第一部分　選修七　Module

　　5-6

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　A

　　(2024·聊城一中階段測(cè)試)

　　Something in chocolate could be used to stop coughs and lead to more effective medicines, say UK researchers.

　　Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.

　　The Imperial College London researchers who published their results online said the discovery could lead to more effective cough treatment. “While coughing is not necessarily harmful, it can have a major effect on the quality of life, and this discovery could be a huge step forward in treating this problem，” said Professor Peter Barnes.

　　Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment. Neither the volunteers nor the researchers knew who received which pill. The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin(辣椒素), which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicines are stopping coughs.

　　The team found that, when the volunteers were given theobromine, the capsaicin need to produce a cough was around a third higher than in the placebo group. When they were given codeine they need only slightly higher levers of capsaicin to cause a cough compared with the placebo.

　　The researchers said that theobromine worked by keeping down a verve activity(神經(jīng)活動(dòng)), which caused coughing. They also found that unlike some standard cough treatments, theobromine caused no side effects such as sleepiness.

　　語(yǔ)篇解讀：這是一篇科普性讀物。選材于醫(yī)學(xué)的某一方面的研究——對(duì)巧克力中theobromine(可可堿)獨(dú)特的治療咳嗽的功效的對(duì)比研究，證明theobromine(可可堿)是未來(lái)有效的治療咳嗽的良藥。

　　1．According to Professor Barnes, theobromine ________.

　　A．cannot be as effective as codeine

　　B．can be harmful to people's health

　　C．cannot be separated from chocolate

　　D．can be a more effective cure for coughs

　　答案：D　推理判斷題。從第二段的“Their study found that theobromine, found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.”可看出theobromine比codeine更有效，判斷A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。既然它用來(lái)止咳，改善人們的生活質(zhì)量，所以B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。在第一段提到了heobromine是從chocolate里提煉出來(lái)的，所以C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故正確答案是D項(xiàng)。

　　2．What was used in the experiment to cause coughing?

　　A．Theobromine.

　　B．Codeine.

　　C．Capsaicin.

　　D．Placebo.

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。A、B、D三項(xiàng)中的物品是用來(lái)做實(shí)驗(yàn)的物品。在文章第四段最后一句“The researchers then measured levels of capsaicin, which is used in research to cause coughing and as a sign of how well the medicine are stopping coughs.”可知Capsaicin(辣椒素)用來(lái)引起咳嗽和作為這些藥物如何止咳的依據(jù)。

　　3．We learn from the text that volunteers in the experiment ________.

　　A．were patients with bad coughs

　　B．were divided into the three groups

　　C．received standard treatments

　　D．suffered little side effects

　　答案：B　推理判斷題。從第四段首句“Ten healthy volunteers were given theobromine, codeine or placebo, a pill that contains no medicine, during the experiment.”可知實(shí)驗(yàn)中每組人吃一種所給的物品才能看出止咳的效果，故需要三組志愿者。

　　4．Which of the following would be the best title for the text?

　　A．Codeine: A New Medicine

　　B．Chocolate May Cure Coughs

　　C．Cough Treatment: A Hard Case

　　D．Theobromine Can Cause Coughs

　　答案：B　歸納主旨題。本文主要介紹chocolate中含有的一種成分Theobromine能有很好的止咳效果，所以該題的正確答案為B。

　　B

　　(2024·太原市高三二模)

　　The earth is dying before us yet we sit and watch. If the TV or the game system breaks, we run off to the stores to get it fixed immediately no matter what the cost. Why aren't we willing to fix our earth? Are our televisions and game systems more important to us than where we live? Where shall we continue to live, until the end of time?

　　The earth is our home and cannot be replaced. We must take care of it. We have come up with so much technology that limits us instead of helping us. Take that game system we run to repair. What does it do? It occupies kids' time! The earth has already given kids plenty of entertainment in the forms of fields and hills, forests and plains, water and land. However, instead of using what the earth has given us, and helping kids by giving them exercise as they run around, we decide to ruin kids' minds with game systems that glue them to the screen for hours, and make them ignore their homework and chores. We have polluted this earth by making these things which do not even help in any way!

　　We have already messed up this world; we have ruined the air, water, and animals that it has so willingly provided for us. We need to stop this destruction of life and bring back the world we had before. It will not be easy, but everybody can help! What about something as simple as turning the lights off when you leave a room? Recycling what can be recycled? Picking up litter? Donating money to an environmental organization? None of these things are very hard. We can't just always say, “Oh, the earth is a mess. Ah, well, those big companies that are polluting so much can stop and fix it.” Instead, we need to help out. It's not only those big companies; it's everyday things that we do too that are ruining the earth. So stop and think about what you can do to make a difference to our world!

