專題十一　名詞與冠詞

　　考點(diǎn)1　具體語境中名詞的使用

　　1．There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some________and then let me know.(2024·安徽，30)

　　A．thought

　　B．support

　　C．protection

　　D．a(chǎn)uthority

　　2．One of the most effective ways to reduce ________ is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.(2024·浙江，15)

　　A．production

　　B．stress

　　C．energy

　　D．power

　　3．Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.(2024·江蘇，32)

　　A．judgments

　　B．a(chǎn)djustments

　　C．comments

　　D．a(chǎn)chievements

　　4．—Go and say sorry to your Mom，Dave.

　　—I’d like to，but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________.(2024·江蘇，35)

　　A．requests

　　B．excuses

　　C．a(chǎn)pologies

　　D．regrets

　　5．When he was running after his brother，the boy lost his ________ and had a bad fall.(2024·湖北，21)

　　A．balance

　　B．chance

　　C．memory

　　D．place

　　6．He gave himself a new name to hide his ________ when he went to carry out the secret task.(2024·湖北，22)

　　A．emotion

　　B．talent

　　C．identity

　　D．treasure

　　考點(diǎn)歸納

　　名詞是歷年高考中的必考點(diǎn)之一，通常是以完形填空選項(xiàng)和書面表達(dá)的形式進(jìn)行考查，有時(shí)也會在單項(xiàng)填空中進(jìn)行考查。高考對名詞的考查，以名詞辨析為主，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)大多沒有任何聯(lián)系，旨在考查名詞在語境中的應(yīng)用，所以對于名詞的辨析題，一要掌握常見的幾組名詞的區(qū)別；二要注意不同名詞在具體語境中所表示的特殊含義；三要會從該詞的反義詞、近義詞角度去辨析；四要掌握名詞的固定搭配，如set foot on，find fault with，keep pace with，put an end to等，這對于解答試題是很重要的。

　　解題方法

　　方法1　利用固定搭配和習(xí)慣表達(dá)

　　It is said that dogs will keep you ________ for as long as you want when you are feeling lonely.

　　A．safety

　　B．company

　　C．house

　　D．friend

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意為：據(jù)說，當(dāng)你感到孤獨(dú)時(shí)，你想要狗陪伴你多長時(shí)間他們就陪伴你多長時(shí)間。固定搭配keep sb.company 意為“陪伴某人，與某人作伴”

　　方法2　利用句子的平衡、對比等結(jié)構(gòu)

　　To make members of a team perform better，the trainer first of all has to know their ________ and weaknesses.

　　A．strengths

　　B．benefits

　　C．techniques D．values

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意為：為了使隊(duì)員更好地表現(xiàn)，教練首先要了解隊(duì)員的優(yōu)勢和劣勢。and后跟weak的名詞形式，正好與strong的名詞形式形成對比，符合語境。benefit利益，好處；technique技術(shù)，工藝；value價(jià)值，都與語境不符。

　　方法3　充分把握具體的語境

　　Always read the ________ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.

　　A．explanations

　　B．instructions

　　C．descriptions D．introductions

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意為：要仔細(xì)閱讀藥瓶上的說明，吃適量的藥。藥瓶上一般應(yīng)是instructions“說明，須知”，即指導(dǎo)人們怎么服藥，與后面的take the right amount of medicine的意義一致。

　　考點(diǎn)2　不定冠詞與定冠詞的綜合考查

　　1．I just heard ________ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.(2024·重慶，3)

　　A．the；/

　　B．a(chǎn)；/

　　C．the；a

　　D．a(chǎn)；the

　　2．Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for many years，but one thing or another always got in ________ way.(2024·浙江，2)

　　A．a(chǎn)；/

　　B．the；the

　　C．/；the

　　D．a(chǎn)；the

　　3．Brian is gifted in writing music；he is very likely to be________ Beethoven.(2024·四川，5)

　　A．a(chǎn)

　　B．a(chǎn)n

　　C．the

　　D．/

　　4．________ more learned a man is，________ more modest he usually becomes.(2024·陜西，14)

　　A．The；the

　　B．A；a

　　C．The；a

　　D．A；the

　　5．He missed________gold in the high jump，but will get________second chance in the long jump.(2024·大綱全國Ⅱ，7)

　　A．the；the

　　B．/；a

　　C．the；a

　　D．a(chǎn)；/

　　6．Dr.Peter Spence，________ headmaster of the school，told us，“________ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”(2011·四川，18)

　　A．/；A

　　B．/；The

　　C．the；The

　　D．a(chǎn)；A

　　考點(diǎn)歸納

　　1．不定冠詞與物質(zhì)名詞連用，表示物質(zhì)的“一種”或表示食品、飲料的“一份，一杯”或表示“一股，一場，一陣”等。

　　Longjing is a wonderful tea.龍井是一種極好的茶。

　　A strong wind blew off a lot of leaves.

