2024屆高考英語二輪復習語法專項突破：第2節 代詞和it的用法（北師大版）
第二節 代詞和it的用法
考點一
替代詞和it的用法
1．替代詞的應用
it 特指前面提到過的同一個人或者物
that (those) 可以指代前面出現過的不可數名詞或單數可數名詞，指代單數可數名詞相當于the one。其復數形式為those，相當于the ones
one (ones) 指代前面出現過的那類事物中的“一個”，其復數形式為ones
(2024·遼寧高考)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues.
令黛拉高興的是，她首先贏得了她的學生的信任，然后又贏得了同事的信任。
(2024·浙江高考)Studying Wendy's menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald's.
研究了溫迪的菜單，我發現其中很多東西和麥當勞的相似。
We have various summer camps for your holidays，you can choose one based on your own interests.
我們為你們的假期準備了各種各樣的夏令營，你們可以根據自己的興趣選擇一個。
2．it的用法
(1)指代作用
除了上面講到的指代前面提到的同一個人或物外，還指代不清楚或沒必要知道說話對象的性別；可指代環境、情形；也可指代時間、地點、距離、天氣、季節、度量衡單位等。
It is a lovely baby.Is it
a boy or a girl?
寶寶真可愛，是男孩還是女孩？
It is six miles from Oxford.
這里距牛津6英里遠。
(2)形式作用
it常用來作形式主語或形式賓語。
It is important to learn English well.
學好英語是重要的。
I found it impossible to answer the question.
我發現回答這個問題是不可能的。
考點二
不定代詞的用法
1．all，both，either，any，neither，none的區別
都 任何一個 都不(全部否定) 并非 都……
兩者 both either neither
三者或三者以上 all any none
I don't like either of the pictures.
我不喜歡這兩幅畫中的任何一幅。
All of my clothes are ready-made.
我的衣服全部都是成衣。
She bought two toys，but neither pleased the child.她買了兩個玩具，卻沒有一個讓小孩高興。
They were all very tired，but none of them would stop to have a rest.
他們都非常累，但沒有一個想停下來休息。
Not all of them were invited./All of them were not invited.
他們當中并不是人人都受到邀請。
2．the other，other，another，others的區別
注：這里僅探討作代詞用時的區別。
the other the other可單獨使用，特指兩個人或物中的“另一個”
other other不能單獨使用，前面常有any，one，or等
another 可單獨使用，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個”
others 單獨使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some，many一起出現；特指“其他的全部人或事物”時用the others
To stay awake，he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another.
為了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，然后又點了一杯。
You are the team star! Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是隊里的明星！與別人一起工作確實是你的特長。
考點三
人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞等的用法
1．人稱代詞
(1)人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語，賓格在句中作動詞或介詞的賓語。
He told me what had happened to him.
他告訴我發生了什么。
(2)下列情況下常用賓格：
在be后作表語
—Who is it？——是誰？
—It's me.——是我。
在單獨使用或帶not的簡略答語中
—I like coffee better than tea.
——咖啡和茶比起來我比較喜歡咖啡。
—Me，too.——我也是。
2．物主代詞
形容詞性物主代詞(作定語) 名詞性物主代詞(作主語、表語、賓語)
my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs
如：(1)形容詞性物主代詞只能用作定語，必須與名詞連用。
如：his pen, our books。
(2)“形容詞性物主代詞＋own”常用來強調“某人自己的”，其后可跟名詞。
Don't use my pen.Why not use your own (pen)?
不要用我的鋼筆。為什么不用你自己的？
(3)“of＋名詞性物主代詞(或名詞所有格)”構成雙重所有格形式。如：a friend of mine。
3．反身代詞
反身代詞有myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves，在句中作主、賓、表或同位語。
They were ashamed of themselves and sneaked away.
他們自感羞愧，悄悄溜走了。
He was running so fast that he couldn't stop himself.
他跑得太快了，一下子停不下來。
4．指示代詞
指示代詞主要有this，that，these，those，注意以下幾點：
(1)指上文單數或不可數概念時用that，復數概念時用those，指下文單數或不可數概念時用this，復數概念時用these。
That is why I'm working hard at my lesson.
那就是我要努力學習的原因。
This is an opportunity to promote the reputation of the company.這是提高公司聲譽的機會。
(2)打電話時，用this指自己，用that指對方。
This is Joan speaking.Who's that，please?