　　語(yǔ)篇解讀：這是一篇說(shuō)明文。作者通過(guò)電腦游戲?qū)⒆拥膼毫佑绊憗?lái)反思我們做的許多事情已經(jīng)毀壞了我們的母親—地球，號(hào)召人們停止毀壞地球的活動(dòng)。

　　5．Why does the author mention televisions and game systems in Paragraph 1?

　　A．To make people better aware of the urgency to the protection of the earth.

　　B．To explore the great harm done to the earth by too much technology waste.

　　C．To show the relationship between overuse of those things with early death.

　　D．To remind people to spend less on them and use the saved money in a wiser way.

　　答案：A　判斷推理題。通過(guò)文章主旨及第一段最后一句“Where shall we continue to live, until the end of time？”和第二段前兩句“The earth is our home and cannot be replaced. We must take care of it.” 可知作者在讓人們意識(shí)到保護(hù)地球的緊迫性。故選A。

　　6．It can be inferred from the second paragraph that the author

　　________.

　　A．thinks we must take care of our irreplaceable home—the earth

　　B．thinks running around in fields occupies too much of kids' time

　　C．takes an extremely negative attitude to things like game systems

　　D．takes it for granted that technology gives kids plenty of entertainment

　　答案：C　判斷推理題。 根據(jù)第二段第五句中“It occupies kids' time！” 和“we decide to ruin kids' minds with game systems that glue them to the screen for hours, and make them ignore their homework and chores. We have polluted this earth by making these things which do not even help in any way！”可知作者對(duì)諸如游戲系統(tǒng)都持有極其否定的態(tài)度。故選C。

　　7．We can clearly feel that the author wrote this passage with deep ________.

　　A．a(chǎn)nger

　　B．emotion

　　C．sadness

　　D．Regret

　　答案：B　觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。A.anger“生氣”；B.emotion“感情”；C.sadness“悲傷”；D.regret“遺憾”。通過(guò)文章中作者的疑問(wèn)句和感嘆句例如：Why aren't we willing to fix our earth? Are our televisions and game systems more important to us than where we live? It will not be easy, but everybody can help! 可以得知作者寫這篇文章帶有深厚的感情。故選B。

　　8．What is the main purpose of the passage?

　　A．To criticize those big companies that ruin the earth

　　B．To ask people to save kids from the harm done by pollution.

　　C．To give kids plenty of entertainment in a clean environment

　　D．To call on people to stop ruining the earth

　　答案：D　主旨大意題。 A“批評(píng)毀壞地球的那些大公司”；B“讓人們拯救被污染危害的孩子”；C“在干凈的環(huán)境里給孩子充分的娛樂(lè)”；D“號(hào)召人們停止毀壞地球”。通讀全文，并根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容和最后一句“So stop and think about what you can do to make a difference to our world！”可知本文的主旨在于喚醒人們停止毀壞地球。故選D。

　　Ⅱ.完形填空

　　(2024·江淮十校聯(lián)考)

　　Jasmine Harman, a famous TV presenter, was sunny and active. Nothing seemed to __1__ her down. But nearly a decade on, Jasmine spent the first years of her TV life

　　__2__a secret about her background—one she couldn't __3__ to be made public.

　　“When I started out in TV, I lived in fear of someone discovering about my __4__，” she admitted. Because her mother had a __5__

　　illness called Hoarding Disorder (囤積癥). “Mom would keep

　　__6__ batteries, old speakers, broken dolls and baskets she __7__ in the street. Nothing would be thrown away. And she'd be __8__ if you ever tried to clear them up，” Jasmine recalled. Eventually, the entire family couldn't have a __9__ life.

　　Two years ago, Jasmine did something __10__. She made a documentary called My Hoarder Mom and Me about her family's battle to fight against her mom's disease. “I do __11__ our program will shine more light on the issue，” said Jasmine. Then a second program, Britain's Biggest Hoarders __12__.

　　Luckily, there are diagnostic criteria (診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)) now and experts that can help. Jasmine has become a(n) __13__herself in a way. She runs a website to help sufferers and their __14__. “It's incredible. I spent most of my childhood being ashamed, but now I'd like to make it __15__. People like my mum need help, but not to be made to feel __16__.”

　　“We hadn't been able to have Christmas dinner at Mum's for

　　__17__， because you couldn't get people into the house __18__. But we had one last year, and it was amazing，” Jasmine said. “The __19__ still isn't perfect, and Mom isn't perfect either. She's still __20__ with it. But I'm so proud that she's come this far, and I want to tell other people it's possible.”

