Module 3 The Violence of Nature

　　練（一第Ⅱ卷強(qiáng)化增分練——練規(guī)范

　　(限時(shí)：45分鐘)

　　Ⅰ.語法填空

　　(2024·鄭州市第一次質(zhì)檢)

　　Paris Fashion Week

　　It is a clothing trade show semi-annually held in Paris, France, with Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter events __1__ (take) place each year. Fashion Week in Paris is given twice a year right after the Milan Fashion Week. Dates are fixed by the French Fashion Federation. Currently it is held Carrousel du Louver and at some __2__ places throughout the city. Paris Fashion Week is __3__ of the big four fashion weeks internationally, the others being London Fashion Week, Milan Fashion Week and New York Fashion Week. They are to show the fashion industry __4__ the various brands will be releasing and __5__ (increase) their sales.

　　Paris, __6__ (regard) as a fashion capital like New York, Milan, and London, happens to be the headquarters (總部) of many top fashion houses like Chanel, Dior, Hermes, Louis Vuitton, etc. The French fashion has made an __7__ (impress) mark on its fans by elegance and beauty. Paris's cultural diversities __8__ (present) widely by the fact that many worldwide designers are pleased to show up with their new __9__ (design)．

　　In 2024, Paris Fashion Week for Spring/Summer started from 26 June to 30 June __10__ the Autumn/Winter event was from 24 September to 2 October.

　　語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了著名的法國巴黎時(shí)裝周。

　　1．taking　此處是介詞with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，該空前的“Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter events”與take place之間為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞taking。

　　2．other　目前，巴黎時(shí)裝周在Carrousel du Louver及這個(gè)城市其他的一些地方舉行，根據(jù)句意可知此處填形容詞other。

　　3．one　巴黎時(shí)裝周是世界四大時(shí)裝周之一。此處是“one of the ...”的結(jié)構(gòu)，因此填代詞one。

　　4．what　時(shí)裝周是為了向時(shí)尚界展示各品牌將要發(fā)布什么樣的時(shí)裝。此空后是show的賓語從句，由于在賓語從句中releasing缺少賓語，因此用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

　　5．(to) increase　時(shí)裝周的目的是在發(fā)表最新時(shí)裝的同時(shí)促進(jìn)銷售。to show和(to) increase為并列關(guān)系。

　　6．regarded　Paris和New York, Milan, London一樣被看作是時(shí)尚之都。Paris和regard之間在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞regarded。

　　7．impressive　法國的時(shí)尚以其優(yōu)雅美麗的風(fēng)格給其愛好者留下了深刻的(impressive)印象。

　　8．a(chǎn)re presented　這里表客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；又因句子的主語與present之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即are presented。

　　9．designs　design意為“設(shè)計(jì)”，為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)的意義，因此填designs。

　　10．while/and　while在這里表對(duì)比關(guān)系，意思是“而”；此處也可以用and表并列關(guān)系，意思是“和”，故while和and均符合語境。

　　Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)

　　(2024·貴州八校第二次聯(lián)考)In the countryside there are some children dropped out of school. The reasons of this are different. Some families are very poor to afford the education of their children. Some parents think useless for girls to attend school, so that their daughters lost the chance. Some children are unwilling to attend school for lack of interests in their studies. In my opinion, every child should have the chance to receive an education, whether boys and girls. Besides, the government should take effect measures to guarantee children's right of education because we will play important roles in developing our country in the future.

　　答案：第一句：dropped→dropping

　　第二句：of→for

　　第三句：very→too

　　第四句：think后加it; lost→lose

　　第五句：interests→interest

　　第六句：去掉an; and→or

　　第七句：effect→effective; we→they

　　Ⅲ.書面表達(dá)

　　(2024·河北省邢臺(tái)市摸底考試)假如你是李華，目前正在一所外國語學(xué)校讀高中。最近一段時(shí)間你比較關(guān)注美國文化，尤其對(duì)美國的節(jié)日感興趣。請你給你的美國網(wǎng)友Tom寫一封電子郵件，詢問他關(guān)于感恩節(jié)的一些情況。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：

　　1．介紹自己的近況；

　　2．詢問他關(guān)于感恩節(jié)的一些情況(起源、慶祝的時(shí)間和方式等)；

　　3．表示感謝。

　　注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

　　2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

　　3．開頭和落款已為你寫好，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Dear Tom，

　　Thanks for your e-mail last time.____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　參考范文：

　　Dear Tom，

　　Thanks for your e-mail last time. I'd like to tell you that I am now focusing my attention on American culture, especially American festivals.