我是瓊，請問你是誰？
[名師點津] this和that還可作副詞用，表示程度，意為“如此，那么”，相當于so，作狀語。
The problem isn't that (all) easy.
問題并不是那么簡單。
5．疑問代詞
疑問代詞有what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever等，用法要點如下：
(1)what除了用來詢問職業外，一般指物；which可指人或物；who，whom，whose一般指人。
What do you do for a living？你是干什么的？
Which do you prefer，classical music or popular music？古典音樂和流行音樂你比較喜歡哪一種？
They are twins，so that I can't tell which is which.
他們是雙胞胎，所以我分不清哪個是哪個。
(2)沒有一定范圍時用what，意為“什么”；有一定范圍時用which，意為“哪一個”。
What kind of books，if any，do you prefer?
若有一些書的話，你喜歡哪類？
(3)whatever，whoever，whichever表示強調，意為“到底什么/誰/哪一個”。
Take whatever magazines you want to read.
任何你想讀的雜志都可以取閱。
[本節小結]
高考代詞的考查角度有兩個方面：一是代詞的意義和功能差異；二是它們相互間語法特征的差異。考生在從整體上掌握物主代詞、不定代詞、人稱代詞、反身代詞等知識的基礎上，需要重點掌握不定代詞、人稱代詞、替代詞(that，one，it) 以及代詞it 的用法和區別，重點關注代詞在具體語境和復雜語境中的靈活運用。
針對訓練
.選詞填空
it；others；either；everyone；nothing；neither；everything
1．(2024·安徽高考)You can ask anyone for help.________ here is willing to lend you a hand.
【答案】 Everyone
2．(2024·大綱全國卷)—Who's that at the door?
—________ is the milkman.
【答案】 It
3．(2024·福建高考)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in________，knives and forks.
【答案】 others
4．(2024·江蘇高考)Good families are much to all their members，but
________ to none.
【答案】 everything
5．(2024·江西高考)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?
—________.I'll be in all day.
【答案】 Either
6．(2024·山東高考)Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
【答案】 it
7．(2024·陜西高考)I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
【答案】 it
8．(2024·四川高考)She'd lived in London and Manchester，but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.
【答案】 neither
9．(2024·浙江高考)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
【答案】 it
10．(2024·重慶高考)A smile costs ________，but gives much.
【答案】 nothing
.語篇填空
My friend Tony and I always walk home together after school，for 1.________ live in the same block and 2.________ of us go in for football.
One afternoon on 3.________ way home, we were about to say goodbye when we heard a loud shout behind 4.________.As we looked around to see what had happened, we found a middle-aged woman lying on the ground, bleeding.
We soon realized that 5.________ had been knocked down by the black car in front of her.We hurried to help 6.________， but a man with dark glasses came over and tried to prevent Tony and 7.________ from getting closer to the wounded woman.So we got very angry with the man.How could 8.________ stop us from helping a dying woman？The man asked us to turn around and we were surprised to see 9.________ carrying a video camera on 10.________ shoulder.They were just shooting a film!
【答案】 1.we 2.both 3.our 4.us 5.she 6.her
7．me 8.he 9.another 10.his
綜合訓練
語法填空
在空格處填入適當的代詞
People in communities have slowly been pushed apart through the years，mostly because people simply aren't taking the time to say a simple “hello”．After considering 1.________ phenomenon，I decided I was going to change the way I got on with 2.________.
My opportunity came one morning when I was in the community library.I passed by a girl who dropped her books out of her locker.Thinking that 3.________ else would help her pick them up，I continued 4.________ way.However，when I had to go back because I forgot my book，I noticed she had just finished picking them up by herself.5.________ had stopped to help her.
“OK，” I thought to 6.________，“this is where I should have changed.”
My best opportunity came a few days later when I saw a man sitting by 7.________ waiting for the library to open，so I sat down next to him and began a conversation.8.________ was difficult to get started，and even when I had to say goodbye，almost every response from my new friend had a tone (語氣) of doubt in it.And 9.________ could blame him?
People aren't used to making an unprepared chat with a stranger.But a change，no matter how desperately it is needed，doesn't just happen.It takes people like us to make it possible.I advise you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make 10.________ day a little brighter.Together，we can really make our society come closer as a whole.
