2024屆高考英語一輪基礎知識復習課件:必修3 Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars(新人教版)
③It has been ________ ________ for more than 500 years. 它已經存在500多年了。 ④Nowadays, there are still many people wondering when the earth ________ ________ ________. 現在仍有很多人想知道,地球是何時產生的。 答案:①exist on ②There existed ③in existence ④came into existence 3.puzzle n.迷;難題 vi & vt. (使)迷惑;(使)為難 歸納拓展 puzzle about/over 苦苦思索;仔細琢磨 puzzle sth. out 琢磨出……的答案;開動腦筋 be puzzled by 被……迷惑 be in a puzzle about sth. 對某事感到不解 set a puzzle for sb. (=set sb. a puzzle) 出個謎語讓某人猜 be in a puzzle 不知如何是好 puzzled adj. 感到困惑的 puzzling adj. 令人困惑的 ③Where the missing plane has gone still remains a puzzle ________ us. 失聯飛機去了哪兒對我們來說仍是個謎。 ④There was a ________(puzzle) look on the little girl's face because a ________(puzzle) problem ________(puzzle) her. 在這個小女孩的臉上帶著迷惑的表情,因為一道令人迷惑的問題讓她感到困惑。 答案:①puzzled ②about/over ③to ④puzzled; puzzling; puzzled 4.pull n. &vt. 拉(力);托;牽引力 歸納拓展 pull through 康復;痊愈 pull back 拉回來;縮回;(使)后退;撤退 pull down 拉下(窗簾等);拆毀;拆掉(房屋等) pull out 拔出;(列車等)出站;啟程 pull in (列車等)駛進;到站;(船)靠岸 pull together 齊心協力;團結起來 pull sb. through (使)渡過危機(難關) pull ... up 把……往上拽;停止 pull over (機動車輛等)停靠(在路邊)
③He pulled ________ his coat and joined us in the work. 他脫去上衣,便和我們一起干了起來。 ④The police car signaled to us to pull ________. 警車發出信號,要我們駛向路邊停靠。 答案:①out ②down ③off ④in 1.prevent/stop/keep ... from ... 阻止/防止……做/發生 歸納拓展 在主動語態的句子中,stop和prevent后的from可省略,但keep后的不可省略;在被動語態中,這三個短語中的from均不可省略。 比較:protect ... from ... 保護……不受……(傷害)
③The farmers ________ wheat ________ heavy rain with rain clothes. 農民們用雨布遮住小麥以防被大雨澆壞。 答案:①prevented/stopped/kept us from going ②was;prevented/stopped/kept from ③protect;from 2.in time 及時;終于 歸納拓展 on time 準時 all the time 一直;始終 at one time 曾經;一度 at a time 每次;逐一 at times 有時;間或 at all times 隨時;總是 from time to time 有時;偶爾
in no time 立刻;馬上 at no time 絕不 time and time again 一次又一次;一再 take one's time 別著急;慢慢來 keep up with the time 與時俱進
⑤Don't try to do everything at once; take it a bit ____________________. ⑥We arrived in the summer, just ____________________ to enjoy the midnight sun. 答案:①in time ②At no time ③at the same time ④At one time ⑤at a time ⑥in time
3.now that 由于;既然 歸納拓展 since與now that (既然)引導的原因狀語從句一般置于主句之前;because(因為)引導的原因狀語從句通常放在主句之后;as引導的原因狀語從句一般位于主句前,也可位于主句后。此外,并列連詞for也可表示原因,引導的原因分句只能放在另一個分句之后。
④He must be a good student, ________(因為) he's always careful with his lessons. 答案:①Now that(=Since) ②Now that(=Since) ③because ④for 4.in one's turn 輪到某人;接著 歸納拓展 in turn 依次;輪流;反之;反過來 by turns 輪流;交替地 take turns to do sth. 輪流做某事 It is one's turn to do sth. 輪到某人做某事 take one's turn 輪到某人 on the turn 正在轉變;正在變化 out of turn 不合時宜地;魯莽地 take a turn 轉變
③It turned ________ that this young man was none other than the old man's son. 結果證明這個年輕人正是那位老人的兒子。 答案:①in ②to drive ③out
5.cheer up感到高興;感到振奮 歸納拓展 cheer sb. up 使某人振作起來 cheer sb. on (比賽中)以喝彩聲鼓勵某人;為某人加油 Cheers! [口語](用于祝酒)干杯!
