八、被動語態 (二)被動語態的用法 用法 例句 (1)不知道或沒必要說明動作的執行者。 Such books are written for children. Printing was introduced into Europe from China. (2)動作的承受者是談話的中心，或者既關心動作的承受者，又關心動作的執行者。 This song was composed(作曲) by a student.

　　She is liked by everybody. (3)出于修辭的需要。 He went to the country and was warmly welcomed. (此句使用同一主語，以求簡練) 結構 例句 附注 (1)主語＋被動動詞 Rice is grown in the south. →People grow rice in the south. (2)主語＋被動動詞＋保留賓語(或介詞短語) I was given a book (by him). A book was given (to) me (by him). →He gave me a book. 帶雙賓語的句子變被動語態時，將其中一個賓語變成被動句的主語，另一個賓語置于原來的位置上，稱之為“保留賓語”。 （三）被動語態的句型結構 結構 例句 附注 (3)主語＋被動動詞＋主補 He will be made our monitor. →We will make him our monitor. He was seen to come this morning. →I saw him come this morning. 主動句中的賓語補足語變成被動句后被稱作主語補足語； 在主動句中，不定式在有些動詞后作賓補要省to；而變成被動式后，這類不定式隨之變成了主補，就要加to。 結構 例句 附注 (4)主語＋情態動詞＋被動動詞

　　He should be praised by the teacher.

　　→The teacher should praise him.

　　(5)主語＋被動的短語動詞

　　My sister is taken care of by Grandma.

　　→Grandma takes care of my sister. 短語動詞變成被動式后，要保持整體性，不能漏掉介詞或副詞。

　　結構 例句 附注 (6)形式主語it＋被動詞＋主語從句

　　It is thought that she is a good teacher.

　　→Everyone thinks that she is a good teacher.

　　It was suggested that we should put off the meeting.

　　→Somebody suggested that we should put off the meeting.

　　這類句子的被動式實際上就是將主動句中的賓語從句變成主語從句。用于這類結構的謂語動詞常見的有：say, think, believe, suppose, report, hope, know, decide, etc.學習時可作句型來記憶：

　　It is said that...

　　It is believed that...

　　It is supposed that...

　　It is reported that...

　　It is known that...

　　結構 例句 附注 (7)主語＋被動動詞＋動詞不定式

　　The horse is said to run very fast. →They say that the horse runs very fast.

　　這一結構實際上是結構(6)的簡化。此例即可改成：It is said that the horse runs very fast. 同樣，結構(6)的例句1亦可改成She is thought to be a good teacher. 不難理解，(6)(7)結構的互換，就是復合句與簡單句的互換。

　　(四)使用被動語態須注意的問題 注意事項 例　句 只有及物動詞和及物動詞短語才有被動語態，不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語無被動語態，常見不及物動詞和不及物動詞短語有： appear，die，disappear，end (vi.結束)，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silent，lose heart，take place等。

　　The price has been risen.(×)The price has risen.(√)The price has raised.(×) The price has been raised.(√)The accident was happened last week.(×)

　　The accident happened last week.(√)Please seat.(×)

　　Please be seated.(√)This room is belonged to me.(×)This room belongs to me.(√) 注意事項 例　句 表示狀態的及物動詞，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被動語態。

　　The shirt fits him very well.(√) He is fitted very well by the shirt.(×)

　　反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態。

　　You must

　　look after yourself.(√) Yourself

　　must be looked after.(×) 注意事項 例　句 短語動詞作為一個整體轉換為被動語態時，后面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。

　　All the rubbish should be got rid of. The Child will be taken of by my mother. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 動詞(read / write / sell / wash / clean / wear / open / eat / lock/...)＋ 副詞(well / badly / easily / smoothly /...)表示主語的屬性特征時，用主動形式表被動含義。

　　This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.

　　This type of car sells well in China.

　　2．Food can keep fresh in a fridge. 4．This song is well worth listening to. 8．He dislikes being laughed at.

