牛津?qū)嵱糜⒄Z語法:150 need not與其他各種形式的區(qū)別
A1 如前所述，need not表示說話人的權(quán)威或勸告：
You neednt write me another cheque.Just change the date and initial it.
你不必給我另開一張支票。你只需改一下日期并簽上你姓名的第一個(gè)字母。
Im in no hurry.He neednt send it by air.He can send it by sea.
我不著急。他不必用航空寄來。海運(yùn)過來就行。
You neednt do it by hand.Ill lend you my machine.
你不必用手縫。我把縫紉機(jī)借給你。
You neednt call me Mr Jones.We all use first names here.
你不用管我叫瓊斯先生。我們這里都只叫名字。
College lecturer：You neednt type your essays but you must write legi- bly.
大學(xué)教師：你們不必把文章用打字機(jī)打出來，但必須字跡清楚。
2 其他表示外界權(quán)威的形式：
Tom doesnt have to wear uniform at school.
湯姆在學(xué)校不一定要穿校服。
We dont have to type our essays but we have to write legibly.
我們的文章不一定要打出來，但字跡一定要清楚。
When Im an old age pensioner I wont have to pay any more bus fares.
等我到領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金的時(shí)候，我坐公共汽車就不用買票了。
Ann hasnt got to go/doesnt have to go to this lecture.Attendance is op- tional.
安不一定非去聽講。那講座是可去可不去的。
When I have a telephone of my own I wont have to waste time waiting outside these wretched telephone boxes.
等我自己有了電話，我就不用等在討厭的電話亭外而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。
Ann doesnt have to cook for herself.She works at a hotel and gets all hermeals there.
安不用自己做飯吃。她在一家飯店工作，在那里用餐。
3 然而，有時(shí)need not也可以用于表示外界權(quán)威，以代替wont/ dont need to或wont/dont have to等各種形式。這種用法尤其普遍地用于第一人稱：
I neednt/wont/dont have to type this report today.Mr Jones said that there was no hurry about it.
我今天不必把這個(gè)報(bào)告打出來。瓊斯先生說這份報(bào)告不急著要。
請(qǐng)注意，雖然 need not可用來表示將來的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作：
Im retiring.After Friday I need never go to the office again.
我就要退休了。星期五之后我就再也不必到辦公室去了。
但不能用 need not表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作：
I dont have to queue for my bus.I get on at the terminus.
我用不著排隊(duì)等公共汽車。我在首發(fā)站上車。(這里不能用need
not。)
B 過去時(shí)
如 need用于過去時(shí)，說話人的權(quán)威和外界權(quán)威之間的差別就消失了，因而我們可任意運(yùn)用以下三種形式：didnt have to，didnt need to和hadnt got to。這幾種用法不存在含義上的差別，但 hadnt got to不常用于表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 didnt have to 是最常用的：
I didnt have to wait long.He was only a few minutes late.
我沒等太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。他只遲到了幾分鐘。
When he was at university he didnt have to/need to pay anything for his keep，for he stayed with his uncle.
他讀大學(xué)時(shí)不需要付食宿費(fèi)用，因?yàn)樗c他的叔父住在一起。
A1 如前所述，need not表示說話人的權(quán)威或勸告：
You neednt write me another cheque.Just change the date and initial it.
你不必給我另開一張支票。你只需改一下日期并簽上你姓名的第一個(gè)字母。
Im in no hurry.He neednt send it by air.He can send it by sea.
我不著急。他不必用航空寄來。海運(yùn)過來就行。
You neednt do it by hand.Ill lend you my machine.
你不必用手縫。我把縫紉機(jī)借給你。
You neednt call me Mr Jones.We all use first names here.
你不用管我叫瓊斯先生。我們這里都只叫名字。
College lecturer：You neednt type your essays but you must write legi- bly.
大學(xué)教師：你們不必把文章用打字機(jī)打出來，但必須字跡清楚。
2 其他表示外界權(quán)威的形式：
Tom doesnt have to wear uniform at school.
湯姆在學(xué)校不一定要穿校服。
We dont have to type our essays but we have to write legibly.
我們的文章不一定要打出來，但字跡一定要清楚。
When Im an old age pensioner I wont have to pay any more bus fares.
等我到領(lǐng)取養(yǎng)老金的時(shí)候，我坐公共汽車就不用買票了。
Ann hasnt got to go/doesnt have to go to this lecture.Attendance is op- tional.
安不一定非去聽講。那講座是可去可不去的。
When I have a telephone of my own I wont have to waste time waiting outside these wretched telephone boxes.
等我自己有了電話，我就不用等在討厭的電話亭外而浪費(fèi)時(shí)間了。
Ann doesnt have to cook for herself.She works at a hotel and gets all hermeals there.
安不用自己做飯吃。她在一家飯店工作，在那里用餐。
3 然而，有時(shí)need not也可以用于表示外界權(quán)威，以代替wont/ dont need to或wont/dont have to等各種形式。這種用法尤其普遍地用于第一人稱：
I neednt/wont/dont have to type this report today.Mr Jones said that there was no hurry about it.
我今天不必把這個(gè)報(bào)告打出來。瓊斯先生說這份報(bào)告不急著要。
請(qǐng)注意，雖然 need not可用來表示將來的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作：
Im retiring.After Friday I need never go to the office again.
我就要退休了。星期五之后我就再也不必到辦公室去了。
但不能用 need not表示一個(gè)現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作：
I dont have to queue for my bus.I get on at the terminus.
我用不著排隊(duì)等公共汽車。我在首發(fā)站上車。(這里不能用need
not。)
B 過去時(shí)
如 need用于過去時(shí)，說話人的權(quán)威和外界權(quán)威之間的差別就消失了，因而我們可任意運(yùn)用以下三種形式：didnt have to，didnt need to和hadnt got to。這幾種用法不存在含義上的差別，但 hadnt got to不常用于表示習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。 didnt have to 是最常用的：
I didnt have to wait long.He was only a few minutes late.
我沒等太長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。他只遲到了幾分鐘。
When he was at university he didnt have to/need to pay anything for his keep，for he stayed with his uncle.
他讀大學(xué)時(shí)不需要付食宿費(fèi)用，因?yàn)樗c他的叔父住在一起。
