河南南樂縣2024高考英語一輪閱讀理解基礎訓練6

　　閱讀理解2024·濰坊5月模擬“Oh，you must have been a spoiled (寵壞的) kid.You must be really bossy.I wonder what you’re going to be like to deal with？” That’s often the response Angela Hult gets when people find out she’s an only child，she told ABC News.Despite such negative (消極的) remarks，Hult has decided to have only one child herself.And she’s not alone.

　　According to the US’ Office for National Statistics，women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004，compared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.The percentage of one-child families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2007.

　　But even though only children are becoming increasingly common，the traditional view that they’re selfish，spoiled and lack social skills holds strong.Even parents of only children，like Hult，are made to feel guilty about having only one child.Worried that they’re being selfish and endangering their child’s future，they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice.Soon，however，they ask themselves：is this social prejudice really reasonable?

　　“There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers (同齡人)，” Susan Newman，a social psychologist at Rutgers University in the US，told ABC News.

　　This raises another question：why are only children still viewed with such suspicion?

　　“There is a belief that’s been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous，both for you and for the continuation of your race，” Toni Falbo，a professor of educational psychology，told the Guardian.“In the past a lot of children died.You’d have had to be crazy to only have one.”

　　Times，of course，have changed and infant mortality (嬰兒死亡率) has largely reduced.So what do only children themselves say?

　　Kayley Kravitz，a blogger for The Huffington Post，grew up as an only child and highly recommends the experience.“Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all：the ability to be alone，” she said.

　　1．Which of the following could be the best title for the text?

　　A．Are only children lonely?

　　B．Are only children common?

　　C．Are only children dangerous?

　　D．Are only children different?

　　2．What does Susan Newman mean?

　　A． Only children are as good as their peers.

　　B．Only children are more selfish and spoiled.

　　C．Parents feel guilty about having only one child.

　　D．Parents will endanger their only child’s future.

　　3．What is the common belief since human existed?

　　A．The infant death rate always stays high.

　　B．People are crazy to have only one child.

　　C．It’s easy for only children to earn their living.

　　D．It’s hard to continue the family line with only one child.

　　4．An only child like Kayley________.

　　A．must be difficult to persuade

　　B．can possibly learn to be alone

　　C．should value special skills

　　D．need ignore bad experience

　　5．What’s the author’s attitude towards having only one child?

　　A．Neutral.B．Negative.

　　C．Positive.D．Doubtful.

　　語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。盡管在英國越來越多的孩子都是獨生子女，但很多人對獨生子女的看法卻依然如故，認為他們自私、嬌氣、缺少社交技能。對此，獨生子女們有他們的看法。

　　1．解析：　標題概括題。本文主要討論了獨生子女是否就是英國傳統觀念中的自私、嬌氣，缺少社交技能的人，所以D項最適合做文章的標題，故選D。

　　答案：　D

　　2．解析：　細節理解題。根據第四段Susan Newman所說的話可知，成百上千的研究表明獨生子女和別的孩子沒有什么區別，故選A。

　　答案：　A

　　3．解析：　細節理解題。根據文章第六段中的“There is a belief that’s been around probably...both for you and for the continuation of your race”可知，自從人類存在以來，人們就認為只生一個孩子不論對你自己還是對種族的延續來說都是很危險的，故選D。

