五年高考(2011-2024)英語試題分項精解:專題13 特殊句式(解析版)
1.【2024·湖南】31.Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.
A. to keep
B. to have kept
C.keep
D.have kept
【答案】C
【解析】考查祈使句。這是一個完整的句子,而that引導的是賓語從句,因此只能是祈使句。故選C。句意:永遠記住,你的主要任務就是讓這個公司平穩運行。
【考點定位】考查祈使句。
【名師點睛】
【名師點睛】祈使句表請求、命令、叮囑、邀請、勸告等.祈使句分為第二人稱祈使句及第—、三人稱祈使句兩大類.祈使句用于兩個重要句型中;1.“祈使句+and+表結果的陳述句”用來敘述肯定的條件.2.“祈使句+or(else)+表結果的陳述句”用來敘述否定的條件,or(else)表示“否則;句首以動詞原形開頭。從本題的成分來判斷,可以看出是考查祈使句。
2.【2024·天津】3. Only when Lily walked into the office ______ that she had left the contract at home.
A. she realized
B. has she realized
C. she has realized
D. did she realize
【答案】D
【考點定位】考查倒裝
【名師點睛】本題考查only放在句首的部分倒裝。在句首的only如果后面跟了副詞、介詞短語或從句等狀語,則主句用倒裝結構。但如果only后跟的是主語,就不用倒裝結構了。本題考生還需要注意判定時態,答案就不難選出。
3.【2024·湖南】23.Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.
A. I did discover B. did I discover C. I discovered D. discovered
【答案】B
【解析】
試題分析:副詞only置于句首, 強調方式狀語、 條件狀語、 地點狀語、 時間狀語等狀語時, 主句要進行部分倒裝。如果被only所強調的狀語為狀語從句, 該狀語從句不倒裝, 只對主句進行倒裝。此題中only作為副詞放在句首修飾時間狀語after talking to two student,所以主句要進行部分倒裝。部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態動詞,則需添加助動詞do, does或did,并將其置于主語之前。句意:在和兩個學生交談之后我才意識到擁有強烈的動機是達到目標的最大因素。故選B
【考點定位】考查only置于句首的部分倒裝。
【名師點睛】本題旨在考查學生是否知道only置于句首主句的句子要進行部分倒裝以及部分倒裝的定義。副詞only置于句首, 強調方式狀語、 條件狀語、 地點狀語、 時間狀語等狀語時, 主句要進行部分倒裝。如果被only所強調的狀語為狀語從句, 該狀語從句不倒裝, 只對主句進行倒裝,但若位于句首的不是only+狀語,而是 only+賓語等,則通常無需倒裝。after talking to two students是一個狀語,故對主語進行倒裝。要求學生熟練掌握這個知識點。
4.【2024·湖南】21.It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
A. which B. that C. where D. how
【答案】B
【考點定位】考查強調句。
【名師點睛】本題旨在考查強調句,要求有學生掌握好強調句的常用句型以及相關知識的能力。強調是有效地進行思想交流的重要手段之一。人們在交際過程中,為了使自己的思想能被對方恰當的理解,必須加強語氣,突出重要的內容,增加對比效果與感情色彩,這時就會用到強調。分析句子時首先要看清楚結構,It was/is…開頭而后面跟句子時就要看它是不是強調句了。強調句有一個特點:拿掉It was/is…that…后不影響整個句子的完整性,則是強調句。判斷完是不是強調句后再根據強調的部分是人還是物來選擇連接詞that或者是who。
5.【2024·重慶】9.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century____ his musical gift was fully recognized.
A. while
B. though
C. that
D. after
【答案】C
【考點定位】考查強調句。
【名師點睛】 not until 引起的時間狀語置于句首時,句子的主謂應部分倒裝。由 not until 引導的時間狀語從句位于句首時,主句應部分倒裝,從句語序不變。如:
Not until 1998 did he return to his hometown.
直到 1998 年他才回到家鄉注意:當 not until 引導的狀語或狀語從句用于強調句型時,句子的主語不倒裝。如將上兩句改為強調句應為:
It was not until 1998 that he returned to his hometown.
26. ______the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.
A. Not do only
B. Do not only
C.Only not do
D. Not only do
【答案】D
【解析】
試題分析:考查倒裝句。句意:護士們不僅要求漲工資而且要求減少勞動時間。此處后面的but also被省略,not only引導的句子置于句首時,需部分倒裝。故選D。
【知識拓展】
not only.., but also...連接并列分句且置于句首時前倒后不倒,但連接并列主語時不倒裝。
Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn't done a very good repair job either.
