第二節(jié)　代詞和it的用法

　　考點(diǎn)一

　　替代詞和it的用法

　　1．替代詞的應(yīng)用

　　it 特指前面提到過(guò)的同一個(gè)人或者物

　　that (those) 可以指代前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)于the one。其復(fù)數(shù)形式為those，相當(dāng)于the ones

　　one (ones) 指代前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的那類事物中的“一個(gè)”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones

　　(2024·遼寧高考)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues.

　　令黛拉高興的是，她首先贏得了她的學(xué)生的信任，然后又贏得了同事的信任。

　　(2024·浙江高考)Studying Wendy's menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald's.

　　研究了溫迪的菜單，我發(fā)現(xiàn)其中很多東西和麥當(dāng)勞的相似。

　　We have various summer camps for your holidays，you can choose one based on your own interests.

　　我們?yōu)槟銈兊募倨跍?zhǔn)備了各種各樣的夏令營(yíng)，你們可以根據(jù)自己的興趣選擇一個(gè)。

　　2．it的用法

　　(1)指代作用

　　除了上面講到的指代前面提到的同一個(gè)人或物外，還指代不清楚或沒(méi)必要知道說(shuō)話對(duì)象的性別；可指代環(huán)境、情形；也可指代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、距離、天氣、季節(jié)、度量衡單位等。

　　It is a lovely baby.Is it

　　a boy or a girl?

　　寶寶真可愛(ài)，是男孩還是女孩？

　　It is six miles from Oxford.

　　這里距牛津6英里遠(yuǎn)。

　　(2)形式作用

　　it常用來(lái)作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。

　　It is important to learn English well.

　　學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是重要的。

　　I found it impossible to answer the question.

　　我發(fā)現(xiàn)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題是不可能的。

　　考點(diǎn)二

　　不定代詞的用法

　　1．a(chǎn)ll，both，either，any，neither，none的區(qū)別

　　都 任何一個(gè) 都不(全部否定) 并非 都……

　　兩者 both either neither

　　三者或三者以上 all any none

　　I don't like either of the pictures.

　　我不喜歡這兩幅畫中的任何一幅。

　　All of my clothes are ready-made.

　　我的衣服全部都是成衣。

　　She bought two toys，but neither pleased the child.她買了兩個(gè)玩具，卻沒(méi)有一個(gè)讓小孩高興。

　　They were all very tired，but none of them would stop to have a rest.

　　他們都非常累，但沒(méi)有一個(gè)想停下來(lái)休息。

　　Not all of them were invited./All of them were not invited.

　　他們當(dāng)中并不是人人都受到邀請(qǐng)。

　　2．the other，other，another，others的區(qū)別

　　注：這里僅探討作代詞用時(shí)的區(qū)別。

　　the other the other可單獨(dú)使用，特指兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”

　　other other不能單獨(dú)使用，前面常有any，one，or等

　　another 可單獨(dú)使用，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個(gè)”

　　others 單獨(dú)使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some，many一起出現(xiàn)；特指“其他的全部人或事物”時(shí)用the others

　　To stay awake，he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another.

　　為了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，然后又點(diǎn)了一杯。

　　You are the team star! Working with others is really your cup of tea.

　　你是隊(duì)里的明星！與別人一起工作確實(shí)是你的特長(zhǎng)。

　　考點(diǎn)三

　　人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞等的用法

　　1．人稱代詞

　　(1)人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓格在句中作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。

　　He told me what had happened to him.

　　他告訴我發(fā)生了什么。

　　(2)下列情況下常用賓格：

　　在be后作表語(yǔ)

　　—Who is it？——是誰(shuí)？

　　—It's me.——是我。

　　在單獨(dú)使用或帶not的簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中

　　—I like coffee better than tea.

　　——咖啡和茶比起來(lái)我比較喜歡咖啡。

　　—Me，too.——我也是。

　　2．物主代詞

　　形容詞性物主代詞(作定語(yǔ)) 名詞性物主代詞(作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))

　　my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs

　　如：(1)形容詞性物主代詞只能用作定語(yǔ)，必須與名詞連用。

　　如：his pen, our books。

　　(2)“形容詞性物主代詞＋own”常用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人自己的”，其后可跟名詞。

　　Don't use my pen.Why not use your own (pen)?