　　When it comes to American festivals, what attracts me most is Thanksgiving Day. Since I have never spent the festival in America in person, I know little about it. I would appreciate it greatly if you can tell me something about it. My questions are as follows: How did it come into being? When and how do people celebrate it? What's its significance?

　　I hope you can give me assistance in this problem and thank you in advance.

　　Best wishes!

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　練（二閱讀理解組合練——練短板

　　(限時(shí)：15分鐘)

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　(2024·河北普通畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢查)The term “smog” was first used in London during the early 1900's to describe the combination of smoke and fog. What we typically call “smog” today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of ground-level ozone (臭氧)．

　　Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on where it stays. The ozone staying high above the Earth protects human health and the environment,

　　but ground-level ozone is responsible for the choking, coughing, and painful eyes associated with smog. The ozone in smog also prevents plants growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forest.

　　Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds. Weather and geography affect the position and severity of smog. Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can form faster and be more severe on a hot and sunny day. When warm air stays near the ground instead of rising and winds are calm, smog may stay trapped over your city for days. As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse. Smog is often more severe away from the pollution sources because the chemical reactions that cause smog occur in the atmosphere while the reacting chemicals are being moved by the wind.

　　Smog is a visible example of air pollution. You can look into the distance during the day to see how much smog there is in the air. In addition, most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public.

　　Environmental Protection Agency sets national standards for pollutants. Areas that fail to meet the standards for at least one air pollutant are called “nonattainment (不達(dá)標(biāo)) areas”. New measures are being taken by local governments across the country to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas. These include: banning charcoal barbecues and wood burning in stoves or fireplaces when pollution levels are high; developing programs to encourage carpooling and voluntary “ozone actions”； limiting traffic in overcrowded areas; expanding or improving public transportation systems; requiring employers to contribute to employee public transportation costs; assessing “smog fees” on cars according to the number of miles driven and vehicle emissions (排放) produced; and even buying and breaking up older “super-dirty” cars.

　　語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要談?wù)摿藷熿F的形成原因、危害以及地方政府針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象所采取的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。

　　1．According to the passage, ground-level ozone can______.

　　A．damage the environment

　　B．benefit human health

　　C．protect crops and forest

　　D．limit the spread of smog

　　解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...but ground-level ozone is ... damage to crops and forest.”可知，地平面上的臭氧對(duì)環(huán)境和人體是有壞處的。故選A。

　　2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．Air quality is better in time of calm wind.

　　B．Smog is more severe near pollution sources.

　　C．It takes more time for smog to form in hot weather.

　　D．Chemical reactions occur in the moving air and cause smog.

　　解析：選D　正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“because the chemical reactions ... by the wind”可知，化學(xué)反應(yīng)在流動(dòng)的空氣里發(fā)生并且導(dǎo)致了煙霧。故選D。

　　3．Which indication shows more exact the air is poor?

　　A．Heavy motor vehicle traffic in big cities.

　　B．Widespread damage of crops and forest.

　　C．Clear outlines of hills in the distance.

　　D．High concentrations of pollutants in the air.

　　解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，空氣中高濃度的污染物能較準(zhǔn)確地表明空氣質(zhì)量差。故選D。

　　4．What is included in the measures being taken by the local governments?

　　A．Unconditional banning of wood burning.

　　B．Encouraging carpooling and public transportation.

　　C．Charging all the vehicles more “smog fees”．

　　D．Buying new cars to replace super-dirty old cars.