③I propose a toast to our friendship and cooperation. ________(cheer)! 我提議為我們的友情與互助,干杯! 答案:①was cheered ②to cheer her up ③Cheers 1.So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 本句中的兩個whether分別引導主語從句和賓語從句。
歸納拓展 whether與if引導名詞性從句時的區別: (1)whether可以直接與or not連用,if不可以。 (2)引導位于句首的主語從句,用whether,不用if。 (3)引導表語從句和同位語從句,用whether,不用if。 (4)動詞不定式之前用whether,不用if。 (5)介詞之后的賓語從句用whether,不用if。 答案:①Whether we'll go camping tomorrow ②whether it is necessary for him to study abroad ③if you can help me
2.But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 而當我試著向前邁步的時候,我發覺我被送出去很遠,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的兩倍,因而我摔倒了。 本句中的twice as ... as ...表示“是……的幾倍”,該句型中的twice也可用half, one-third等詞,表示“是……的一半/幾分之幾”。 歸納拓展 有關倍數的表達方式還有: ①倍數+as+adj./adv.+as ... ②倍數+as+many/much+名詞+as ... ③倍數+形容詞/副詞的比較級+than ... ④倍數+the+名詞+of ... ⑤倍數+the+(計量)名詞+of ... [溫馨提示](1)在“倍數+the+名詞+of”結構中,常用的名詞有size, height, weight, length, width等。 (2)兩倍用twice或double,不到一倍用分數表示,三倍或三倍以上一般用times來表示,如three times, four times等。 第一部分 必修三 路漫漫其修遠兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語 人教版 · 高考總復習 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 必修三 第一部分 基礎知識聚焦 考點探究演練 2 基礎知識鞏固 3 基礎知識晨記 1 基礎知識晨記 Ⅰ.單詞速記 A.快速識記 1.________ n.衛星 2.________ n.氣候 3.__________ n.宇宙飛船 4.________ n.引力;重力 5.___________ n.氣氛;大氣層 6.________ n.宗教→________ adj.宗教的 7.________ n.生物→________ n.生物學家 8.________ n.物理→________ n.物理學家 9.__________ n.天文學→__________ n.天文學家 satellite climate spaceship gravity atmosphere religion religious
biology
biologist
physics
physicist
astronomy
astronomer
10.________ adv.因此;于是→ (同義詞)___________________________ 11.________ vi.存在;生存→________ n.生存;存在 12.________ n.& vt.拉;拖→(反義詞)________ n.& vt.推 13.________ prep.不像;不同→(反義詞)________ prep.像 14.________ n.地球;球體→________ adj.環球的;全球的 15.________ adj.猛烈的;激烈的;強暴的→________ n.暴力 thus
therefore/consequently/hence
exist
existence
pull
push
unlike
like
globe
global
violent
violence
16.________ n.系統;體系;制度→___________ adj.系統的;有系統的 17.________ adj.有害的→________ n.損害;傷害→(反義詞)________ adj.無害的 18.________ n.理論;學說→__________ adj.理論上的;理論的→____________ adv.理論上 19.________ n.謎;難題
v.(使)迷惑→________ adj.令人困惑的→________ adj.困惑的 20.____________ adj.基本的;基礎的→____________ adv.根本上;從根本上→___________________ n.基礎;根本 system
systematic
harmful
harm
harmless
theory
theoretical
theoretically
puzzle
puzzling
puzzled
fundamental
fundamentally
fundament/foundation
B.歸類巧記 1.與“太空”有關的高頻單詞集錦 ①astronomy n. 天文學 ②astronomer n.
天文學家 ③astronaut n.
宇航員 ④gravity n.
萬有引力 ⑤satellite n.
衛星 ⑥planet n.
行星 ⑦orbit n.
軌道
⑧spaceship n.
宇宙飛船 ⑨universe n.
宇宙 ⑩launch vt.
發射 ?explore vt.
探索;勘探 ?solar adj.
太陽的 ?shuttle n.
航天飛機 ?globe n.
地球;球體
2.表示“性格良好”的形容詞薈萃 ①gentle
溫和的 ②easy-going
隨和的 ③outgoing
外向的 ④frank
直率的 ⑤generous
慷慨的 ⑥upright
正直的 3.un-前綴高頻形容詞全接觸 ①like→unlike
不像的 ②able→unable
不能……的 ③acceptable→unacceptable
不能接受的 ④believable→unbelievable
不可相信的 ⑤certain→uncertain
不確定的 ⑥clear→unclear
不清楚的 ⑦comfortable→uncomfortable
不舒服的 ⑧fair→unfair
不公平的 Ⅱ.高頻短語 1.及時_______________________________ 2.下蛋_______________________________ 3.生;分娩_______________________________ 4.輪到某人;接著_______________________________ 5.阻止某人做某事_______________________________ 6.擋住_______________________________ 7.感到高興;振作_______________________________ 8.既然_______________________________ 9.爆發_______________________________ 10.密切注視;當心;提防_______________________ in time
lay eggs
give birth to
in one's turn
prevent sb.from doing sth.