　　答案：　D

　　4．解析：　細節理解題。根據文章最后一段中“Being an only child...the ability to be alone”可知，選B。

　　答案：　B

　　5．解析：　觀點態度題。文中提到不同人對于獨生子女的不同觀點，但并沒有直接提到作者自己的看法，由此可知，應選A，中立的。

　　答案：　A(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。

　　(The Result of the Falling US Dollar) ? ?Like a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good becomes cheaper. U.S. companies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved. ? ?Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad—especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more competitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented U.S. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall. ? ?Improving U.S. competitiveness means a decline in another’s competitiveness. ? ?Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy. ? ?Could the falling dollar get out of hand? If the dollar falls too far, investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments—especially the government bond market. The money to finance ? the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. Inflation could flare up, too, since Japanese and German manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikes—and U.S. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. The U.S. federal Reserve then might need to step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. And higher interest rates could cause the U.S. economy to slow down and end the Wall Street Rally. Worried about these side effects, Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. It all depends on when the U.S. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from U.S. Treasury Bonds. “It requires a good deal of political patience on the part of the U.S. Congress,” says Dr. Cline, “And there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors. The chance are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.” 1. ? ? ?What is the main idea of this passage? [A]. The impression of the falling U.S. dollar. . The result of the U.S. falling dollar. [C]. The side effect of U.S. falling dollar. [D]. Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar. 2. ? ? ?What does the word “rally” mean. [A]. prosperity. ? ?? . decline. ? ?? ? [C]. richness. ? ?? ? [D]. import. 3. ? ? ?Why are Japan and West Germany worried about the falling dollar? [A]. Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries. . Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks. [C]. Because it may do damage to their trade. [D]. Because it may make Japanese company less competitive. 4. ? ? ?If ?dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what would happen? [A]. The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear. . The U.S. economy might face serious problems. [C]. Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments. [D].Inflation could flare up. Vocabulary 1. ? ? ?ticking ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 滴答作響的 2. ? ? ?grab ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?抓住 3. ? ? ?abate ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 減弱 4. ? ? ?snap up ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?爭購，搶購 5. ? ? ?heavy buying ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 大量買進 6. ? ? ?export-oriented ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?以出口為方向的 7. ? ? ?in anticipation of ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 期待，預期 8. ? ? ?faddish ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?一時流行的 9. ? ? ?spree ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 無節制的瘋狂行為 10. ? ? ?buying spree ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 狂購亂買 11. ? ? ?plummet ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 垂直落下，驟然跌落，暴跌 12. ? ? ?stall ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?停滯 13. ? ? ?verge ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 處于……邊緣 14. ? ? ?verging on recession ? ?? ??

　　?? ?? ?? 正處于衰退的邊緣 15. ? ? ?boost ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??

　　?? ?? ?? ?? 振興，吹捧 16. ? ? ?bond market ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? 債券市場 17. ? ? ?flare up ? ?? ?? ?? ??