　　一陣大風(fēng)吹落了許多樹葉。

　　2．不定冠詞與抽象名詞連用，表示某種動(dòng)作的“一次，一例，一番”或表示人或事物等的某一品質(zhì)或性質(zhì)，有時(shí)表示引起某種情緒的事。

　　Do you care for a smoke？抽支煙好嗎？

　　It’s a shame to lie.撒謊是不光彩的事。

　　3．序數(shù)詞表示依次遞增的新序數(shù)時(shí)，前面用不定冠詞，而不用定冠詞，這時(shí)表示的是“再一，又一”的意義。

　　I really must buy a second pair of shoes.

　　我真得再買一雙鞋了。

　　4．序數(shù)詞在句中用作副詞時(shí)，其前不用冠詞。

　　He was only a child when I first saw him.

　　我第一次見到他的時(shí)候他還是個(gè)孩子。

　　5．序數(shù)詞作名詞用，表示“第幾名”或“屬于第幾”時(shí)，其前不加定冠詞，但它有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。

　　He took a first in the exam.

　　他在這次考試中得了第一名。

　　6．在“a most＋形容詞”中，most表示“很……；非常……”之意。

　　She told us a most touching story.

　　她給我們講了一個(gè)非常動(dòng)人的故事。

　　7．a(chǎn)/an＋比較級，表示“比……更……的一個(gè)”，是泛指。

　　The book is too old.Can you give me a newer one?

　　這本書太舊了。你能給我一本更新的嗎？

　　8．在對兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)，可用“the＋比較級”結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　The picture is the prettier of the two.

　　兩張圖畫之中，這一張更漂亮。

　　解題方法

　　方法1　語境暗示法

　　在解答冠詞試題時(shí)，要注意下面的原則：一是根據(jù)句子的意思判斷是特指(定冠詞表示特指)還是泛指(不定冠詞表示泛指)，其次看是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞。這樣就能夠根據(jù)句子的意思判斷出是選定冠詞還是不定冠詞。

　　First impressions are the most lasting.After all，you never get ________ second chance to make ________ first impression.

　　A．a(chǎn)；the

　　B．the；the

　　C．a(chǎn)；a

　　D．the；a

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意為：第一印象最持久。畢竟你不會再有機(jī)會去形成第一印象。第一空后有second，在此表示“再一次”機(jī)會，而不是表示順序，應(yīng)用不定冠詞；第二空后的first expression是泛指，也不是表示順序，又根據(jù)題干可以判斷impression在此處是可數(shù)名詞，可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)表示泛指時(shí)須用不定冠詞。故選擇C項(xiàng)。

　　方法2　準(zhǔn)確翻譯法

　　冠詞a/an表示“一個(gè)，一種，某一個(gè)”，一般泛指任意一個(gè)；而the表示“這個(gè)，那個(gè)”，是特指。所以在大多數(shù)情況下，如果我們能準(zhǔn)確地把泛指或特指的意思翻譯出來，就能夠正確地解答該題。

　　The café provided ________ satisfactory service for me，so I ordered ________ second coffee.

　　A．a(chǎn)；a

　　B．a(chǎn)；the

　　C．/；the

　　D．the；/

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意為：這家咖啡館為我提供了滿意的服務(wù)，所以我又要了一杯咖啡。序數(shù)詞前面一般加定冠詞表示“第……”之意，但在second，third等詞前加不定冠詞時(shí)，表示“又一，再一”之意。根據(jù)句子中的satisfactory service，經(jīng)過翻譯可以判斷出為抽象名詞具體化，故用不定冠詞。

　　方法3　固定短語搭配法

　　掌握冠詞的習(xí)慣用法，冠詞活用和固定詞組中用不用冠詞或用什么冠詞對于解答冠詞試題也是很重要的。

　　There are over 58,000 rocky objects in ________ space，about 900 of which could fall down onto ________ earth.

　　A．the；the

　　B．/；the

　　C．the；/

　　D．a(chǎn)；the

　　答案　B

　　解析　考查冠詞。句意為：太空中有超過58 000的巖狀物體，其中大約900有可能掉到地球上。第一空in space是固定短語，不用冠詞，類似用法還有in nature，in society等；第二空后名詞earth屬于獨(dú)一無二的事物，其前必須用定冠詞。

　　提醒：完成作業(yè)　強(qiáng)化練(十一)

　　強(qiáng)化練(十一)強(qiáng)化練(十一)　名詞與冠詞

　　(建議用時(shí)：12分鐘)

　　1．As is often the case，teachers’ ________ with parents involve complaints about children’s misbehavior and laziness in school.(2024·泰州二模，24)

