★在“It is / was +形容詞或過(guò)去分詞+ that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句中，表示命令、愿望、建議等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“should +動(dòng)詞原形”，should也可省略。 如： It is necessary that a college student (should) master a foreign language.

　　It is desired that this rule (should) be brought to the attention of the staff.

　　★動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句中動(dòng)詞用“had +過(guò)去分詞”；表示將來(lái)很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，從句中動(dòng)詞用“would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”。如：

　　How I wish I was there with you.

　　I wish I hadn’t lost the chance.

　　I wish he would / could / might go with us to the theatre.

　　★在would sooner, would rather等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用“had +過(guò)去分詞”。如：

　　I would sooner he left on the earlier train.

　　I’d rather you went tomorrow.

　　I’d rather you hadn’t done that. ★表示“建議、命令、要求、堅(jiān)決做”等動(dòng)詞（如suggest, demand, require, request, order, insist等）后的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)常用“（should +）動(dòng)詞原形”。如：

　　I suggest you (should) have enough sleep.

　　I recommend that everyone (should) attend the party.

　　★虛擬語(yǔ)氣還可用在表示愿望、建議、命令、請(qǐng)求等的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”，should也可省略。如：

　　Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

　　He made the decision that nothing (should) hold him back. 2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法 ★虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法：

　　條件句 從句中謂語(yǔ)的形式 主句中謂語(yǔ)的形式 表示現(xiàn)在情況 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式用were） should? / would? / might? / could +動(dòng)詞原形 條件句 從句中謂語(yǔ)的形式 主句中謂語(yǔ)的形式 表示將來(lái)情況 should +動(dòng)詞原形；were to +動(dòng)詞原形；動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式用were） should? / would? / might? / could +動(dòng)詞原形 表示過(guò)去情況 had +過(guò)去分詞 should? / would ?/ might? / could + have +過(guò)去分詞 ★在錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句（即主句和從句所指的時(shí)間不一致）中，動(dòng)詞的形式需要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。如：

　　If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.

　　If it had rained last night, it might be very cold today.

　　If she were to leave, I would have heard about it.

　　★含蓄條件句

　　有時(shí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件并不是直接通過(guò)條件句來(lái)表示，而是用一些詞或短語(yǔ)（如under, with, without, but for等）或上下文暗示來(lái)說(shuō)明。句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一般表示過(guò)去的情況，這種句子叫含蓄條件句。如： We could have done better under more favourable conditions (= if we had been given more favourable conditions).

　　Without your help (= If you hadn’t helped me), I couldn’t have succeeded.

　　But for the heavy traffic (= If the traffic had not been so heavy), we would have arrived earlier.

　　He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy (= if he had not been so busy).

　　3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣中if的省略 如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)中有were, had或should等詞，可將if省略，而把這幾個(gè)詞放在句首，其意義與帶有if的條件句相同。如： If I were to do the work, I should do it some other way. → Were I to do the work, I should do it some other way.

　　4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其它狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法

　　★在由as if或as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were）或“had +過(guò)去分詞”。如：

　　She is walking slowly as if she were tired. ★在由lest, for fear that, in case等引導(dǎo)的從句中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式為“should +動(dòng)詞原形”。如：

　　I ran as fast as possible lest I should be too late.

　　★在由in order that, so that或that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式為“may / might / could +動(dòng)詞原形”。如：

　　In order that everybody may understand it, write it in simple language.

　　1. 在if條件句中的用法 Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

　　A. have had ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. had had C. have ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. had

　　D 2. 特殊用法 Had they known what was coming next, they _____ second thoughts.?? A. may have ? ? ? ? ? ? B. could have C. must have had ? ? D. might have had

　　由Had they known可知，虛擬條件從句中省略了if，將had提前。從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，所以主句謂語(yǔ)用“should / would / could / might + have +過(guò)去分詞”。

　　D 3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用 Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____ something instead of just talking.

　　A. will do ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. has done C. do ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. did

　　4. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用 —Where are the children? The dinner’s

　　going to be completely ruined. —I wish they _____ always late.

　　A. weren’t ? ? ? ? ? ? B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be????? ?? D. wouldn’t have been D A

　　5. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if / though引導(dǎo)的從句中的運(yùn)用 Don’t handle the vase as if it _____ made of steel.?

　　A. is ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. were C. has been ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. had been B

　　從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填 入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. We would rather our daughter _____ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.?

　　A. would stay???? ????????????? B. has stayed

　　C. stayed???? ???????????? ?????? D. stay C 2. _____ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.?

　　A. Did he catch ? ? ? B. Should he catch

　　C. Has he caught????D. Had he caught 3. People are recycling many things which they _____ away in the past.?

　　A. had thrown

　　B. will be throwing

　　C. were throwing

　　D. would have thrown D D 5. If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.?

　　A. were

　　B. had been

　　C. should be??

　　D. was 5. We _____ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.?

　　A. are????????????????????????? B. were

　　C. will be????????????? ????? D. would be B D 6. _____ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.?

　　A. Were there???? ?? B. Had there been

　　C. If there are??? ????D. If there have been 7. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _____ it??

　　A. had done???? ??????????????? B. have done

　　C. did ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. am doing A A 8. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.?

　　A. would have come?????? B. could come

　　C. have come????? ??????????? D. had come A

　　★在“It is / was +形容詞或過(guò)去分詞+ that從句”結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)從句中，表示命令、愿望、建議等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“should +動(dòng)詞原形”，should也可省略。 如： It is necessary that a college student (should) master a foreign language.

　　It is desired that this rule (should) be brought to the attention of the staff.