　　?? ?突然閃耀，發火，爆發 18. ? ? ?hike ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?提高，增加 19. ? ? ?follow suit ? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ? 照著做，跟出同花色的牌 20. ? ? ?profit margin ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 利潤幅度 21. ? ? ?step in ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? 介入 22. ? ? ?rally ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?繁榮 23. ? ? ?equilibrium ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?平衡，均勢 24. ? ? ?defect ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? 逃跑，開小差 25. ? ? ?break or panic ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 崩潰或大恐慌 ? 難句譯注 1. ?cries for trade protection ? ?? ?? ? 貿易保護的呼聲 2. ?the global free-trade system ? ?? ?? 全球自由貿易體系 3. ?that is a rather faddish notion right now ? ?? 只是一時流行的概念 4. ?get out of hand ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?失控 5. ?What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. ? ?? ?什么是平衡水平？可能是接近現在水平或者稍低一些。 6. ?trade deficit ? ?? ?貿易赤字，貿易逆差。 寫作方法與文章大意 這是一篇論述“美元下跌的后果”的文章，采用對比，順序，因果等寫作。先提出問題：美元下跌，美國得利有二：一是（第一段）商品便宜，銷售量大，赤字下降，全球自由貿易體系保住。二是（第二段）外國投資者會搶購美國股票。總之，美國競爭力加強。 這兩段中都有對比。第一段美國和日本的對比，開頭“就像滴答作響的定時炸彈，日見下跌的美元抓住了日本和西德的注意力，迫使他們考慮采取美國提出的經濟政策?！暗诙问敲绹旧碇讓Ρ?。“……許多外國投資者搶購出口導向的美國股票，期望在下一年左右的時間里得到較多的利潤。如果公司收益在今后幾個季度里令人失望的話，這種買進古片的狂熱行為就可能消失。最后，如果美元價格直線下跌導致利率上升，股票市場價格回升就會停頓?！?后面兩段是這兩段負效應的進一步論證。 答案祥解 1. ? ? ?B. 美元下跌的結果。全篇文章都講的美元下跌的后果。 A. 美元下跌的印象。 ? ?C. 美元下跌的副作用，均不對。 ? 因為還講述了有利的一面。 ? ?? ? D. 日本的、西德擔憂美元下跌，這只是其中的部分內容。 2. ? ? ?A. ?繁榮。第五段“美元下跌是否會失控：如果美元下跌過多，投資者可能會失去對美國投資的信心，特別是對美國的債務市場。對聯邦政府預算和貿易赤字提供的資金可能移向其它市場，因為日本和西德廠商最終會將上漲的價格轉嫁出去，美國公司也可能這么做，以提高其市場利潤幅度，從而使通貨膨脹再次爆發。美國聯邦儲備委員會這時可能需要介入，提高利率來穩定美元。而較高利率會導致美國經濟減慢，華爾街的繁榮行將結束。” B. 衰退。 ? ?? C. 富有。 ? ?? ?? D. 出口，都不是rally之含義。 3. ? ? ?C. 因為下跌對他們貿易有損害。第三段“改善美國競爭力意味著其他國家的競爭力下降?！钡谒亩?，“日本和西德正瀕于經濟衰退的邊緣。其出口導向的經濟正在面臨嚴重問題。日本擔心由于日元堅挺而給其貿易帶來損害，西德也在發愁。上個星期，法蘭克福股市價格暴跌。據說，波恩已在考慮降低利率以振興其經濟。 A. 美元下跌會使他們國家通貨膨脹。沒有正式提到, 內涵只是貿易帶來的其他具體問題。 ? ?? ? B. 它可能迫使他們賣掉許多美國股票。 ? D. 這可能使日本競爭力下降。問題是提出兩國，不單單是日本。 4. ? ? ?A. 美國經濟繁榮消失，見第2題答案A的注釋。 B. 美國經濟可能面臨嚴重問題。太籠統。 ? ?? ?C. 投資者可能對在美國投資失去信心。這不是美國聯邦儲備委員會介入后發生之事。 ? D. 通貨膨脹全面爆發。這也是介入之后果。

　　[文化教育型閱讀理解]-----(一)

　　A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中級的) and postintermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.

　　The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.

　　In the fourth edition，the main changes are as follows.

　　1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.

　　2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses.

　　3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must, etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.

　　4. The content list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more references.

　　In this edition the sign “～” is frequently used to show a change of speakers in examples of dialogues. Although the sign “＝” sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e．g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.

　　We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.

　　London, November 1985

　　A．J.T., A．VM

　　1．The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for ________．

　　A．a middle school teacher

　　B．a primary school student

　　C．a senior high student

　　D．a college student

　　2．According to the passage, we know that his grammar book________．

　　A．compares modern English with old English

　　B．gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty

　　C．attaches more importance to controversial forms

　　D．pays little attention to strict grammatical forms

　　3．Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?

　　A．This book keeps up with the latest usages of the American English language.

　　B．This edition offers more information about pronouns.

　　C．It's not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.

　　D．One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”．

　　4．When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ～Yes, I managed to get one.”， we can understand that ________．

　　A．the two parts before and after the sign “～” mean the same

　　B．the two parts before and after “～” are said by two different people

　　C．the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says

　　D．the topic is changed in the part after the sign “～”

　　5．In the last paragraph, the authors thank several people because________．

　　A．they have helped the authors with this edition

　　B．they have agreed to buy a lot of books from the authors

　　C．the authors want to make use of the fame of those people

　　D．those people will make advertisements for this book

　　(一)

　　【要點綜述】 本文主要介紹了一本語法書的特點及對它的第四版的主要變化進行了介紹。

　　1．B　細節理解題。根據文章第一段“A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中級的) and postintermediate students.”可知，語法書適合中級水平或者更高水平的學者，即不適用于小學生。故選B項。

　　2．C　細節理解題。根據第二段“Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.”可知，更加注重于有爭議的形式。故選C項。

　　3．D　推理判斷題。根據第三條的“…verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves…”可知。故選D項。

　　4．B　細節理解題。從“In this edition the sign ‘～’ is frequently used to show a change of speakers in examples of dialogues.”可知，“～”表示兩個不同的人在對話，所以前后兩部分是不同的人說話的內容。故選B項。

