托福閱讀邏輯出題點解析：分類別邏輯得分要點
托福閱讀中，分類別邏輯也是常考查的高頻邏輯之一。主觀題和客觀題目都有涉及，但以客觀題為主。
（1）如TPO中的這道細節題
Paragraph 2：During wakefulness, breathing is controlled by two interacting systems. The first is an automatic, metabolic system whose control is centered in the brain stem. It subconsciously adjusts breathing rate and depth in order to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide (C02,) and oxygen (02,), and the acid-base ratio in the blood. The second system is the voluntary, behavioral system. Its control center is based in the forebrain, and it regulates breathing for use in speech, singing, sighing, and so on. It is capable of ignoring or overriding the automatic, metabolic system and produces an irregular pattern of breathing.
題目：According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the voluntary breathing system EXCEPT:
選項A ：It has its control center in the brain stem
這個段落里將two interacting systems 分成兩個類別，題目是找出不屬于第二個類別的表述，選項A屬于第一個類別特點，選項的設置采用了張冠李戴。
（2）再如TPO中的這道細節題
Paragraph 5 ：The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions. First, the major predators of deer---wolves, cougar, and lynx--have been greatly reduced in numbers. Second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting. But the most profound reason for the restoration of high population numbers has been the gate of the forests. Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer.
題目：Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a factor that has increased deer populations?
選項：D
A．A reduction in the number of predators
B．Restrictions on hunting
C．The effects of logging and fire
D．Laws that protected feeding grounds of deer
這個段落里將原因分成三個方面，選項D屬于未提到的原因。
（3）再如TPO中的這道修辭目的題
Paragraph 3: The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930s. The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950s onward, transformed the economy of the region. More than 100,000 wells now tap the Ogallala. Modern irrigation devices, each capable of spraying 4.5 million liters of water a day, have produced a landscape dominated by geometric patterns of circular green islands of crops. Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the cotton, sorghum, wheat, and corn grown in the United States. In addition, 40 percent of American grain-fed beef cattle are fattened here.
題目In paragraph 3, why does the author provide the information that 40 percent of American cattle are fattened in the High Plains?
選項C：To provide another example of how water from the Ogallala has transformed the economy of the High Plains .
段落里分類別描述了農業灌溉改變當地經濟的不同方面的表現，題目正是in addition所在句，即該段的最后一個方面，同時結合修辭目的題的特點，分類前的主旨句（該段2句）就是答案。
分類別邏輯詞還有諸如：Also, too, besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, again，as well as , in addition, what is more, first ---next/ second --third/ last, in the first place, to begin with , for one thing-----for another thing， 希望大家多關注閱讀中的分類別邏輯，通過給出的邏輯詞迅速把握文章框架，除此之外，寫作里也可以多借鑒閱讀里經常考察的邏輯詞，使你的文章更嚴密。
托福閱讀中，分類別邏輯也是常考查的高頻邏輯之一。主觀題和客觀題目都有涉及，但以客觀題為主。
（1）如TPO中的這道細節題
Paragraph 2：During wakefulness, breathing is controlled by two interacting systems. The first is an automatic, metabolic system whose control is centered in the brain stem. It subconsciously adjusts breathing rate and depth in order to regulate the levels of carbon dioxide (C02,) and oxygen (02,), and the acid-base ratio in the blood. The second system is the voluntary, behavioral system. Its control center is based in the forebrain, and it regulates breathing for use in speech, singing, sighing, and so on. It is capable of ignoring or overriding the automatic, metabolic system and produces an irregular pattern of breathing.
題目：According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of the voluntary breathing system EXCEPT:
選項A ：It has its control center in the brain stem
這個段落里將two interacting systems 分成兩個類別，題目是找出不屬于第二個類別的表述，選項A屬于第一個類別特點，選項的設置采用了張冠李戴。
（2）再如TPO中的這道細節題
Paragraph 5 ：The causes of this population rebound are consequences of other human actions. First, the major predators of deer---wolves, cougar, and lynx--have been greatly reduced in numbers. Second, conservation has been insured by limiting times for and types of hunting. But the most profound reason for the restoration of high population numbers has been the gate of the forests. Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging, fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer.
題目：Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 5 as a factor that has increased deer populations?
選項：D
A．A reduction in the number of predators
B．Restrictions on hunting
C．The effects of logging and fire
D．Laws that protected feeding grounds of deer
這個段落里將原因分成三個方面，選項D屬于未提到的原因。
（3）再如TPO中的這道修辭目的題
Paragraph 3: The first wells were drilled into the Ogallala during the drought years of the early 1930s. The ensuing rapid expansion of irrigation agriculture, especially from the 1950s onward, transformed the economy of the region. More than 100,000 wells now tap the Ogallala. Modern irrigation devices, each capable of spraying 4.5 million liters of water a day, have produced a landscape dominated by geometric patterns of circular green islands of crops. Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the cotton, sorghum, wheat, and corn grown in the United States. In addition, 40 percent of American grain-fed beef cattle are fattened here.
題目In paragraph 3, why does the author provide the information that 40 percent of American cattle are fattened in the High Plains?
選項C：To provide another example of how water from the Ogallala has transformed the economy of the High Plains .
段落里分類別描述了農業灌溉改變當地經濟的不同方面的表現，題目正是in addition所在句，即該段的最后一個方面，同時結合修辭目的題的特點，分類前的主旨句（該段2句）就是答案。
分類別邏輯詞還有諸如：Also, too, besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, again，as well as , in addition, what is more, first ---next/ second --third/ last, in the first place, to begin with , for one thing-----for another thing， 希望大家多關注閱讀中的分類別邏輯，通過給出的邏輯詞迅速把握文章框架，除此之外，寫作里也可以多借鑒閱讀里經常考察的邏輯詞，使你的文章更嚴密。
