Unit 2 English around the world

　　晨背三部曲 特殊句式(強調句)

　　經典佳句

　　1．我想申請我們學校英語俱樂部的副主席職位。

　　It's the position

　　vice-president of our school English club that I would like to run for.

　　2．是團隊工作而不是獨干使我擺脫了麻煩且增加了工作效率。

　　It was working in teams rather than on my own that has freed me of trouble and made my

　　work more efficient.

　　3．直到聽到他說的話，我才意識到學習的重要性。

　　It wasn't until I heard what he said that I realized the importance of study.

　　4．正是因為人類的一些行為使得一些動物瀕臨滅絕。

　　It's because of human activities that some animals are endangered.

　　5．我們真的希望采取措施來阻止這種事情再次發生。

　　We do hope that something can be done to prevent such things

　　happening again.

　　熱身體驗

　　句型轉換

　　1．What you do rather than what you say matters.(強調主語)

　　→It_is_what_you_do_rather_than_what_you_say_that matters.

　　2．He realized it was not so important after he got what he had desired.(強調時間狀語)

　　→It_was_after_he_got_what_he_had_desired_that he realized it was not so important.

　　3．Write to me when you get there.(強調謂語動詞)

　　→Do write to me when you get there.

　?、?詞海拾貝

　　基礎記憶

　　1．official adj.官方的；正式的；公務的

　　2．native adj.

　　本國的；本地的

　　n.

　　本地人；本國人

　　3．actually adv.

　　實際上；事實上

　　4．command n．& vt.

　　命令；指令；掌握

　　5．request n．& vt.

　　請求；要求

　　6．accent n.

　　口音；腔調；重音

　　7．straight adv.

　　直接；挺直

　　adj.

　　直的；筆直的；正直的

　　8．base vt.以……為根據 n．基部；基地；基礎→basic adj.基本的；基礎的

　　9．gradual adj.逐漸的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐漸地；逐步地

　　10．latter adj.較后的；后半的；(兩者中)后者的→latest adj.最新的；最近的→later adv.

　　后來 adj.后期的→lately adv.近來；最近

　　11．fluent adj.流利的；流暢的→fluently adv.流利地；流暢地→fluency n．流利；流暢

　　12．frequent adj.頻繁的；常見的→frequently adv.常常；頻繁地

　　13．expression n．詞語；表示；表達→express vt.表達

　　14．recognize vt.辨認出；承認；公認→recognition n．認出；認識

　　語境記憶

　　15．Mary speaks fluent Chinese while her brother speaks Japanese fluently.(fluent)

　　16．I can hardly express how grateful I feel.I will give him the present as an expression of gratitude.(express)

　　17．I hardly recognized him when he came in.As a matter of fact, illness and age changed him beyond recognition.(recognize)

　　篇章記憶

　　Millions of people want to conquer the English language.They desire to speak English fluently like a native.Of course, mastering spelling and vocabulary plays a part in mastering English.Many English learners want instant success.However, having a good command of English is a gradual process.

　　Ⅱ.短語互譯

　　1.走近；上來；被提出　come_up

　　2．扮演一個角色；參與

　　play_a_part_(in)

　　3．以……作為……的基礎

　　base_..._on_..._

　　4．標準英語

　　standard_English

　　5．信不信由你

　　believe_it_or_not

　　6．because of

　　由于；因為

　　7．at present

　　現在；目前

　　8．make use of

　　利用；使用

　　9．such as

　　例如……；像這種的

　　10．the number of

　　……的數量

　?、?句型一覽

　　1.疑問詞＋do you think/believe/imagine/guess ... ＋其他

　　Which_country_do_you_think (你認為哪個國家) has the most English learners?

　　2．even if引導讓步狀語從句

　　Native English speakers can understand each other even_if_they_don't_speak_the_same_kind_of_English (即使他們所講的英語不盡相同)．

　　3．more ... than ... 與其說……倒不如說……

　　It was_based_more_on_German (更多的是以德語為基礎) than the English we speak at present.