　　5．A　細節理解題。從“We would also like to thank Professor…for their friendly and helpful suggestions.”可知，他們這些人都給作者們提供了好的建議和幫助。故選A項。

　　河南南樂縣2024高考英語一輪閱讀理解基礎訓練6

　　閱讀理解2024·濰坊5月模擬“Oh，you must have been a spoiled (寵壞的) kid.You must be really bossy.I wonder what you’re going to be like to deal with？” That’s often the response Angela Hult gets when people find out she’s an only child，she told ABC News.Despite such negative (消極的) remarks，Hult has decided to have only one child herself.And she’s not alone.

　　According to the US’ Office for National Statistics，women approaching the end of their childbearing years had an average of 1.9 children in 2004，compared with 3.1 for their counterparts in 1976.The percentage of one-child families in Britain had risen from 18 percent in 1972 to 26 percent in 2007.

　　But even though only children are becoming increasingly common，the traditional view that they’re selfish，spoiled and lack social skills holds strong.Even parents of only children，like Hult，are made to feel guilty about having only one child.Worried that they’re being selfish and endangering their child’s future，they flock to online discussion forums seeking advice.Soon，however，they ask themselves：is this social prejudice really reasonable?

　　“There have been hundreds and hundreds of research studies that show that only children are no different from their peers (同齡人)，” Susan Newman，a social psychologist at Rutgers University in the US，told ABC News.

　　This raises another question：why are only children still viewed with such suspicion?

　　“There is a belief that’s been around probably since humans first existed that to have just one child is somehow dangerous，both for you and for the continuation of your race，” Toni Falbo，a professor of educational psychology，told the Guardian.“In the past a lot of children died.You’d have had to be crazy to only have one.”

　　Times，of course，have changed and infant mortality (嬰兒死亡率) has largely reduced.So what do only children themselves say?

　　Kayley Kravitz，a blogger for The Huffington Post，grew up as an only child and highly recommends the experience.“Being an only child taught me the most valuable skill of all：the ability to be alone，” she said.

　　1．Which of the following could be the best title for the text?

　　A．Are only children lonely?

　　B．Are only children common?

　　C．Are only children dangerous?

　　D．Are only children different?

　　2．What does Susan Newman mean?

　　A． Only children are as good as their peers.

　　B．Only children are more selfish and spoiled.

　　C．Parents feel guilty about having only one child.

　　D．Parents will endanger their only child’s future.

　　3．What is the common belief since human existed?

　　A．The infant death rate always stays high.

　　B．People are crazy to have only one child.

　　C．It’s easy for only children to earn their living.

　　D．It’s hard to continue the family line with only one child.

　　4．An only child like Kayley________.

　　A．must be difficult to persuade

　　B．can possibly learn to be alone

　　C．should value special skills

　　D．need ignore bad experience

　　5．What’s the author’s attitude towards having only one child?

　　A．Neutral.B．Negative.

　　C．Positive.D．Doubtful.

　　語篇解讀　本文是一篇議論文。盡管在英國越來越多的孩子都是獨生子女，但很多人對獨生子女的看法卻依然如故，認為他們自私、嬌氣、缺少社交技能。對此，獨生子女們有他們的看法。

　　1．解析：　標題概括題。本文主要討論了獨生子女是否就是英國傳統觀念中的自私、嬌氣，缺少社交技能的人，所以D項最適合做文章的標題，故選D。

　　答案：　D

　　2．解析：　細節理解題。根據第四段Susan Newman所說的話可知，成百上千的研究表明獨生子女和別的孩子沒有什么區別，故選A。

　　答案：　A

　　3．解析：　細節理解題。根據文章第六段中的“There is a belief that’s been around probably...both for you and for the continuation of your race”可知，自從人類存在以來，人們就認為只生一個孩子不論對你自己還是對種族的延續來說都是很危險的，故選D。