　　不要用我的鋼筆。為什么不用你自己的？

　　(3)“of＋名詞性物主代詞(或名詞所有格)”構(gòu)成雙重所有格形式。如：a friend of mine。

　　3．反身代詞

　　反身代詞有myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves，在句中作主、賓、表或同位語(yǔ)。

　　They were ashamed of themselves and sneaked away.

　　他們自感羞愧，悄悄溜走了。

　　He was running so fast that he couldn't stop himself.

　　他跑得太快了，一下子停不下來(lái)。

　　4．指示代詞

　　指示代詞主要有this，that，these，those，注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　(1)指上文單數(shù)或不可數(shù)概念時(shí)用that，復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)用those，指下文單數(shù)或不可數(shù)概念時(shí)用this，復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)用these。

　　That is why I'm working hard at my lesson.

　　那就是我要努力學(xué)習(xí)的原因。

　　This is an opportunity to promote the reputation of the company.這是提高公司聲譽(yù)的機(jī)會(huì)。

　　(2)打電話時(shí)，用this指自己，用that指對(duì)方。

　　This is Joan speaking.Who's that，please?

　　我是瓊，請(qǐng)問(wèn)你是誰(shuí)？

　　[名師點(diǎn)津]　this和that還可作副詞用，表示程度，意為“如此，那么”，相當(dāng)于so，作狀語(yǔ)。

　　The problem isn't that (all) easy.

　　問(wèn)題并不是那么簡(jiǎn)單。

　　5．疑問(wèn)代詞

　　疑問(wèn)代詞有what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever等，用法要點(diǎn)如下：

　　(1)what除了用來(lái)詢問(wèn)職業(yè)外，一般指物；which可指人或物；who，whom，whose一般指人。

　　What do you do for a living？你是干什么的？

　　Which do you prefer，classical music or popular music？古典音樂(lè)和流行音樂(lè)你比較喜歡哪一種？

　　They are twins，so that I can't tell which is which.

　　他們是雙胞胎，所以我分不清哪個(gè)是哪個(gè)。

　　(2)沒(méi)有一定范圍時(shí)用what，意為“什么”；有一定范圍時(shí)用which，意為“哪一個(gè)”。

　　What kind of books，if any，do you prefer?

　　若有一些書的話，你喜歡哪類？

　　(3)whatever，whoever，whichever表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“到底什么/誰(shuí)/哪一個(gè)”。

　　Take whatever magazines you want to read.

　　任何你想讀的雜志都可以取閱。

　　[本節(jié)小結(jié)]

　　高考代詞的考查角度有兩個(gè)方面：一是代詞的意義和功能差異；二是它們相互間語(yǔ)法特征的差異。考生在從整體上掌握物主代詞、不定代詞、人稱代詞、反身代詞等知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，需要重點(diǎn)掌握不定代詞、人稱代詞、替代詞(that，one，it) 以及代詞it 的用法和區(qū)別，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注代詞在具體語(yǔ)境和復(fù)雜語(yǔ)境中的靈活運(yùn)用。

　　針對(duì)訓(xùn)練

　　.選詞填空

　　it；others；either；everyone；nothing；neither；everything

　　1．(2024·安徽高考)You can ask anyone for help.________ here is willing to lend you a hand.

　　【答案】　Everyone

　　2．(2024·大綱全國(guó)卷)—Who's that at the door?

　　—________ is the milkman.

　　【答案】　It

　　3．(2024·福建高考)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in________，knives and forks.

　　【答案】　others

　　4．(2024·江蘇高考)Good families are much to all their members，but

　　________ to none.

　　【答案】　everything

　　5．(2024·江西高考)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?

　　—________.I'll be in all day.

　　【答案】　Either

　　6．(2024·山東高考)Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

　　【答案】　it

　　7．(2024·陜西高考)I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

　　【答案】　it

　　8．(2024·四川高考)She'd lived in London and Manchester，but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.

　　【答案】　neither

　　9．(2024·浙江高考)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.

　　【答案】　it

　　10．(2024·重慶高考)A smile costs ________，but gives much.

　　【答案】　nothing

　　.語(yǔ)篇填空

　　My friend Tony and I always walk home together after school，for 1.________ live in the same block and 2.________ of us go in for football.

　　One afternoon on 3.________ way home, we were about to say goodbye when we heard a loud shout behind 4.________.As we looked around to see what had happened, we found a middle-aged woman lying on the ground, bleeding.