　　A．a(chǎn)cquaintances

　　B．negotiations

　　C．conferences

　　D．consultations

　　2．Since it is common ________ to copy others’ designs，the Council of Fashion Designers has recently urged the government to pass laws to protect designers’ rights.(2024·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)一模，34)

　　A．practice

　　B．standard

　　C．sense

　　D．a(chǎn)ctivity

　　3．Beijing has been addressing air pollution on ________ larger scale and with more investment to make APEC blue ________ state of “new normal”．(2024·無錫一模，21)

　　A．the；/

　　B．the；a

　　C．a(chǎn)；/

　　D．a(chǎn)；a

　　4．At the celebration gathering，President Xi expressed his belief that Macao will progress in ________ more steady manner on the right track，guided by ________ “one country，two systems” policy.(2024·泰州一模，21)

　　A．a(chǎn)；a

　　B．a(chǎn)；the

　　C．the；the

　　D．the；a

　　5．________ slow economic growth over the past two years seems to have worsened ________ situation for migrant workers and increased employee-employer conflicts over payment of salaries.(2024·泰州聯(lián)考，21)

　　A．The；the B．A；/

　　C．The；/

　　D．A；the

　　6．Corruption is ________ problem in countries across the world，with developing countries often believed to be more serious，although there is no evidence to suggest this is ________ case.(2024·江蘇百校聯(lián)考，21)

　　A．a(chǎn)；the

　　B．the；a

　　C．/；the

　　D．a(chǎn)；a

　　7．One of the priceless treasures that Canada has is ________ fabulous scenery，especially in autumn.People appreciate it when maple leaves turn ________ beautiful red.(2024·鎮(zhèn)江零模，21)

　　A．the；a

　　B．a(chǎn)；the

　　C．a(chǎn)；/

　　D．the；/

　　8．—We had ________ really smoggy December this year.

　　—I can’t remember ________ winter when air was polluted so severely.(2024·揚(yáng)州質(zhì)檢，30)

　　A．a(chǎn)；/

　　B．a(chǎn)；the

　　C．the；the

　　D．a(chǎn)；a

　　9．Emergency supplies of food have been transported to the disaster-hit area as a ________ of sympathy to the victims.

　　A．relief

　　B．gesture

　　C．symbol

　　D．text

　　10．Ladies and gentlemen，please raise your glasses and drink a ________ to the success of the new company.

　　A．privilege

　　B．potential

　　C．toast

　　D．a(chǎn)mbition

　　11．Jack thought that he had ________ gift for telling directions，so he didn’t take ________ compass with him on his weekend hike.

　　A．a(chǎn)；the

　　B．/；a

　　C．a(chǎn)；a

　　D．/；the

　　12．As we have expected，the boy who shows great ________ in playing badminton has been admitted to the sports university for his talent.

　　A．requirement

　　B．respect

　　C．a(chǎn)ddiction

　　D．promise

　　13．Sometimes it’s a bit challenging to reach a ________ between parents’ expectations and their kids’ desires.

　　A．commitment

　　B．comprehension

　　C．cooperation

　　D．compromise

　　14．2024 saw ________ sharp increase in productivity，much to ________ surprise of the administrative agency.

　　A．the；a

　　B．a(chǎn)；a

　　C．a(chǎn)；the

　　D．the；the

　　15．—I have ________ splitting headache，too.

　　—Yeah，you’re definitely coming down with ________ flu.

　　A．a(chǎn)；a

　　B．the；/

　　C．a(chǎn)；the

　　D．the；a

　　16．Thanks for the ________ you did me to repair my car.Otherwise it would have broken down on the way.

　　A．favour

　　B．good

　　C．support

　　D．Kindness

　　17．Many language experts think that the best way to learn a language is to spend time in ________ country where ________ language is spoken.

　　A．a(chǎn)；the

　　B．the；/

　　C．the；a

　　D．/；the

　　18．At that time，all of us were trying to maintain a tight ________，and spending had to be kept to minimum for economic survival.

　　A．burden

　　B．identity

　　C．budget

　　D．schedule

　　19．The study suggests that ________ second-hand smoke may be ________ terrible and under-recognized cause of heart attack deaths.

　　A．a(chǎn)；a

　　B．the；a

　　C．/；a

　　D．/；the

　　20．He managed to reach the summit of his career，but it was at the ________ of his health.

　　A．consumption B．credit

　　C．exhaustion

　　D．expense

　　專題十一　名詞與冠詞

　　考點(diǎn)1

　　1．A　[考查名詞辨析。句意為：現(xiàn)在沒有必要告訴我你的答案。多思考一下，再讓我知道。 thought思想，思考，符合句意。support支持，維持，支援，供養(yǎng)；protection保護(hù)，防衛(wèi)；authority權(quán)威，權(quán)力，當(dāng)局。]