　　4．“no such＋可數名詞單數”意為“沒有這樣的……”

　　Believe it or not, there is no_such_thing_as_standard_English (沒有像標準英語這樣的東西)．

　?、?語法自測——直接引語和間接引語(Ⅱ)

　　完成句子

　　1．The monitor asked me not_to_forget_to_turn_off the lights when I left the classroom.(turn)

　　班長叫我離開教室時不要忘記了關燈。

　　2.Mr Brown asked Mary whether_she_would_write Tom a letter in English or send him an e-mail.(write)

　　布朗先生問瑪麗是給湯姆用英文寫一封信還是給他發電子郵件。

　　3．Lisa asked me when/what_time_I_was_leaving_for Shanghai and when I could return.(leave)

　　麗薩問我何時動身去上海以及何時能夠回來。

　　4．Mum asked me how_I_dealt_with the disagreement between the company and the customers.(deal)

　　媽媽問我是如何處理公司和顧客之間的分歧的。

　　5．Last night's TV news said that by then the death of the missing people hadn't_been_proved yet.(prove)

　　昨晚的電視資訊說到那時為止，失蹤人員中的死亡情況還沒有得到證實。

　　　1.base vt.以……為根據 n．基部；基地；基礎

　　(1)base ... on/upon ... 把……建立在……基礎之上

　　be based on/upon

　　以……為基礎；依據……

　　(2)basis n.

　　基礎；基本原則

　　on the basis of

　　根據；在……的基礎上

　　(3)basic adj.

　　基本的；基礎的

　　People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often arbitrary rather than

　　based on fixed criteria.

　　人們抱怨說，同意頒發許可證或拒絕授予許可證的決定通常都是任意性的(行為)，而不是基于固定的標準。

　?、贗f you are a new comer to fishing, learning the basic skills may leave you with a lifetime's fun.

　　如果你是一位新手，學習釣魚的基本技巧會給你的一生帶來樂趣。

　　【對點練習】

　　一句多譯

　　這家餐館建立在信任之上，現在運轉正常。

　?、賂he restaurant is_based_on trust, and it is working all right.(base ... on ...)

　?、贐ased_on_trust,_the restaurant is working all right.(分詞短語作狀語)

　　③The restaurant, which_is_based_on_trust,_is working all right.(定語從句)

　?、躎he restaurant, on_the_basis_of_trust,_is working all right.(basis)

　　2.command n．[C]命令；指令；[U]掌握 vt.命令；指揮；支配(1)at one's command　聽某人支配

　　under one's command ＝ under the command of sb.

　　由某人指揮

　　have (a) good command of

　　掌握；精通(尤指語言)

　　(be) in command of

　　掌握；控制

　　take command of

　　控制；擔任……的指揮

　　(2)command sb. to do sth.

　　命令某人做某事

　　command that ... (should) do ...

　　命令……做……

　　①“We must make sure that troops obey the command of the Party and are absolutely loyal and reliable，”President Xi said.

　　習主席說：“我們必須確保軍隊服從黨的領導，要絕對忠誠和可靠?！?/p>

　?、赥he police commanded the witness to describe /that the witness (should) describe what had happened the day before.

　　警察要求目擊者描述一下前一天所發生的事情。

　　【聯想發散】command后面跟從句時，從句謂語用(should＋)do/be done, 以下動詞具有相同的用法：

　　【對點練習】

　　Ⅰ.介詞填空

　　①I'm at your command — what would you like me to do?

　?、贔or the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.

　　③Under the leader's command, they achieved a goal after a goal.

　　④The students behaved badly because she didn't have a good command of English.

　　Ⅱ.一句多譯

　?、堇习迕钏膯T工們在天沒黑之前不能離開辦公室。

　　⑤－1 The boss commanded_that_his_workers_(should)_not_leave their office before dark.(command that ...)

　?、荩? The boss commanded_his_workers_not_to_leave their office before dark.(command＋復合賓語)

　　3.request n．& vt.請求；要求

　　(1)make (a) request for/that ... 　請求；要求……

　　at sb.'s request ＝ at the request of sb.

　　應某人的要求

　　(2)request sb. to do sth.

　　請求某人做某事

　　request sth. from/of sb.

　　向某人要求某物

　　request that sb. (should) do sth.

　　請求某人做某事

　　①You'd sound a lot more polite if you make a request in the form of a question.