【答案】 1.this 2.others 3.someone 4.my 5.None 6.myself 7.himself 8.It 9.who 10.someone's
第二節 代詞和it的用法
考點一
替代詞和it的用法
1．替代詞的應用
it 特指前面提到過的同一個人或者物
that (those) 可以指代前面出現過的不可數名詞或單數可數名詞，指代單數可數名詞相當于the one。其復數形式為those，相當于the ones
one (ones) 指代前面出現過的那類事物中的“一個”，其復數形式為ones
(2024·遼寧高考)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues.
令黛拉高興的是，她首先贏得了她的學生的信任，然后又贏得了同事的信任。
(2024·浙江高考)Studying Wendy's menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald's.
研究了溫迪的菜單，我發現其中很多東西和麥當勞的相似。
We have various summer camps for your holidays，you can choose one based on your own interests.
我們為你們的假期準備了各種各樣的夏令營，你們可以根據自己的興趣選擇一個。
2．it的用法
(1)指代作用
除了上面講到的指代前面提到的同一個人或物外，還指代不清楚或沒必要知道說話對象的性別；可指代環境、情形；也可指代時間、地點、距離、天氣、季節、度量衡單位等。
It is a lovely baby.Is it
a boy or a girl?
寶寶真可愛，是男孩還是女孩？
It is six miles from Oxford.
這里距牛津6英里遠。
(2)形式作用
it常用來作形式主語或形式賓語。
It is important to learn English well.
學好英語是重要的。
I found it impossible to answer the question.
我發現回答這個問題是不可能的。
考點二
不定代詞的用法
1．all，both，either，any，neither，none的區別
都 任何一個 都不(全部否定) 并非 都……
兩者 both either neither
三者或三者以上 all any none
I don't like either of the pictures.
我不喜歡這兩幅畫中的任何一幅。
All of my clothes are ready-made.
我的衣服全部都是成衣。
She bought two toys，but neither pleased the child.她買了兩個玩具，卻沒有一個讓小孩高興。
They were all very tired，but none of them would stop to have a rest.
他們都非常累，但沒有一個想停下來休息。
Not all of them were invited./All of them were not invited.
他們當中并不是人人都受到邀請。
2．the other，other，another，others的區別
注：這里僅探討作代詞用時的區別。
the other the other可單獨使用，特指兩個人或物中的“另一個”
other other不能單獨使用，前面常有any，one，or等
another 可單獨使用，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個”
others 單獨使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some，many一起出現；特指“其他的全部人或事物”時用the others
To stay awake，he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another.
為了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，然后又點了一杯。
You are the team star! Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是隊里的明星！與別人一起工作確實是你的特長。
考點三
人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞等的用法
1．人稱代詞
(1)人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語，賓格在句中作動詞或介詞的賓語。
He told me what had happened to him.
他告訴我發生了什么。
(2)下列情況下常用賓格：
在be后作表語
—Who is it？——是誰？
—It's me.——是我。
在單獨使用或帶not的簡略答語中
—I like coffee better than tea.
——咖啡和茶比起來我比較喜歡咖啡。
—Me，too.——我也是。
2．物主代詞
形容詞性物主代詞(作定語) 名詞性物主代詞(作主語、表語、賓語)
my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs
如：(1)形容詞性物主代詞只能用作定語，必須與名詞連用。
如：his pen, our books。
(2)“形容詞性物主代詞＋own”常用來強調“某人自己的”，其后可跟名詞。
Don't use my pen.Why not use your own (pen)?
不要用我的鋼筆。為什么不用你自己的？
(3)“of＋名詞性物主代詞(或名詞所有格)”構成雙重所有格形式。如：a friend of mine。
3．反身代詞
反身代詞有myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves，在句中作主、賓、表或同位語。
They were ashamed of themselves and sneaked away.
他們自感羞愧，悄悄溜走了。
He was running so fast that he couldn't stop himself.
他跑得太快了，一下子停不下來。
4．指示代詞
指示代詞主要有this，that，these，those，注意以下幾點：
(1)指上文單數或不可數概念時用that，復數概念時用those，指下文單數或不可數概念時用this，復數概念時用these。
That is why I'm working hard at my lesson.
那就是我要努力學習的原因。
This is an opportunity to promote the reputation of the company.這是提高公司聲譽的機會。
(2)打電話時，用this指自己，用that指對方。
This is Joan speaking.Who's that，please?