block out
cheer up
now that
break out
watch out (for)
11.熟悉;掌握;理解____________________________ 12.對……有害_______________________________ 13.太陽系_______________________________ 14.二氧化碳_______________________________ 15.將要做_______________________________ 16.允許某人做某事_______________________________ 17.對……感到驚訝_______________________________ 18.在……的氛圍中_______________________________ 19.奠定基礎_______________________________ 20.一連串的_______________________________ get the hang of
be harmful to/do harm to
solar system
carbon dioxide
be to do
allow sb.to do sth.
be amazed at
in the atmosphere of
lay the foundation
a chain of
Ⅲ.佳句填空 1.________ was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental ________ the development of life. 水會對生命的發展起關鍵作用,這一點在當時并不太明顯。 2.What it was ________(become) was uncertain ________ between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago ________ the dust settled into a solid globe. 它會變成什么,當時還沒有人知道,直到38至45億年前,這團塵埃才慢慢地形成一個固體的球體。 3.What is even ________(important) is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on
________ surface. 更為重要的是,地球冷卻了下來,地球的表面就開始出現了水。 4.So ________ life will continue on the earth for millions of years ________(come) will depend on whether this problem can ________(solve). 所以,在未來的數百萬年中,生命能否在地球上延續取決于這個問題能否得到解決。
5.I cheered up immediately and ________(float) weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin ________(watch) the earth become smaller and the moon ________(large). 我立刻高興起來,由于失重,我在太空艙里飄來飄去,我望著(身后的)地球越來越小,而(前方的)月球越來越大。 答案:1.It; to 2.to become; until; when 3.more important; its 4.whether; to come; be solved 5.floated; watching; larger
Ⅳ.語法過關 主語從句 1.________ he considered a great proposal was turned down by the boss at the meeting. 答案:What 考查主語從句。句意:他認為很好的一個提議在會議上被老板否定了。空處引導主語從句,在從句中作賓語,不指人,故填what。
2.________ is known to all is that the Diaoyu Islands have belonged to China since ancient times. 答案:What 考查名詞性從句。句意:釣魚島自古就屬于中國,這是大家都知道的。what引導的是主語從句,并在主語從句中作主語。
3.—What has made John look like lacking sleep? —________ he had to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night. 答案:That 考查名詞性從句。分析句子結構可知,答語是回答上面句子中的主語“What”的,故此句是一個主語從句,缺少引導詞,而引導詞在從句中不充當成分,故用“That”。
4.It remains to be seen ________ this plan is practical enough to keep the project going. 答案:whether 考查主語從句。句意:這個計劃是否足夠實用,以使這個項目繼續下去還有待觀察。it是形式主語,真正的主語是whether引導的從句。whether“是否”,符合句意。 5.It makes his life quite different ________ he has received higher education abroad. 答案:that 考查主語從句。本句中的it是形式主語,真正的主語是“that he has received higher education abroad”。
Ⅴ.語篇填空 No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a ①________(wide) accepted theory, the universe began ②________ a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies. For several billion years after ③________ “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What ④________ was to become was ⑤________(certain) until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago ⑥________ the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent ⑦________ it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It ⑧________(explode) loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, ⑨________ were to make the earth's atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear ⑩________ its surface. 答案:①widely ②with ③the ④it ⑤uncertain ⑥when ⑦that ⑧exploded ⑨which ⑩on 考點探究演練 1.harmful adj. 有害的;傷害的 歸納拓展 be harmful to sb. 對某人有害 harm n. & vt. 損傷;傷害 do sb. harm(=do harm to sb.) 對某人有害
do more harm than good 弊大于利 There's (no) harm in (sb.'s ) doing sth. (某人)做某事(沒)有害處 It does (no) harm for sb. to do sth. (對于某人來說)做某事(沒)有害處 mean no harm 沒有惡意 harmless adj. 無害的 ②These days, breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon, causing serious harm ________ life and the environment. 這些天,違反交通規則和亂扔垃圾的現象很常見,對生活和環境造成了嚴重的破壞。 ③If you want to solve the problem in this way, there is no harm ________ calling him. 如果你想以這種方式來解決問題,你不妨給他打個電話。 答案:①harmful ②to ③in
2.exist vi. 存在;生存;存活;繼續存在 歸納拓展 (1)There exists/existed ... 某地有……;存在…… exist on (live on) sth. 靠某物生存 exist by 靠……方式為生 exist in 存在于……之中 exist as 作為……而存在;以……形態存在
(2)existence n. 存在;生存 come into existence 開始存在;成立 bring ... into existence 使……發生(產生) in existence 現存的;現有的 (3)existent adj. 存在的;現存的 第一部分 必修三