　　你如果以問題的形式向對方提出請求就會顯得更有禮貌。

　?、贛y parents requested that I should learn a second foreign language.

　?。?My parents requested me to learn a second foreign language.

　　我父母要求我再學一門外語。

　　【關鍵一點】　

　　request sb. to do sth. √

　　require sb. to do sth. √

　　demand sb. to do sth. ×

　　demand of sb. to do sth. √

　　【對點練習】

　?、?完成句子

　　①It_is_requested_that all the articles should be related to the students' life.(request)

　　要求所有的文章與學生的生活有關。

　?、?句型轉換

　　②I requested that the students should be well prepared for the exam.

　　→I made a request that the students should be well prepared for the exam.

　?、踂e requested Mr. Wang not to smoke in the office.

　　→We requested that

　　Mr. Wang (should)_not smoke in the_office.

　　4.recognize vt.辨認出；承認；公認

　　(1) recognize ... as/to be ... 　承認/公認……是……

　　recognize that ...

　　認識到/承認……

　　It is (generally) recognized that ... 公認……

　　人們

　　(2)recognition n.

　　認出；認識

　　out of/beyond recognition

　　認不出來

　　?、買t is the ability to recognize a change in number.

　　　辨認出數字的變化是一種能力。

　　We had to recognize that they had many advantages over us in some aspects.

　　我們不得不承認，他們在某些方面要比我們更有優勢。

　　【對點練習】

　　Ⅰ.用recognize的適當形式填空

　?、貰eing recognized in public has brought her much trouble, so she is always wearing dark glasses to avoid recognition.

　　Ⅱ.完成句子

　?、赥he city has been built up so fast that_it's_changed_beyond_recognition.(recognize)

　　這座城市建設得真快，已看不出它原來的面貌了。

　?、跧t_is_recognized_that environment pollution has become one of the most serious problems that people face.(recognize)

　　人們一致認為環境污染已經成為人們面臨的最嚴重的問題之一。

　　because of因為；由于

　　?、貰ecause of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break when she got to her office.

　　因為交通阻塞，當她到達辦公室時已經是午休的時間了。

　?、赟he was angry because of what you had said.

　　因為你說的話，她生氣了。

　　【聯想發散】表示“由于，因為”的短語還有哪些？

　　owing to, thanks to, due to, as a result of, on account of等。

　　【個性比較】　because, because of

　　because 連詞，引導原因狀語從句或表語從句

　　because of 介詞短語，后面接名詞、代詞、名詞性短語或what從句

　　【對點練習】

　?、?選詞填空(because/because of)

　?、貶e is absent today because he is ill.

　?。?He is absent today because_of his illness.

　?、?高考作文高級表達

　　②由于(because of)愛迪生對世界做出了巨大貢獻，我十分崇拜他。

　　I_admire_Edison_a_lot_because_of_his_great_contributions_to_the_world.

　　6.come up 走近；上來；被提出；發生；發芽；(太陽、月亮等)上升　

　　①It is hoped that the question will come up at the meeting.

　　人們希望這個問題在會議上被提出。

　　②I'll let you know if anything comes up.

　　如果發生什么事的話，我會讓你知道的。

　　【輕松識記】

　　come up with　想出；提出come about

　　發生come across

　　穿過(路、橋)；(偶然)遇見；發現come to

　　蘇醒；總計；達到；談到When it comes to ...

　　當談到……

　　【關鍵一點】　

　　come up 主語是物，表示(計劃、建議、議題等)被提出

　　come up with 主語是人或團體組織，表示(某人)提出

　　Why tell the truth when you can come up with a good excuse？

　　既然你能想出一個好的借口，為什么要說出真相？

　　【對點練習】

　　寫出下列句中come up的含義

　?、貯n old lady came up to me and asked for directions.走近

　　②As soon as the project came up at the meeting, it attracted many people's attention.被提出

　?、跧 planted some lily (百合花) seeds in the yard.But they failed to come up.發芽

　?、躓hen the moon came up, the young people began their celebration.(太陽、月亮等)升起

　?、軮'm afraid something urgent has come up.發生

　　7.make use of 利用；使用

　　　充分利用

　　(2)come into use