　　答案：　D

　　4．解析：　細節理解題。根據文章最后一段中“Being an only child...the ability to be alone”可知，選B。

　　答案：　B

　　5．解析：　觀點態度題。文中提到不同人對于獨生子女的不同觀點，但并沒有直接提到作者自己的看法，由此可知，應選A，中立的。

　　答案：　A(A、B、C和D)中，選出最佳選項。

　　(The Result of the Falling US Dollar) ? ?Like a ticking time bomb, the falling dollar has grabbed the attention of Japan and West Germany, forcing them to consider adopting economic polices the United States advocates. The U.S. government wants the dollar to fall because as the dollar declines in value against the yen and Deutsche mark, U.S. good becomes cheaper. U.S. companies then sell more at home and abroad, and U.S. trade deficit declines. Cries for trade protection abate, and the global free-trade system is preserved. ? ?Then, the cheaper dollar makes it cheaper for many foreign investors to snap up U.S. stocks. That prompts heavy buying from abroad—especially from Japan. Also, if the trade picture is improving, that means U.S. companies eventually will be more competitive. Consequently, many investors are buying shares of export-oriented U.S. companies in anticipation of better profits in the next year or so. But that is a rather faddish notion right now; if corporate earnings are disappointing in interest rates, the stock market rally could stall. ? ?Improving U.S. competitiveness means a decline in another’s competitiveness. ? ?Japan and West Germany are verging on recession. Their export-oriented economies are facing major problems. Japan is worried about the damage the strong yen will do to Japanese trade. West Germany is also worried. Share prices in Frankfurt plummeted this past week. Bonn is thought to be considering a cut in interest rates to boost its economy. ? ?Could the falling dollar get out of hand? If the dollar falls too far, investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments—especially the government bond market. The money to finance ? the federal budget and trade deficits could migrate elsewhere. Inflation could flare up, too, since Japanese and German manufacturers will eventually pass along price hikes—and U.S. companies might follow suit to increase their profit margins. The U.S. federal Reserve then might need to step in and stabilize the dollar by raising interest rates. And higher interest rates could cause the U.S. economy to slow down and end the Wall Street Rally. Worried about these side effects, Federal Reserve chairman Paul Volcher has said the dollar has fallen far enough. What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. It all depends on when the U.S. trade deficit turns around or if investors defect from U.S. Treasury Bonds. “It requires a good deal of political patience on the part of the U.S. Congress,” says Dr. Cline, “And there must be an expectation of patience on the part of private investors. The chance are relatively good that we will avoid an investor break or panic.” 1. ? ? ?What is the main idea of this passage? [A]. The impression of the falling U.S. dollar. . The result of the U.S. falling dollar. [C]. The side effect of U.S. falling dollar. [D]. Japan and West Germany are worried about U.S. falling dollar. 2. ? ? ?What does the word “rally” mean. [A]. prosperity. ? ?? . decline. ? ?? ? [C]. richness. ? ?? ? [D]. import. 3. ? ? ?Why are Japan and West Germany worried about the falling dollar? [A]. Because the falling dollar may cause inflation in their countries. . Because it may force them to sell a lot of U.S, stocks. [C]. Because it may do damage to their trade. [D]. Because it may make Japanese company less competitive. 4. ? ? ?If ?dollar-falling got out of hand, and the U.S. Federal Reserve might step in , what would happen? [A]. The prosperity of the U.S. economy would disappear. . The U.S. economy might face serious problems. [C]. Investors might lose confidence in U.S. investments. [D].Inflation could flare up. Vocabulary 1. ? ? ?ticking ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 滴答作響的 2. ? ? ?grab ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?抓住 3. ? ? ?abate ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 減弱 4. ? ? ?snap up ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?爭購，搶購 5. ? ? ?heavy buying ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 大量買進 6. ? ? ?export-oriented ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?以出口為方向的 7. ? ? ?in anticipation of ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 期待，預期 8. ? ? ?faddish ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?一時流行的 9. ? ? ?spree ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 無節制的瘋狂行為 10. ? ? ?buying spree ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 狂購亂買 11. ? ? ?plummet ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 垂直落下，驟然跌落，暴跌 12. ? ? ?stall ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?停滯 13. ? ? ?verge ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 處于……邊緣 14. ? ? ?verging on recession ? ?? ??