　　We soon realized that 5.________ had been knocked down by the black car in front of her.We hurried to help 6.________， but a man with dark glasses came over and tried to prevent Tony and 7.________ from getting closer to the wounded woman.So we got very angry with the man.How could 8.________ stop us from helping a dying woman？The man asked us to turn around and we were surprised to see 9.________ carrying a video camera on 10.________ shoulder.They were just shooting a film!

　　【答案】　1.we　2.both　3.our　4.us　5.she　6.her

　　7．me　8.he　9.another　10.his

　　綜合訓(xùn)練

　　語(yǔ)法填空

　　在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)拇~

　　People in communities have slowly been pushed apart through the years，mostly because people simply aren't taking the time to say a simple “hello”．After considering 1.________ phenomenon，I decided I was going to change the way I got on with 2.________.

　　My opportunity came one morning when I was in the community library.I passed by a girl who dropped her books out of her locker.Thinking that 3.________ else would help her pick them up，I continued 4.________ way.However，when I had to go back because I forgot my book，I noticed she had just finished picking them up by herself.5.________ had stopped to help her.

　　“OK，” I thought to 6.________，“this is where I should have changed.”

　　My best opportunity came a few days later when I saw a man sitting by 7.________ waiting for the library to open，so I sat down next to him and began a conversation.8.________ was difficult to get started，and even when I had to say goodbye，almost every response from my new friend had a tone (語(yǔ)氣) of doubt in it.And 9.________ could blame him?

　　People aren't used to making an unprepared chat with a stranger.But a change，no matter how desperately it is needed，doesn't just happen.It takes people like us to make it possible.I advise you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make 10.________ day a little brighter.Together，we can really make our society come closer as a whole.

　　【答案】　1.this　2.others　3.someone　4.my　5.None　6.myself　7.himself　8.It　9.who　10.someone's

　　第二節(jié)　代詞和it的用法

　　考點(diǎn)一

　　替代詞和it的用法

　　1．替代詞的應(yīng)用

　　it 特指前面提到過(guò)的同一個(gè)人或者物

　　that (those) 可以指代前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞相當(dāng)于the one。其復(fù)數(shù)形式為those，相當(dāng)于the ones

　　one (ones) 指代前面出現(xiàn)過(guò)的那類事物中的“一個(gè)”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones

　　(2024·遼寧高考)To her joy，Della earned first the trust of her students and then that of her colleagues.

　　令黛拉高興的是，她首先贏得了她的學(xué)生的信任，然后又贏得了同事的信任。

　　(2024·浙江高考)Studying Wendy's menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald's.

　　研究了溫迪的菜單，我發(fā)現(xiàn)其中很多東西和麥當(dāng)勞的相似。

　　We have various summer camps for your holidays，you can choose one based on your own interests.

　　我們?yōu)槟銈兊募倨跍?zhǔn)備了各種各樣的夏令營(yíng)，你們可以根據(jù)自己的興趣選擇一個(gè)。

　　2．it的用法

　　(1)指代作用

　　除了上面講到的指代前面提到的同一個(gè)人或物外，還指代不清楚或沒(méi)必要知道說(shuō)話對(duì)象的性別；可指代環(huán)境、情形；也可指代時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、距離、天氣、季節(jié)、度量衡單位等。

　　It is a lovely baby.Is it

　　a boy or a girl?

　　寶寶真可愛(ài)，是男孩還是女孩？

　　It is six miles from Oxford.

　　這里距牛津6英里遠(yuǎn)。

　　(2)形式作用

　　it常用來(lái)作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。

　　It is important to learn English well.

　　學(xué)好英語(yǔ)是重要的。

　　I found it impossible to answer the question.

　　我發(fā)現(xiàn)回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題是不可能的。

　　考點(diǎn)二

　　不定代詞的用法

　　1．a(chǎn)ll，both，either，any，neither，none的區(qū)別

　　都 任何一個(gè) 都不(全部否定) 并非 都……

　　兩者 both either neither

　　三者或三者以上 all any none

　　I don't like either of the pictures.

　　我不喜歡這兩幅畫中的任何一幅。

　　All of my clothes are ready-made.

　　我的衣服全部都是成衣。

　　She bought two toys，but neither pleased the child.她買了兩個(gè)玩具，卻沒(méi)有一個(gè)讓小孩高興。

　　They were all very tired，but none of them would stop to have a rest.