　　語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文介紹了著名的電視節(jié)目主持人賈絲明·哈曼生活中不為人知的隱痛——她的母親患有囤積癥。在她的家里堆滿了垃圾，這使得賈絲明·哈曼覺(jué)得很困擾，然而，后來(lái)的一件事使她完全改變了自己先前的想法。

　　1.A.settle

　　B．takeC．beat

　　D．calm

　　答案：C　settle down意為“定居，解決”；take down意為“記下，拿下”；beat down意為“擊敗，擊倒”；calm down意為“使鎮(zhèn)靜，使平靜”。根據(jù)上句中的“...was sunny and active”可知，此處表示似乎沒(méi)有什么能夠擊倒她，故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　2.A.making

　　B．discovering

　　C．hiding

　　D．mixing

　　答案：C　make意為“制造，使得”；discover意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”；hide意為“隱藏”；mix意為“混合”。根據(jù)賓語(yǔ)secret可以推斷出此處表示“隱藏一個(gè)秘密”，故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　3.A.wait

　　B．plan

　　C．cover

　　D．bear

　　答案：D　wait意為“等待，等候”；plan意為“計(jì)劃，打算”；cover意為“覆蓋，遮蓋”；bear意為“容忍，忍耐”。根據(jù)下文可知，此處指一個(gè)她不忍公之于眾的秘密，故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　4.A.work

　　B．mum

　　C．illness

　　D．memory

　　答案：B　根據(jù)下一句中的“Because her mother...”可知，此處指賈絲明·哈曼害怕別人發(fā)現(xiàn)她母親，故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　5.A.mental

　　B．physical

　　C．final

　　D．social

　　答案：A　mental意為“精神的，心理的”；physical意為“身體上的”；final意為“最后的”；social意為“社會(huì)的”，根據(jù)此空后的疾病名稱“囤積癥”及下文的描述可知A項(xiàng)正確。

　　6.A.new

　　B．used

　　C．round

　　D．expensive

　　答案：B　new意為“新的”；used意為“使用過(guò)的”；round意為“圓的”；expensive意為“昂貴的”。根據(jù)疾病名和old speakers，broken dolls可以推斷出，此處表示母親收集用過(guò)的電池，故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　7.A.put away

　　B．made ont

　　C．picked up

　　D．dug out

　　答案：C　put away意為“收好，放起來(lái)”；make out意為“理解；辨認(rèn)出”；pick up意為“撿起，拾起”；dig out意為“挖出”。根據(jù)此空后的in the street可以推斷出此處表示她在街上撿這些東西，故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　8.A.terrible

　　B．grateful

　　C．OK

　　D．crazy

　　答案：D　句意為：當(dāng)你想把這些東西清理掉時(shí)，她會(huì)非常生氣。terrible意為“可怕的”；grateful意為“感激的，感謝的”；OK意為“好的”；crazy意為“瘋狂的，生氣的”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處D項(xiàng)正確。

　　9.A.rich

　　B．normal

　　C．simple

　　D．hard

　　答案：B　句意為：最后，全家?guī)缀鯚o(wú)法擁有正常的生活。rich意為“富裕的”；normal意為“正常的”；simple意為“簡(jiǎn)單的”；hard意為“困難的”。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知B項(xiàng)正確。

　　10．A.special

　　B．dangerous

　　C．hopeless

　　D．impossible

　　答案：A　special意為“特殊的”；dangerous意為“危險(xiǎn)的”；hopeless意為“無(wú)希望的”；impossible意為“不可能的”。根據(jù)下文可以推斷此時(shí)Jasmine Harman采取了一個(gè)特殊的行動(dòng)，故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　11．A.hope

　　B．wonder

　　C．fear

　　D．doubt

　　答案：A　hope意為“希望”；wonder意為“想知道；納悶”；fear意為“害怕，恐懼”；doubt意為“懷疑”。上文提到她采取了行動(dòng)，制定了這個(gè)計(jì)劃，此處表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“真的希望……”，故A項(xiàng)正確。

　　12．A.ended up

　　B．broke down

　　C．kept away

　　D．came out

　　答案：D　end up意為“結(jié)束”；break down意為“拋錨；崩潰”；keep away意為“離開(kāi)，遠(yuǎn)離”；come out意為“出來(lái)，出現(xiàn)；出版”。此處表示第二個(gè)節(jié)目《英國(guó)最大的囤積癥患者》制作出來(lái)了，故D項(xiàng)正確。

　　13．A.patient

　　B．expert

　　C．example

　　D．role

　　答案：B　由前一句中的“...experts that can help”可推斷此處expert正確。

　　14．A.friends

　　B．bosses

　　C．families

　　D．mistakes

　　答案：C　根據(jù)下文可知，此處表示她建立了一個(gè)網(wǎng)站，幫助患者和他們的家人，故C項(xiàng)正確。

　　15．A.fair

　　B．safe

　　C．false

　　D．public

　　答案：D　fair意為“公平的，公正的”；safe意為“安全的”；false意為“錯(cuò)誤的”；public意為“公開(kāi)的”。根據(jù)連詞but和前文中的secret可以推斷出此處表示公開(kāi)這個(gè)秘密，故D項(xiàng)正確。