英語(yǔ)講義【6】動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)別忘了呼應(yīng)
在《動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)必須呼應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用有學(xué)問(wèn)》一文里,談到動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)呼應(yīng)問(wèn)題,并提出五個(gè)指導(dǎo)原則,以避免這方面的錯(cuò)誤。但是指導(dǎo)歸指導(dǎo),錯(cuò)誤還是像不速之客,如影隨形,頻頻來(lái)訪。在學(xué)生作業(yè)中,這種錯(cuò)誤排列第一。其他場(chǎng)合也常見(jiàn)到動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)不搭配的語(yǔ)病。下面這廣告第一句中的形容詞分句里便出現(xiàn)了這種錯(cuò)誤:
Dear Owner/Resident, we have ready buyers who is upgrading.
根據(jù)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)律,形容詞分句(也叫定語(yǔ)從句,adjective clause)里的動(dòng)詞必須和主句里的先行詞(antecedent)呼應(yīng)。先行詞是單數(shù),形容詞分句中的動(dòng)詞便是單數(shù);先行詞是復(fù)數(shù),形容詞分句中的動(dòng)詞便是復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
① Do you know the woman who is walking the dog?(陪狗散步)
② Those who have performed well in the tournament will be rewarded.
在①里,先行詞 the woman 是單數(shù),形容詞分句里的動(dòng)詞 is 也是單數(shù)。反之,②里的先行詞 those 是復(fù)數(shù),who 后面的動(dòng)詞也是復(fù)數(shù) have.
根據(jù)這原則,who is upgrading 中的 is 便要改為 are 了。
動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)不呼應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤比比皆是。除了上述例子外,常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤還有下面幾種類(lèi)型:
③ Has Mr and Mrs Li decided to emigrate?
④ Do your uncle live in Malaysia?
⑤ There is several beautiful paintings on the wall.
⑥ The news of Henrys resignation were received with great surprise.
⑦ What we are doing are good for the nation as a whole.
⑧ Someone have forgotten to turn off the light.
在③里,助動(dòng)詞 has 和復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ) Mr and Mrs Li 不符,要改為 have.第④句里的 do 和 your uncle 不搭配,要改為 does.第⑤ 句里的 is 和真正主語(yǔ) paintings 的數(shù)不一致,應(yīng)改為 are.這個(gè)句子也可改變?yōu)椋篠everal beautiful paintings are on the wall。在⑥里的主語(yǔ) news,其形式是復(fù)數(shù),但意思是單數(shù),動(dòng)詞也要單數(shù)的 was received 才行。⑦里的主語(yǔ)是名詞分句(noun clause),是個(gè)單數(shù)的單位,動(dòng)詞也要單數(shù)的 is,不是 are.在⑧ 里的主語(yǔ) someone 是單數(shù)代名詞,隨后的動(dòng)詞必須是 has forgotten 才對(duì)。
上述動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)不一致的毛病,屢見(jiàn)不鮮;即使英語(yǔ)能力好的人,也難幸免。
下面這句英語(yǔ)很好,但是里面的動(dòng)詞對(duì)嗎?是 has 還是 have 呢?
Its unique concept and impressive magnitude has made it the talking point of the region.
既然這句的主語(yǔ)是由 concept 和 magnitude 組成,便是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然也要復(fù)數(shù) have 才是。
在《動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)必須呼應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用有學(xué)問(wèn)》一文里,談到動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)呼應(yīng)問(wèn)題,并提出五個(gè)指導(dǎo)原則,以避免這方面的錯(cuò)誤。但是指導(dǎo)歸指導(dǎo),錯(cuò)誤還是像不速之客,如影隨形,頻頻來(lái)訪。在學(xué)生作業(yè)中,這種錯(cuò)誤排列第一。其他場(chǎng)合也常見(jiàn)到動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)不搭配的語(yǔ)病。下面這廣告第一句中的形容詞分句里便出現(xiàn)了這種錯(cuò)誤:
Dear Owner/Resident, we have ready buyers who is upgrading.
根據(jù)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法規(guī)律,形容詞分句(也叫定語(yǔ)從句,adjective clause)里的動(dòng)詞必須和主句里的先行詞(antecedent)呼應(yīng)。先行詞是單數(shù),形容詞分句中的動(dòng)詞便是單數(shù);先行詞是復(fù)數(shù),形容詞分句中的動(dòng)詞便是復(fù)數(shù)。例如:
① Do you know the woman who is walking the dog?(陪狗散步)
② Those who have performed well in the tournament will be rewarded.
在①里,先行詞 the woman 是單數(shù),形容詞分句里的動(dòng)詞 is 也是單數(shù)。反之,②里的先行詞 those 是復(fù)數(shù),who 后面的動(dòng)詞也是復(fù)數(shù) have.
根據(jù)這原則,who is upgrading 中的 is 便要改為 are 了。
動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)不呼應(yīng)的錯(cuò)誤比比皆是。除了上述例子外,常見(jiàn)的錯(cuò)誤還有下面幾種類(lèi)型:
③ Has Mr and Mrs Li decided to emigrate?
④ Do your uncle live in Malaysia?
⑤ There is several beautiful paintings on the wall.
⑥ The news of Henrys resignation were received with great surprise.
⑦ What we are doing are good for the nation as a whole.
⑧ Someone have forgotten to turn off the light.
在③里,助動(dòng)詞 has 和復(fù)數(shù)主語(yǔ) Mr and Mrs Li 不符,要改為 have.第④句里的 do 和 your uncle 不搭配,要改為 does.第⑤ 句里的 is 和真正主語(yǔ) paintings 的數(shù)不一致,應(yīng)改為 are.這個(gè)句子也可改變?yōu)椋篠everal beautiful paintings are on the wall。在⑥里的主語(yǔ) news,其形式是復(fù)數(shù),但意思是單數(shù),動(dòng)詞也要單數(shù)的 was received 才行。⑦里的主語(yǔ)是名詞分句(noun clause),是個(gè)單數(shù)的單位,動(dòng)詞也要單數(shù)的 is,不是 are.在⑧ 里的主語(yǔ) someone 是單數(shù)代名詞,隨后的動(dòng)詞必須是 has forgotten 才對(duì)。
上述動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)不一致的毛病,屢見(jiàn)不鮮;即使英語(yǔ)能力好的人,也難幸免。
下面這句英語(yǔ)很好,但是里面的動(dòng)詞對(duì)嗎?是 has 還是 have 呢?
Its unique concept and impressive magnitude has made it the talking point of the region.
既然這句的主語(yǔ)是由 concept 和 magnitude 組成,便是復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞當(dāng)然也要復(fù)數(shù) have 才是。