　　他們都非常累，但沒(méi)有一個(gè)想停下來(lái)休息。

　　Not all of them were invited./All of them were not invited.

　　他們當(dāng)中并不是人人都受到邀請(qǐng)。

　　2．the other，other，another，others的區(qū)別

　　注：這里僅探討作代詞用時(shí)的區(qū)別。

　　the other the other可單獨(dú)使用，特指兩個(gè)人或物中的“另一個(gè)”

　　other other不能單獨(dú)使用，前面常有any，one，or等

　　another 可單獨(dú)使用，泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個(gè)”

　　others 單獨(dú)使用，表示泛指意義，意為“其他的人或事物”，常與some，many一起出現(xiàn)；特指“其他的全部人或事物”時(shí)用the others

　　To stay awake，he finished a cup of coffee and ordered another.

　　為了保持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，然后又點(diǎn)了一杯。

　　You are the team star! Working with others is really your cup of tea.

　　你是隊(duì)里的明星！與別人一起工作確實(shí)是你的特長(zhǎng)。

　　考點(diǎn)三

　　人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞等的用法

　　1．人稱代詞

　　(1)人稱代詞的主格在句中作主語(yǔ)，賓格在句中作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)。

　　He told me what had happened to him.

　　他告訴我發(fā)生了什么。

　　(2)下列情況下常用賓格：

　　在be后作表語(yǔ)

　　—Who is it？——是誰(shuí)？

　　—It's me.——是我。

　　在單獨(dú)使用或帶not的簡(jiǎn)略答語(yǔ)中

　　—I like coffee better than tea.

　　——咖啡和茶比起來(lái)我比較喜歡咖啡。

　　—Me，too.——我也是。

　　2．物主代詞

　　形容詞性物主代詞(作定語(yǔ)) 名詞性物主代詞(作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ))

　　my，your，his，her，its，our，your，their mine，yours，his，hers，its，ours，yours，theirs

　　如：(1)形容詞性物主代詞只能用作定語(yǔ)，必須與名詞連用。

　　如：his pen, our books。

　　(2)“形容詞性物主代詞＋own”常用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)“某人自己的”，其后可跟名詞。

　　Don't use my pen.Why not use your own (pen)?

　　不要用我的鋼筆。為什么不用你自己的？

　　(3)“of＋名詞性物主代詞(或名詞所有格)”構(gòu)成雙重所有格形式。如：a friend of mine。

　　3．反身代詞

　　反身代詞有myself，yourself，himself，herself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves，在句中作主、賓、表或同位語(yǔ)。

　　They were ashamed of themselves and sneaked away.

　　他們自感羞愧，悄悄溜走了。

　　He was running so fast that he couldn't stop himself.

　　他跑得太快了，一下子停不下來(lái)。

　　4．指示代詞

　　指示代詞主要有this，that，these，those，注意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　(1)指上文單數(shù)或不可數(shù)概念時(shí)用that，復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)用those，指下文單數(shù)或不可數(shù)概念時(shí)用this，復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí)用these。

　　That is why I'm working hard at my lesson.

　　那就是我要努力學(xué)習(xí)的原因。

　　This is an opportunity to promote the reputation of the company.這是提高公司聲譽(yù)的機(jī)會(huì)。

　　(2)打電話時(shí)，用this指自己，用that指對(duì)方。

　　This is Joan speaking.Who's that，please?

　　我是瓊，請(qǐng)問(wèn)你是誰(shuí)？

　　[名師點(diǎn)津]　this和that還可作副詞用，表示程度，意為“如此，那么”，相當(dāng)于so，作狀語(yǔ)。

　　The problem isn't that (all) easy.

　　問(wèn)題并不是那么簡(jiǎn)單。

　　5．疑問(wèn)代詞

　　疑問(wèn)代詞有what，which，who，whom，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever等，用法要點(diǎn)如下：

　　(1)what除了用來(lái)詢問(wèn)職業(yè)外，一般指物；which可指人或物；who，whom，whose一般指人。

　　What do you do for a living？你是干什么的？

　　Which do you prefer，classical music or popular music？古典音樂(lè)和流行音樂(lè)你比較喜歡哪一種？

　　They are twins，so that I can't tell which is which.

　　他們是雙胞胎，所以我分不清哪個(gè)是哪個(gè)。

　　(2)沒(méi)有一定范圍時(shí)用what，意為“什么”；有一定范圍時(shí)用which，意為“哪一個(gè)”。

　　What kind of books，if any，do you prefer?