　　★動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句中動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式；表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句中動(dòng)詞用“had +過(guò)去分詞”；表示將來(lái)很難實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望時(shí)，從句中動(dòng)詞用“would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”。如：

　　How I wish I was there with you.

　　I wish I hadn’t lost the chance.

　　I wish he would / could / might go with us to the theatre.

　　★在would sooner, would rather等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句中動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式，已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用“had +過(guò)去分詞”。如：

　　I would sooner he left on the earlier train.

　　I’d rather you went tomorrow.

　　I’d rather you hadn’t done that. ★表示“建議、命令、要求、堅(jiān)決做”等動(dòng)詞（如suggest, demand, require, request, order, insist等）后的賓語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)常用“（should +）動(dòng)詞原形”。如：

　　I suggest you (should) have enough sleep.

　　I recommend that everyone (should) attend the party.

　　★虛擬語(yǔ)氣還可用在表示愿望、建議、命令、請(qǐng)求等的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)用“should +動(dòng)詞原形”，should也可省略。如：

　　Our only request is that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.

　　He made the decision that nothing (should) hold him back. 2. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的用法 ★虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法：

　　條件句 從句中謂語(yǔ)的形式 主句中謂語(yǔ)的形式 表示現(xiàn)在情況 動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式用were） should? / would? / might? / could +動(dòng)詞原形 條件句 從句中謂語(yǔ)的形式 主句中謂語(yǔ)的形式 表示將來(lái)情況 should +動(dòng)詞原形；were to +動(dòng)詞原形；動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be的過(guò)去式用were） should? / would? / might? / could +動(dòng)詞原形 表示過(guò)去情況 had +過(guò)去分詞 should? / would ?/ might? / could + have +過(guò)去分詞 ★在錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句（即主句和從句所指的時(shí)間不一致）中，動(dòng)詞的形式需要根據(jù)表示的時(shí)間來(lái)調(diào)整。如：

　　If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now.

　　If it had rained last night, it might be very cold today.

　　If she were to leave, I would have heard about it.

　　★含蓄條件句

　　有時(shí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的條件并不是直接通過(guò)條件句來(lái)表示，而是用一些詞或短語(yǔ)（如under, with, without, but for等）或上下文暗示來(lái)說(shuō)明。句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣一般表示過(guò)去的情況，這種句子叫含蓄條件句。如： We could have done better under more favourable conditions (= if we had been given more favourable conditions).

　　Without your help (= If you hadn’t helped me), I couldn’t have succeeded.

　　But for the heavy traffic (= If the traffic had not been so heavy), we would have arrived earlier.

　　He would have given you more help, but he has been so busy (= if he had not been so busy).

　　3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣中if的省略 如果條件從句的謂語(yǔ)中有were, had或should等詞，可將if省略，而把這幾個(gè)詞放在句首，其意義與帶有if的條件句相同。如： If I were to do the work, I should do it some other way. → Were I to do the work, I should do it some other way.

　　4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在其它狀語(yǔ)從句中的用法

　　★在由as if或as though引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式為動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be用were）或“had +過(guò)去分詞”。如：

　　She is walking slowly as if she were tired. ★在由lest, for fear that, in case等引導(dǎo)的從句中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式為“should +動(dòng)詞原形”。如：

　　I ran as fast as possible lest I should be too late.

　　★在由in order that, so that或that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形式為“may / might / could +動(dòng)詞原形”。如：

　　In order that everybody may understand it, write it in simple language.

　　1. 在if條件句中的用法 Sorry, I am too busy now. If I _____ time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.

　　A. have had ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. had had C. have ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. had

　　D 2. 特殊用法 Had they known what was coming next, they _____ second thoughts.?? A. may have ? ? ? ? ? ? B. could have C. must have had ? ? D. might have had

　　由Had they known可知，虛擬條件從句中省略了if，將had提前。從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，所以主句謂語(yǔ)用“should / would / could / might + have +過(guò)去分詞”。

　　D 3. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的運(yùn)用 Jack is a great talker. It’s high time that he _____ something instead of just talking.

　　A. will do ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B. has done C. do ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. did

　　4. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用 —Where are the children? The dinner’s

　　going to be completely ruined. —I wish they _____ always late.

　　A. weren’t ? ? ? ? ? ? B. hadn’t been C. wouldn’t be????? ?? D. wouldn’t have been D A

　　5. 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在as if / though引導(dǎo)的從句中的運(yùn)用 Don’t handle the vase as if it _____ made of steel.?

　　A. is ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B. were C. has been ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D. had been B

　　從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填 入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. We would rather our daughter _____ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.?

　　A. would stay???? ????????????? B. has stayed

　　C. stayed???? ???????????? ?????? D. stay C 2. _____ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.?

　　A. Did he catch ? ? ? B. Should he catch

　　C. Has he caught????D. Had he caught 3. People are recycling many things which they _____ away in the past.?

　　A. had thrown

　　B. will be throwing

　　C. were throwing

　　D. would have thrown D D 5. If Mr. Dewey _____ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.?

　　A. were

　　B. had been

　　C. should be??

　　D. was 5. We _____ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map.?

　　A. are????????????????????????? B. were

　　C. will be????????????? ????? D. would be B D 6. _____ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.?

　　A. Were there???? ?? B. Had there been

　　C. If there are??? ????D. If there have been 7. It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I _____ it??

　　A. had done???? ??????????????? B. have done

　　C. did ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? D. am doing A A 8. They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they _____ to our help.?

　　A. would have come?????? B. could come

　　C. have come????? ??????????? D. had come A