　　?? ?? ?? 正處于衰退的邊緣 15. ? ? ?boost ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??

　　?? ?? ?? ?? 振興，吹捧 16. ? ? ?bond market ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? 債券市場 17. ? ? ?flare up ? ?? ?? ?? ??

　　?? ?突然閃耀，發火，爆發 18. ? ? ?hike ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?提高，增加 19. ? ? ?follow suit ? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ? 照著做，跟出同花色的牌 20. ? ? ?profit margin ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? 利潤幅度 21. ? ? ?step in ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? 介入 22. ? ? ?rally ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?繁榮 23. ? ? ?equilibrium ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?平衡，均勢 24. ? ? ?defect ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? 逃跑，開小差 25. ? ? ?break or panic ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? 崩潰或大恐慌 ? 難句譯注 1. ?cries for trade protection ? ?? ?? ? 貿易保護的呼聲 2. ?the global free-trade system ? ?? ?? 全球自由貿易體系 3. ?that is a rather faddish notion right now ? ?? 只是一時流行的概念 4. ?get out of hand ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?失控 5. ?What is the equilibrium level? Probably near where it is or slightly lower. ? ?? ?什么是平衡水平？可能是接近現在水平或者稍低一些。 6. ?trade deficit ? ?? ?貿易赤字，貿易逆差。 寫作方法與文章大意 這是一篇論述“美元下跌的后果”的文章，采用對比，順序，因果等寫作。先提出問題：美元下跌，美國得利有二：一是（第一段）商品便宜，銷售量大，赤字下降，全球自由貿易體系保住。二是（第二段）外國投資者會搶購美國股票。總之，美國競爭力加強。 這兩段中都有對比。第一段美國和日本的對比，開頭“就像滴答作響的定時炸彈，日見下跌的美元抓住了日本和西德的注意力，迫使他們考慮采取美國提出的經濟政策?！暗诙问敲绹旧碇讓Ρ??！啊S多外國投資者搶購出口導向的美國股票，期望在下一年左右的時間里得到較多的利潤。如果公司收益在今后幾個季度里令人失望的話，這種買進古片的狂熱行為就可能消失。最后，如果美元價格直線下跌導致利率上升，股票市場價格回升就會停頓?！?后面兩段是這兩段負效應的進一步論證。 答案祥解 1. ? ? ?B. 美元下跌的結果。全篇文章都講的美元下跌的后果。 A. 美元下跌的印象。 ? ?C. 美元下跌的副作用，均不對。 ? 因為還講述了有利的一面。 ? ?? ? D. 日本的、西德擔憂美元下跌，這只是其中的部分內容。 2. ? ? ?A. ?繁榮。第五段“美元下跌是否會失控：如果美元下跌過多，投資者可能會失去對美國投資的信心，特別是對美國的債務市場。對聯邦政府預算和貿易赤字提供的資金可能移向其它市場，因為日本和西德廠商最終會將上漲的價格轉嫁出去，美國公司也可能這么做，以提高其市場利潤幅度，從而使通貨膨脹再次爆發。美國聯邦儲備委員會這時可能需要介入，提高利率來穩定美元。而較高利率會導致美國經濟減慢，華爾街的繁榮行將結束。” B. 衰退。 ? ?? C. 富有。 ? ?? ?? D. 出口，都不是rally之含義。 3. ? ? ?C. 因為下跌對他們貿易有損害。第三段“改善美國競爭力意味著其他國家的競爭力下降。”第四段，“日本和西德正瀕于經濟衰退的邊緣。其出口導向的經濟正在面臨嚴重問題。日本擔心由于日元堅挺而給其貿易帶來損害，西德也在發愁。上個星期，法蘭克福股市價格暴跌。據說，波恩已在考慮降低利率以振興其經濟。 A. 美元下跌會使他們國家通貨膨脹。沒有正式提到, 內涵只是貿易帶來的其他具體問題。 ? ?? ? B. 它可能迫使他們賣掉許多美國股票。 ? D. 這可能使日本競爭力下降。問題是提出兩國，不單單是日本。 4. ? ? ?A. 美國經濟繁榮消失，見第2題答案A的注釋。 B. 美國經濟可能面臨嚴重問題。太籠統。 ? ?? ?C. 投資者可能對在美國投資失去信心。這不是美國聯邦儲備委員會介入后發生之事。 ? D. 通貨膨脹全面爆發。這也是介入之后果。

　　[文化教育型閱讀理解]-----(一)

　　A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中級的) and postintermediate students. We hope that more advanced learners and teachers will also find it useful.