　　八、被動語態 (二)被動語態的用法 用法 例句 (1)不知道或沒必要說明動作的執行者。 Such books are written for children. Printing was introduced into Europe from China. (2)動作的承受者是談話的中心，或者既關心動作的承受者，又關心動作的執行者。 This song was composed(作曲) by a student.

　　She is liked by everybody. (3)出于修辭的需要。 He went to the country and was warmly welcomed. (此句使用同一主語，以求簡練) 結構 例句 附注 (1)主語＋被動動詞 Rice is grown in the south. →People grow rice in the south. (2)主語＋被動動詞＋保留賓語(或介詞短語) I was given a book (by him). A book was given (to) me (by him). →He gave me a book. 帶雙賓語的句子變被動語態時，將其中一個賓語變成被動句的主語，另一個賓語置于原來的位置上，稱之為“保留賓語”。 （三）被動語態的句型結構 結構 例句 附注 (3)主語＋被動動詞＋主補 He will be made our monitor. →We will make him our monitor. He was seen to come this morning. →I saw him come this morning. 主動句中的賓語補足語變成被動句后被稱作主語補足語； 在主動句中，不定式在有些動詞后作賓補要省to；而變成被動式后，這類不定式隨之變成了主補，就要加to。 結構 例句 附注 (4)主語＋情態動詞＋被動動詞

　　He should be praised by the teacher.

　　→The teacher should praise him.

　　(5)主語＋被動的短語動詞

　　My sister is taken care of by Grandma.

　　→Grandma takes care of my sister. 短語動詞變成被動式后，要保持整體性，不能漏掉介詞或副詞。

　　結構 例句 附注 (6)形式主語it＋被動詞＋主語從句

　　It is thought that she is a good teacher.

　　→Everyone thinks that she is a good teacher.

　　It was suggested that we should put off the meeting.

　　→Somebody suggested that we should put off the meeting.

　　這類句子的被動式實際上就是將主動句中的賓語從句變成主語從句。用于這類結構的謂語動詞常見的有：say, think, believe, suppose, report, hope, know, decide, etc.學習時可作句型來記憶：

　　It is said that...

　　It is believed that...

　　It is supposed that...

　　It is reported that...

　　It is known that...

　　結構 例句 附注 (7)主語＋被動動詞＋動詞不定式

　　The horse is said to run very fast. →They say that the horse runs very fast.

　　這一結構實際上是結構(6)的簡化。此例即可改成：It is said that the horse runs very fast. 同樣，結構(6)的例句1亦可改成She is thought to be a good teacher. 不難理解，(6)(7)結構的互換，就是復合句與簡單句的互換。

　　(四)使用被動語態須注意的問題 注意事項 例　句 只有及物動詞和及物動詞短語才有被動語態，不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語無被動語態，常見不及物動詞和不及物動詞短語有： appear，die，disappear，end (vi.結束)，fail，happen，last，lie，remain，sit，spread，stand，break out，come true，fall asleep，keep silent，lose heart，take place等。

　　The price has been risen.(×)The price has risen.(√)The price has raised.(×) The price has been raised.(√)The accident was happened last week.(×)

　　The accident happened last week.(√)Please seat.(×)

　　Please be seated.(√)This room is belonged to me.(×)This room belongs to me.(√) 注意事項 例　句 表示狀態的及物動詞，如have，cost，fit，last，own，hold，become等往往不能用于被動語態。

　　The shirt fits him very well.(√) He is fitted very well by the shirt.(×)

　　反身代詞在句中作賓語時，不能用被動語態。

　　You must

　　look after yourself.(√) Yourself

　　must be looked after.(×) 注意事項 例　句 短語動詞作為一個整體轉換為被動語態時，后面的介詞或副詞不能拆開或省略。

　　All the rubbish should be got rid of. The Child will be taken of by my mother. Such a thing has never been heard of before. 動詞(read / write / sell / wash / clean / wear / open / eat / lock/...)＋ 副詞(well / badly / easily / smoothly /...)表示主語的屬性特征時，用主動形式表被動含義。

　　This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.

　　This type of car sells well in China.

　　2．Food can keep fresh in a fridge. 4．This song is well worth listening to. 8．He dislikes being laughed at.