修車廠不僅對我超額收費,而且維修工作還很差。
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.不僅幫助人們尋找工作。而且也將提供醫療給那些需要的人。答案’ll give you a wonderful surprise.
if
B. or
C. and
D. while
【答案you +祈使句, 一般將來時的句子;如果前后相反,則用or表示否則的話。本句可以說成:If you give me a chance, I’ll give you a wonderful surprise. if如果;or 否則的話;and 和;while, 然而,當……的時候。
【考點定位】考查特殊句式。
4.【2024·四川卷】3. Was it because Jack came late for school ______ Mr. Smith got angry?
A. why??? ???????????????????? B. who??? ????????????? C. where??????? ?????? D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
試題分析: A為什么;B誰;C哪兒;D那個。通過翻譯可知本句話意思完整,不缺少成分,由此判斷該句是強調句型,被強調部分是because引導的狀語從句,故答案選D。句意:是因為杰克上學遲到史密斯先生才生氣的嗎?
【知識拓展】強調句型的構成:it is / was +被強調部分+ that /who +其他,當被強調部分是人的時候that 、who均可使用,否則只能用that。判斷強調句型的方法是去掉it is / was ……that /who后句子仍然成立。比如:It was in London that they met each other for the first time .
【考點定位】考查特殊句式。
5.【2024·福建卷】28. The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely,
, reaching 30C in summer.
A. if not
B. if ever
C. if any
D. if so
【答案】B
【解析】
試題分析:夏天的溫度很少達到30度。if not If ever很少if any如果真有的話;if so假如這樣的話。所以選B。句意這里的氣候非常好,夏天的溫度很少達到30度。
。29. It was the culture, rather than the language, ____made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad
A. where
B. why
C. that
D. what
【答案】C
【】1.?陳述句的強調句型It is/ was + 被強調部分(通常是主語、賓語或狀語)+ that/ who(當強調主語且主語指人)+ 其他部分。2.?一般疑問句的強調句型同上,只是把is/ was提到it前面。3.?特殊疑問句的強調句型被強調部分(通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞)+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分?4.not … until …?句型的強調句 句型為:It is/ was not until + 被強調部分 + that + 其他部分
【考點定位】考查強調句。
17. No sooner ________ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.
A. had Mo Yan
B. Mo Yan had
C. has Mo Yan
D. Mo Yan has
【答案】A
【解析】試題分析:考查倒裝句型。no sooner…than…結構中的 no sooner置于句首時,其后引出部分倒裝。如:No sooner had we left the house than it began to rain. 我們剛離開家就開始下雨了。No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off. 我們剛到機場,飛機就起飛了。該句型中一般主句用過去完成時,從句用一般過去時。
考查倒裝句型
23. We would rather our daughter ________ at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.
A. would stay
B. has stayed
C. stayed
D. stay
【答案】C
【知識拓展】would rather的用法1)“would rather+動詞原形”是英語中常見的一個慣用句式(美國英語中多用had rather)。’d rather為would(或had)rather的縮寫形式。would (had)在此決無“過去”之意,且無詞性、時態的變化。該句式常用來表示選擇的意愿,意為“寧可……;寧愿……;最好……”。例如:He'd rather work in the countryside. 他寧可到農村去工作。 If you'd rather be alone, we'll all leave here. 如果你寧愿獨自呆著,那我們都離開這兒。 2)would rather與than連用,可構成另一個慣用句式,即:“would rather...than....”意為“寧可(愿)……(而)不要(愿)……;與其……不如……”。用以表達主語的意愿,強調經過選擇后做其中一件事,而不愿做另一件事。例如: I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema. 我寧可在家看電視而不愿去看電影。 3)在使用“would rather...than...”句型時,應注意以下幾點: ①than 后邊也應接動詞原形,但如該句型前后連接的兩個動詞相同,則than之后的那個動詞可省去。例如: I'd rather know that now than afterwards. 我寧可現在就知道這件事,而不是以后。 ② would rather...than...也可改寫成 “would...rather than...”,其用法及含義仍不變。例如: Facing the enemies, our soldiers would die rather than surrender. 面對敵人,我們的戰士寧死不屈。 ③. 有時為了表示語氣上的強調,可將rather than置于句首。例如: Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends. 我寧可向朋友借錢,也不愿拒絕幫助你。 ④. would rather后也可跟從句,表示主語寧愿讓某人干某事。這時,從句謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣,即用一般過去時表示現在或將來要做的事;用過去完成時表示已經做過的事或過去要做的事。例如: I'd rather she set out to do the work now. 我寧愿她現在就著手做這項工作。 I'd rather you met her at the airport tomorrow morning. 我但愿你明天早上能在機場見到她。 I'd rather you hadn't told him the news that day. 我真希望你那天沒有把那個消息告訴他。 ⑤would rather后還可接動詞的完成式,表示主語要做某事,而結果卻事與愿違。例如: I'd rather have left a note on her desk. 我本想留張字條在她書桌上的。(事實上沒有留) 考查固定特殊句式。