我是瓊，請問你是誰？
[名師點津] this和that還可作副詞用，表示程度，意為“如此，那么”，相當于so，作狀語。
The problem isn't that (all) easy.
問題并不是那么簡單。
5．疑問代詞
疑問代詞有what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever等，用法要點如下：
(1)what除了用來詢問職業外，一般指物；which可指人或物；who，whom，whose一般指人。
What do you do for a living？你是干什么的？
Which do you prefer，classical music or popular music？古典音樂和流行音樂你比較喜歡哪一種？
They are twins，so that I can't tell which is which.
他們是雙胞胎，所以我分不清哪個是哪個。
(2)沒有一定范圍時用what，意為“什么”；有一定范圍時用which，意為“哪一個”。
What kind of books，if any，do you prefer?
若有一些書的話，你喜歡哪類？
(3)whatever，whoever，whichever表示強調，意為“到底什么/誰/哪一個”。
Take whatever magazines you want to read.
任何你想讀的雜志都可以取閱。
[本節小結]
高考代詞的考查角度有兩個方面：一是代詞的意義和功能差異；二是它們相互間語法特征的差異。考生在從整體上掌握物主代詞、不定代詞、人稱代詞、反身代詞等知識的基礎上，需要重點掌握不定代詞、人稱代詞、替代詞(that，one，it) 以及代詞it 的用法和區別，重點關注代詞在具體語境和復雜語境中的靈活運用。
針對訓練
.選詞填空
it；others；either；everyone；nothing；neither；everything
1．(2024·安徽高考)You can ask anyone for help.________ here is willing to lend you a hand.
【答案】 Everyone
2．(2024·大綱全國卷)—Who's that at the door?
—________ is the milkman.
【答案】 It
3．(2024·福建高考)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in________，knives and forks.
【答案】 others
4．(2024·江蘇高考)Good families are much to all their members，but
________ to none.
【答案】 everything
5．(2024·江西高考)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?
—________.I'll be in all day.
【答案】 Either
6．(2024·山東高考)Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
【答案】 it
7．(2024·陜西高考)I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
【答案】 it
8．(2024·四川高考)She'd lived in London and Manchester，but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.
【答案】 neither
9．(2024·浙江高考)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.
【答案】 it
10．(2024·重慶高考)A smile costs ________，but gives much.
【答案】 nothing
.語篇填空
My friend Tony and I always walk home together after school，for 1.________ live in the same block and 2.________ of us go in for football.
One afternoon on 3.________ way home, we were about to say goodbye when we heard a loud shout behind 4.________.As we looked around to see what had happened, we found a middle-aged woman lying on the ground, bleeding.
We soon realized that 5.________ had been knocked down by the black car in front of her.We hurried to help 6.________， but a man with dark glasses came over and tried to prevent Tony and 7.________ from getting closer to the wounded woman.So we got very angry with the man.How could 8.________ stop us from helping a dying woman？The man asked us to turn around and we were surprised to see 9.________ carrying a video camera on 10.________ shoulder.They were just shooting a film!
【答案】 1.we 2.both 3.our 4.us 5.she 6.her
7．me 8.he 9.another 10.his
綜合訓練
語法填空
在空格處填入適當的代詞
People in communities have slowly been pushed apart through the years，mostly because people simply aren't taking the time to say a simple “hello”．After considering 1.________ phenomenon，I decided I was going to change the way I got on with 2.________.
My opportunity came one morning when I was in the community library.I passed by a girl who dropped her books out of her locker.Thinking that 3.________ else would help her pick them up，I continued 4.________ way.However，when I had to go back because I forgot my book，I noticed she had just finished picking them up by herself.5.________ had stopped to help her.
“OK，” I thought to 6.________，“this is where I should have changed.”
My best opportunity came a few days later when I saw a man sitting by 7.________ waiting for the library to open，so I sat down next to him and began a conversation.8.________ was difficult to get started，and even when I had to say goodbye，almost every response from my new friend had a tone (語氣) of doubt in it.And 9.________ could blame him?
People aren't used to making an unprepared chat with a stranger.But a change，no matter how desperately it is needed，doesn't just happen.It takes people like us to make it possible.I advise you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make 10.________ day a little brighter.Together，we can really make our society come closer as a whole.
【答案】 1.this 2.others 3.someone 4.my 5.None 6.myself 7.himself 8.It 9.who 10.someone's
