原因，選C，若逗號換為句號，答案則是A。 【陷阱四】句式混淆，設置干擾選項。 【應對策略】明辨是非，記清句型或結構。
例5. — Do you know our town at all? — No, this is the first time I ______ here.
A. came
B. could come
C. have come
D. might come 例6. There seems to ______ a person in the distance.
A. have
B. being C. be
D. was 【解析】例5中，考查It's the first time that…＋現在完成時態，選C。但在選項中設置了干擾項A，容易喚起考生對“It's time that…＋過去式”的記憶，增加了解題的難度。例6意為“遠方似乎有一個人。”“有：have, there be”， 易出錯。此題實際上在考查 “there be”的句型， 答案為C。 【陷阱五】比較級的形式卻非比較級的意思。 【應對策略】抓住語境，弄清題目中的隱含意義。
例7. He had never spent a ______ day.
A．more worry
B．most worrying
C．more worrying
D．most worried
【解析】這類題目中通常會出現 never, not 或doubt ，其后跟“…a ＋比較級”，用比較級形式表最高級意思。因此，答案選C。
【陷阱六】考查時態卻沒有時間狀語。 【應對策略】把握隱含的時態，根據語境推出實際的時態。
例8. I can see you were in a hurry. You ______ your sweater inside out.
A. are wearing
B. were wearing
C. had worn
D. wore 【陷阱六】考查時態卻沒有時間狀語。 【應對策略】把握隱含的時態，根據語境推出實際的時態。
例9. — Let's see if the football game has started yet.
— Started? It must be clear which team _____ by now.
A. is winning
B. wins
C. had won
D. would win 【解析】例8中，可進行這樣的推理：穿衣時很匆忙，所以現在衣服穿反了。因而時態應該是現在進行時，選A。例9中，根據答語可知，比賽已經進行到能預料勝負的時刻了，所以選A，“be ＋-ing”表示即將發生。 【陷阱七】強調句型考法不斷創新，增加難度。 【應對策略】理解并記住強調句型的多種形式，看準其基本標志。 例10. _____ is it _____ has made Peter _____ he is today?
A. What; that; that
B. That; that; what
C. What; what; that
D. What; that; what 例11. I've already forgotten ______ you put the dictionary.
A. that it was there
B. where was it
C. that where it was
D. where it was that 【陷阱七】強調句型考法不斷創新，增加難度。 【應對策略】理解并記住強調句型的多種形式，看準其基本標志。 例12. It was in the small house ______ was built with stones by his father ______
he spent his childhood.
A. which; that
B. that; where
C. which; which
D. that; which 【解析】
(1)強調句型可能會在一般疑問句、特殊疑問句和含名詞性從句或定語從句的句子中考查，因此有必要記住相應的形式。如一般疑問句形式 “Is/Was it ＋被強調部分＋that/who…”， 特殊疑問句形式“特殊疑問詞＋is/was＋that/who…？” 例10對照相應的句式很容易選出答案D。 【解析】
(2)例11把強調句型和名詞性從句相結合，把強調句型的特殊疑問句形式作forgotten的賓語從句，因而選陳述語序D。例12中，強調句型和定語從句相結合，強調部分含一個定語從句，這樣就使整個句子變得很復雜。此時，應特別注意搞清強調句型的標志 “It is/was ＋…＋that/who…”， 不要混淆定語從句中的關系詞that/who和強調句型中的that/who，本題答案選A。 【解析】
總之，高考單項填空題有20個小題，考查內容涉及面廣，并突出了綜合性和語境化的特點。解題時，應結合語境，靈活使用語法、詞匯知識，透過現象看本質，排除干擾項，這樣才能從容不迫，笑傲考場。
