中考英語語法:主謂一致問題
1、主語和謂語基本保持單復數的一致,即:主語是可數名詞單數或不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數形式:如: The computer was a great invention.(計算機是個了不起的發明) The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷) 2、集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時, ① 如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數形式,如: Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) ② 如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用復數形式,如: Class Three have a map of China.(三班有張中國地圖) 3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個時謂語用單數,表示許多時,謂語用復數。如: There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊) There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊) 4、maths, news等雖然有s結尾,但不是復數,因此謂語仍用單數: The news is very exciting. (這個消息令人興奮) 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復數形式,故謂語用復數。如: The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買) 6、a lot of 后跟名詞復數時謂語用復數形式,跟不可數名詞時謂語用單數形式。如: A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現在有許多學生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時間花在了那個工作上)(被動句) 7、and 連接兩個名詞做主語時,謂語原則上用復數,但是兩個名詞若構成一個整體事物時,謂語則用單數。如: The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) Fish and chips is very famous food. (魚和薯條是一種出名的食品) 8、 there be 句型中be的單復數一般由靠近的名詞決定。如: There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子) 9、用bothand連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用復數。如: Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來) 10、主語中含有with的短語時,謂語單復數由with之前的人物決定。如: A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一個七歲的孩子(當時)就站在路邊) 11、eitheror或者 neithernor連接兩個人物做句子主語時,謂語采用就近原則。如: Either you or he is right.(要么是你對,要么是他對。/你和他有一個人是對的) Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段時間或長度概念的復數名詞做主語時,謂語一般用單數。如: Two months is not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時間) Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離)。(兩千千米是相當長的一段距離) 13、主語中含有half of / three quarters of / all (of) the 等詞語時,謂語的單復數由名詞確定,如: Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的) A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學生的三分之一(當時)正在湖邊玩耍) All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經被污染了)(被動句) 但是,population一詞又有特殊情況: Whats the population of China?(中國人口是多少?)(句子用單數) Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人)。(這個城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復數)1、主語和謂語基本保持單復數的一致,即:主語是可數名詞單數或不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數形式:如: The computer was a great invention.(計算機是個了不起的發明) The water in the glass is very cold.(玻璃杯里的水很冷) 2、集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時, ① 如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數形式,如: Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班) ② 如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用復數形式,如: Class Three have a map of China.(三班有張中國地圖) 3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個時謂語用單數,表示許多時,謂語用復數。如: There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊) There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊) 4、maths, news等雖然有s結尾,但不是復數,因此謂語仍用單數: The news is very exciting. (這個消息令人興奮) 5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復數形式,故謂語用復數。如: The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買) 6、a lot of 后跟名詞復數時謂語用復數形式,跟不可數名詞時謂語用單數形式。如: A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現在有許多學生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時間花在了那個工作上)(被動句) 7、and 連接兩個名詞做主語時,謂語原則上用復數,但是兩個名詞若構成一個整體事物時,謂語則用單數。如: The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) Fish and chips is very famous food. (魚和薯條是一種出名的食品) 8、 there be 句型中be的單復數一般由靠近的名詞決定。如: There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子) 9、用bothand連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用復數。如: Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來) 10、主語中含有with的短語時,謂語單復數由with之前的人物決定。如: A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一個七歲的孩子(當時)就站在路邊) 11、eitheror或者 neithernor連接兩個人物做句子主語時,謂語采用就近原則。如: Either you or he is right.(要么是你對,要么是他對。/你和他有一個人是對的) Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 12、表示一段時間或長度概念的復數名詞做主語時,謂語一般用單數。如: Two months is not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時間) Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離)。(兩千千米是相當長的一段距離) 13、主語中含有half of / three quarters of / all (of) the 等詞語時,謂語的單復數由名詞確定,如: Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的) A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學生的三分之一(當時)正在湖邊玩耍) All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經被污染了)(被動句) 但是,population一詞又有特殊情況: Whats the population of China?(中國人口是多少?)(句子用單數) Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人)。(這個城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復數)