　　解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“developing programs to encourage carpooling...”以及“expanding or improving public transportation systems” 可知，地方政府采取的措施包括鼓勵(lì)人們拼車，擴(kuò)大和改進(jìn)公共交通運(yùn)輸體系等。故選B。

　　Ⅱ.閱讀七選五

　　(2024·唐山市高三一模)Smoggy weather has become common in China. But these days, air pollution levels in the northeastern city of Harbin surpassed the previous record levels.

　　The city was essentially shut down after PM2.5, fine particulate (微粒的) pollution that is considered dangerous, reached levels of 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter — __1__. Schools, motorways and an airport were closed on Tuesday as visibility in some areas of the city dropped to less than 10 meters.

　　__2___. It stated that there is “sufficient evidence” that exposure to outdoor air pollution causes lung cancer. __3__. Moreover, it's said that exposure has increased significantly particularly in “rapidly industrial countries with large populations”．

　　On the Chinese social media site Weibo, many users complained about the pollution and shared their concerns. __4__. Nowadays, there is a sarcastic play on the expression “serve the people”， as the two have a similar pronunciation.

　　“__5__. There won't be a sudden outbreak of symptoms, but normally three to five days after the smoggy weather occurs, there is a peak in the number of people seeing doctors，” Deng Ying, a doctor at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University was quoted as saying.

　　A．The impact of air pollution on people will be gradual

　　B．Smog has been regarded as the biggest killer nowadays in China

　　C．Just days previously, the World Health Organization classified air pollution as a carcinogen (致癌物)

　　D．The faster smog comes, the faster it goes away

　　E．References to “feed people with smog” have become popular on Weibo

　　F．40 times the safety level reminded by the World Health Organization

　　G．And meanwhile, the risk of bladder cancer is also closely connected with it

　　答案：1～5　FCGEA

　　Module 3 The Violence of Nature

　　練（一第Ⅱ卷強(qiáng)化增分練——練規(guī)范

　　(限時(shí)：45分鐘)

　　Ⅰ.語法填空

　　(2024·鄭州市第一次質(zhì)檢)

　　Paris Fashion Week

　　It is a clothing trade show semi-annually held in Paris, France, with Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter events __1__ (take) place each year. Fashion Week in Paris is given twice a year right after the Milan Fashion Week. Dates are fixed by the French Fashion Federation. Currently it is held Carrousel du Louver and at some __2__ places throughout the city. Paris Fashion Week is __3__ of the big four fashion weeks internationally, the others being London Fashion Week, Milan Fashion Week and New York Fashion Week. They are to show the fashion industry __4__ the various brands will be releasing and __5__ (increase) their sales.

　　Paris, __6__ (regard) as a fashion capital like New York, Milan, and London, happens to be the headquarters (總部) of many top fashion houses like Chanel, Dior, Hermes, Louis Vuitton, etc. The French fashion has made an __7__ (impress) mark on its fans by elegance and beauty. Paris's cultural diversities __8__ (present) widely by the fact that many worldwide designers are pleased to show up with their new __9__ (design)．

　　In 2024, Paris Fashion Week for Spring/Summer started from 26 June to 30 June __10__ the Autumn/Winter event was from 24 September to 2 October.

　　語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了著名的法國巴黎時(shí)裝周。

　　1．taking　此處是介詞with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，該空前的“Spring/Summer and Autumn/Winter events”與take place之間為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞taking。

　　2．other　目前，巴黎時(shí)裝周在Carrousel du Louver及這個(gè)城市其他的一些地方舉行，根據(jù)句意可知此處填形容詞other。

　　3．one　巴黎時(shí)裝周是世界四大時(shí)裝周之一。此處是“one of the ...”的結(jié)構(gòu)，因此填代詞one。

　　4．what　時(shí)裝周是為了向時(shí)尚界展示各品牌將要發(fā)布什么樣的時(shí)裝。此空后是show的賓語從句，由于在賓語從句中releasing缺少賓語，因此用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句。

　　5．(to) increase　時(shí)裝周的目的是在發(fā)表最新時(shí)裝的同時(shí)促進(jìn)銷售。to show和(to) increase為并列關(guān)系。

　　6．regarded　Paris和New York, Milan, London一樣被看作是時(shí)尚之都。Paris和regard之間在邏輯上是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞regarded。

　　7．impressive　法國的時(shí)尚以其優(yōu)雅美麗的風(fēng)格給其愛好者留下了深刻的(impressive)印象。

　　8．a(chǎn)re presented　這里表客觀事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；又因句子的主語與present之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，即are presented。

　　9．designs　design意為“設(shè)計(jì)”，為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)的意義，因此填designs。

　　10．while/and　while在這里表對(duì)比關(guān)系，意思是“而”；此處也可以用and表并列關(guān)系，意思是“和”，故while和and均符合語境。

　　Ⅱ.短文改錯(cuò)

　　(2024·貴州八校第二次聯(lián)考)In the countryside there are some children dropped out of school. The reasons of this are different. Some families are very poor to afford the education of their children. Some parents think useless for girls to attend school, so that their daughters lost the chance. Some children are unwilling to attend school for lack of interests in their studies. In my opinion, every child should have the chance to receive an education, whether boys and girls. Besides, the government should take effect measures to guarantee children's right of education because we will play important roles in developing our country in the future.

　　答案：第一句：dropped→dropping

　　第二句：of→for

　　第三句：very→too

　　第四句：think后加it; lost→lose

　　第五句：interests→interest

　　第六句：去掉an; and→or

　　第七句：effect→effective; we→they

　　Ⅲ.書面表達(dá)

　　(2024·河北省邢臺(tái)市摸底考試)假如你是李華，目前正在一所外國語學(xué)校讀高中。最近一段時(shí)間你比較關(guān)注美國文化，尤其對(duì)美國的節(jié)日感興趣。請你給你的美國網(wǎng)友Tom寫一封電子郵件，詢問他關(guān)于感恩節(jié)的一些情況。內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)如下：

　　1．介紹自己的近況；

　　2．詢問他關(guān)于感恩節(jié)的一些情況(起源、慶祝的時(shí)間和方式等)；

　　3．表示感謝。

　　注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；

　　2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；

　　3．開頭和落款已為你寫好，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。Dear Tom，

　　Thanks for your e-mail last time.____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　________________________________________________________________________

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　參考范文：

　　Dear Tom，

　　Thanks for your e-mail last time. I'd like to tell you that I am now focusing my attention on American culture, especially American festivals.

　　When it comes to American festivals, what attracts me most is Thanksgiving Day. Since I have never spent the festival in America in person, I know little about it. I would appreciate it greatly if you can tell me something about it. My questions are as follows: How did it come into being? When and how do people celebrate it? What's its significance?

　　I hope you can give me assistance in this problem and thank you in advance.

　　Best wishes!

　　Yours，

　　Li Hua

　　練（二閱讀理解組合練——練短板

　　(限時(shí)：15分鐘)

　　Ⅰ.閱讀理解

　　(2024·河北普通畢業(yè)班質(zhì)量檢查)The term “smog” was first used in London during the early 1900's to describe the combination of smoke and fog. What we typically call “smog” today is a mixture of pollutants but is primarily made up of ground-level ozone (臭氧)．

　　Ozone can be beneficial or harmful depending on where it stays. The ozone staying high above the Earth protects human health and the environment,

　　but ground-level ozone is responsible for the choking, coughing, and painful eyes associated with smog. The ozone in smog also prevents plants growth and can cause widespread damage to crops and forest.

　　Major smog occurrences often are linked to heavy motor vehicle traffic, high temperatures, sunshine, and calm winds. Weather and geography affect the position and severity of smog. Because temperature regulates the length of time it takes for smog to form, smog can form faster and be more severe on a hot and sunny day. When warm air stays near the ground instead of rising and winds are calm, smog may stay trapped over your city for days. As traffic and other sources add more pollutants to the air, the smog gets worse. Smog is often more severe away from the pollution sources because the chemical reactions that cause smog occur in the atmosphere while the reacting chemicals are being moved by the wind.

　　Smog is a visible example of air pollution. You can look into the distance during the day to see how much smog there is in the air. In addition, most cities measure the concentrations of pollutants in the air and report the results to the public.