　　The book is a comprehensive survey of structures and forms, written in clear modern English and illustrated with numerous examples. Areas of particular difficulty have been given special attention. Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.

　　In the fourth edition，the main changes are as follows.

　　1. Explanation and examples have been brought up to date.

　　2. There is now more information on countable and uncountable nouns, attributive and predicative adjectives, adverbs of place, sentence adverbs, cleft sentences, prepositions, conjunctives, modal verbs, perfect tenses, infinitive constructions, the passive, purpose clauses.

　　3. Some material has been rearranged to make comparisons easier. For example, parts of chapters on can, may, must, etc. are now grouped by functions; verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves; suggestions and invitations have joined the chapter on commands, requests and advice.

　　4. The content list now summaries every edition heading, and there is a new index containing many more references.

　　In this edition the sign “～” is frequently used to show a change of speakers in examples of dialogues. Although the sign “＝” sometimes connects two words or expressions with the same meaning, it is often used more freely, e．g. to indicate a transformation from active to passive or direct to indirect speech.

　　We wish to thank all at Oxford University Press who have assisted in the preparation of the fourth edition. We would also like to thank Professor Egawa of Nihon University, Japan, Professor Rene Dirven of Duisburg University, Germany and other colleagues for their friendly and helpful suggestions.

　　London, November 1985

　　A．J.T., A．VM

　　1．The grammar book mentioned in this passage is not suitable for ________．

　　A．a middle school teacher

　　B．a primary school student

　　C．a senior high student

　　D．a college student

　　2．According to the passage, we know that his grammar book________．

　　A．compares modern English with old English

　　B．gives a large number of examples to reduce difficulty

　　C．attaches more importance to controversial forms

　　D．pays little attention to strict grammatical forms

　　3．Which of the following statements about the changes is TRUE?

　　A．This book keeps up with the latest usages of the American English language.

　　B．This edition offers more information about pronouns.

　　C．It's not easy for us to find the information we need in this book.

　　D．One particular chapter discusses verbs like “care, like, love, hate, prefer, wish”．

　　4．When you see this line in the book, “Did you get a ticket? ～Yes, I managed to get one.”， we can understand that ________．

　　A．the two parts before and after the sign “～” mean the same

　　B．the two parts before and after “～” are said by two different people

　　C．the second speaker repeats what the first speaker says

　　D．the topic is changed in the part after the sign “～”

　　5．In the last paragraph, the authors thank several people because________．

　　A．they have helped the authors with this edition

　　B．they have agreed to buy a lot of books from the authors

　　C．the authors want to make use of the fame of those people

　　D．those people will make advertisements for this book

　　(一)

　　【要點綜述】 本文主要介紹了一本語法書的特點及對它的第四版的主要變化進行了介紹。

　　1．B　細節理解題。根據文章第一段“A practical English Grammar is intended for intermediate(中級的) and postintermediate students.”可知，語法書適合中級水平或者更高水平的學者，即不適用于小學生。故選B項。

　　2．C　細節理解題。根據第二段“Differences between conversational usage and strict grammatical forms are shown but the emphasis is on controversial forms.”可知，更加注重于有爭議的形式。故選C項。

　　3．D　推理判斷題。根據第三條的“…verbs of liking and preference have a chapter to themselves…”可知。故選D項。

　　4．B　細節理解題。從“In this edition the sign ‘～’ is frequently used to show a change of speakers in examples of dialogues.”可知，“～”表示兩個不同的人在對話，所以前后兩部分是不同的人說話的內容。故選B項。

　　5．A　細節理解題。從“We would also like to thank Professor…for their friendly and helpful suggestions.”可知，他們這些人都給作者們提供了好的建議和幫助。故選A項。