29. Only when you can find peace in your heart _____good relationships with others.
A. will you keep
B. you will keep
C. you kept
D. did you keep
【答案】A
【解析】
試題分析:考查only修飾句子的狀語(從句)位于句首時,句子主句要用部分倒裝。為only+狀語/狀語從 句+ be/ 助動詞/情態動詞+主語。故正確。33. It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do
makes life
happy.
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. who
【答案】A
【考點定位】考查強調句結構用法
【知識拓展】
1. 在強調主語時,that后的謂語動詞要與被強調者保持人稱和數的一致。
??It?is?I?who?am?a?teacher.
2. 在強調not?…until?結構中由?until?短語(或從句)表示的時間狀語時,要用固定的強調句型It?is(was)?not?until?...that...。
It?was?not?until?12?o'clock?last?night?that?my?father?came?home.
3. 特殊疑問句中只有疑問詞可以強調,其強調結構是“被強調部分(通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞)+?is/was?+?it?+?that/?who?+?其它部分?
Where?was?it?that?you?were?born?
2024年高考題
2024·上海卷]39. Among the crises that face humans ______ the lack of natural resources.
A. is B. are C. is there D. are there
【答案】A
考查倒裝句的用法。
2024·上海卷]37. ______ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about.
A. To look B. Looking C. Having looked D. Look
【答案】D
【解析】題干的意思是:“看照片,插圖和標題,你可以猜出這個閱讀是關于什么”。題干中的關鍵信息詞是并列連詞and,本句中and連接兩個并列成分。and后面是一個句子,所以與之并列的就一定是句子,只有D選項是動詞原形,可以構成祈使句。其他選項都只是非謂語動詞,不可以直接構成句子。
考查祈使句。2024·重慶卷] 27It was with the help of the local guide
________
the mountain climber was rescued.
A.who
B.that
C.when
D.how
【答案】B
【解析】由于被強調的是with the help of the local guide,而并非guide, 所以用that來連接。
考查強調句。2024·課標全國卷Ⅱ] 10 It was only after he had read the papers
________
Mr. Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A.when
B. that
C. which
D. what
【答案】B
【解析】句意:只有在讀了這些文件后,格羅斯先生才認識到他面臨著的任務很難完成。此句是對only引導的時間狀語從句的強調。省略了it was…that之后,句子結構完整。
考查強調句型。2024·課標全國卷Ⅱ] 12Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent
________ properly in this hospital.
A. can be the patients treated
B. can the patients be treated
C. the patients can be treated
D.treated can be the patients
【答案】B
考查倒裝句。2024·天津卷]11 It was not until near the end of the letter ________
she mentioned her own plan.
A. that
B. where
C.why
D.when
【答案】A
【解析】根據固定句型it was not until … that… 直到……才,得出答案為that。句意:直到在信的結尾她才提到了她的計劃。
考查強調句型。2024·四川卷] 4Read this story,
________
you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.
A. or
B. and
C. but
D. so
【答案】B
【解析】此處考查句型:祈使句+and+將來時態的簡單句。句意:讀了這個故事,你會發現,不是每樣東西都可以用金錢來買。
考查連詞在特殊句型中的使用。2024·江西卷] 25Only when he apologizes for his rudeness ________to him again.
A. I will speak
B. will I speak
C. do I speak
D. I speak
【答案】B
【解析】句意:只有他為他的粗魯行為道歉時,我才會再跟他講話。only+時間狀語從句放在句首時,句子要部分倒裝。when引導的從句用一般現在時表將來,主句應該用將來時。
考查倒裝。2024·遼寧卷] 26At no time ________ the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.
A.they actually broke
B.do they actually break
C.did they actually break
D.they had actually broken
【答案】C
【解析】否定介詞短語位于句首,用部分倒裝。根據后面“it was unfair to punish them”中謂語是過去時,所以選C而不選B。