　　Environmental Protection Agency sets national standards for pollutants. Areas that fail to meet the standards for at least one air pollutant are called “nonattainment (不達(dá)標(biāo)) areas”. New measures are being taken by local governments across the country to reduce air pollution in nonattainment areas. These include: banning charcoal barbecues and wood burning in stoves or fireplaces when pollution levels are high; developing programs to encourage carpooling and voluntary “ozone actions”； limiting traffic in overcrowded areas; expanding or improving public transportation systems; requiring employers to contribute to employee public transportation costs; assessing “smog fees” on cars according to the number of miles driven and vehicle emissions (排放) produced; and even buying and breaking up older “super-dirty” cars.

　　語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章主要談?wù)摿藷熿F的形成原因、危害以及地方政府針對(duì)這一現(xiàn)象所采取的應(yīng)對(duì)措施。

　　1．According to the passage, ground-level ozone can______.

　　A．damage the environment

　　B．benefit human health

　　C．protect crops and forest

　　D．limit the spread of smog

　　解析：選A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...but ground-level ozone is ... damage to crops and forest.”可知，地平面上的臭氧對(duì)環(huán)境和人體是有壞處的。故選A。

　　2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．Air quality is better in time of calm wind.

　　B．Smog is more severe near pollution sources.

　　C．It takes more time for smog to form in hot weather.

　　D．Chemical reactions occur in the moving air and cause smog.

　　解析：選D　正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句中的“because the chemical reactions ... by the wind”可知，化學(xué)反應(yīng)在流動(dòng)的空氣里發(fā)生并且導(dǎo)致了煙霧。故選D。

　　3．Which indication shows more exact the air is poor?

　　A．Heavy motor vehicle traffic in big cities.

　　B．Widespread damage of crops and forest.

　　C．Clear outlines of hills in the distance.

　　D．High concentrations of pollutants in the air.

　　解析：選D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句可知，空氣中高濃度的污染物能較準(zhǔn)確地表明空氣質(zhì)量差。故選D。

　　4．What is included in the measures being taken by the local governments?

　　A．Unconditional banning of wood burning.

　　B．Encouraging carpooling and public transportation.

　　C．Charging all the vehicles more “smog fees”．

　　D．Buying new cars to replace super-dirty old cars.

　　解析：選B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“developing programs to encourage carpooling...”以及“expanding or improving public transportation systems” 可知，地方政府采取的措施包括鼓勵(lì)人們拼車，擴(kuò)大和改進(jìn)公共交通運(yùn)輸體系等。故選B。

　　Ⅱ.閱讀七選五

　　(2024·唐山市高三一模)Smoggy weather has become common in China. But these days, air pollution levels in the northeastern city of Harbin surpassed the previous record levels.

　　The city was essentially shut down after PM2.5, fine particulate (微粒的) pollution that is considered dangerous, reached levels of 1,000 micrograms per cubic meter — __1__. Schools, motorways and an airport were closed on Tuesday as visibility in some areas of the city dropped to less than 10 meters.

　　__2___. It stated that there is “sufficient evidence” that exposure to outdoor air pollution causes lung cancer. __3__. Moreover, it's said that exposure has increased significantly particularly in “rapidly industrial countries with large populations”．

　　On the Chinese social media site Weibo, many users complained about the pollution and shared their concerns. __4__. Nowadays, there is a sarcastic play on the expression “serve the people”， as the two have a similar pronunciation.

　　“__5__. There won't be a sudden outbreak of symptoms, but normally three to five days after the smoggy weather occurs, there is a peak in the number of people seeing doctors，” Deng Ying, a doctor at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University was quoted as saying.

　　A．The impact of air pollution on people will be gradual

　　B．Smog has been regarded as the biggest killer nowadays in China

　　C．Just days previously, the World Health Organization classified air pollution as a carcinogen (致癌物)

　　D．The faster smog comes, the faster it goes away

　　E．References to “feed people with smog” have become popular on Weibo

　　F．40 times the safety level reminded by the World Health Organization

　　G．And meanwhile, the risk of bladder cancer is also closely connected with it

　　答案：1～5　FCGEA