　　若有一些書的話，你喜歡哪類？

　　(3)whatever，whoever，whichever表示強(qiáng)調(diào)，意為“到底什么/誰(shuí)/哪一個(gè)”。

　　Take whatever magazines you want to read.

　　任何你想讀的雜志都可以取閱。

　　[本節(jié)小結(jié)]

　　高考代詞的考查角度有兩個(gè)方面：一是代詞的意義和功能差異；二是它們相互間語(yǔ)法特征的差異?？忌趶恼w上掌握物主代詞、不定代詞、人稱代詞、反身代詞等知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)上，需要重點(diǎn)掌握不定代詞、人稱代詞、替代詞(that，one，it) 以及代詞it 的用法和區(qū)別，重點(diǎn)關(guān)注代詞在具體語(yǔ)境和復(fù)雜語(yǔ)境中的靈活運(yùn)用。

　　針對(duì)訓(xùn)練

　　.選詞填空

　　it；others；either；everyone；nothing；neither；everything

　　1．(2024·安徽高考)You can ask anyone for help.________ here is willing to lend you a hand.

　　【答案】　Everyone

　　2．(2024·大綱全國(guó)卷)—Who's that at the door?

　　—________ is the milkman.

　　【答案】　It

　　3．(2024·福建高考)In some countries，people eat with chopsticks，while in________，knives and forks.

　　【答案】　others

　　4．(2024·江蘇高考)Good families are much to all their members，but

　　________ to none.

　　【答案】　everything

　　5．(2024·江西高考)—When shall I call，in the morning or afternoon?

　　—________.I'll be in all day.

　　【答案】　Either

　　6．(2024·山東高考)Susan made________ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.

　　【答案】　it

　　7．(2024·陜西高考)I'd appreciate ________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

　　【答案】　it

　　8．(2024·四川高考)She'd lived in London and Manchester，but she liked ________ and moved to Cambridge.

　　【答案】　neither

　　9．(2024·浙江高考)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year，making ________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.

　　【答案】　it

　　10．(2024·重慶高考)A smile costs ________，but gives much.

　　【答案】　nothing

　　.語(yǔ)篇填空

　　My friend Tony and I always walk home together after school，for 1.________ live in the same block and 2.________ of us go in for football.

　　One afternoon on 3.________ way home, we were about to say goodbye when we heard a loud shout behind 4.________.As we looked around to see what had happened, we found a middle-aged woman lying on the ground, bleeding.

　　We soon realized that 5.________ had been knocked down by the black car in front of her.We hurried to help 6.________， but a man with dark glasses came over and tried to prevent Tony and 7.________ from getting closer to the wounded woman.So we got very angry with the man.How could 8.________ stop us from helping a dying woman？The man asked us to turn around and we were surprised to see 9.________ carrying a video camera on 10.________ shoulder.They were just shooting a film!

　　【答案】　1.we　2.both　3.our　4.us　5.she　6.her

　　7．me　8.he　9.another　10.his

　　綜合訓(xùn)練

　　語(yǔ)法填空

　　在空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)拇~

　　People in communities have slowly been pushed apart through the years，mostly because people simply aren't taking the time to say a simple “hello”．After considering 1.________ phenomenon，I decided I was going to change the way I got on with 2.________.

　　My opportunity came one morning when I was in the community library.I passed by a girl who dropped her books out of her locker.Thinking that 3.________ else would help her pick them up，I continued 4.________ way.However，when I had to go back because I forgot my book，I noticed she had just finished picking them up by herself.5.________ had stopped to help her.

　　“OK，” I thought to 6.________，“this is where I should have changed.”

　　My best opportunity came a few days later when I saw a man sitting by 7.________ waiting for the library to open，so I sat down next to him and began a conversation.8.________ was difficult to get started，and even when I had to say goodbye，almost every response from my new friend had a tone (語(yǔ)氣) of doubt in it.And 9.________ could blame him?

　　People aren't used to making an unprepared chat with a stranger.But a change，no matter how desperately it is needed，doesn't just happen.It takes people like us to make it possible.I advise you to take a small step out of your comfort zone and try to make 10.________ day a little brighter.Together，we can really make our society come closer as a whole.

　　【答案】　1.this　2.others　3.someone　4.my　5.None　6.myself　7.himself　8.It　9.who　10.someone's