Unit 3　Understanding each other

　　1．____________ vt. 和某人打招呼（或問好）→____________ n. 問候

　　2．____________ vt. 擔保，確保→____________ adj. 確信的

　　3．____________ v. 道賀，祝賀→____________ n.祝賀，賀詞

　　4．____________ n. 接待，招待會→____________ vt. 接待，收到

　　5．____________ vt.& vi 調整，調節→____________ n.調整，調節→____________ adj.可調節的

　　6．____________ n. 冒犯，侮辱→____________ vt.冒犯，違反

　　7．____________ v. 慶祝，慶賀→____________ n.慶祝活動，慶典

　　8．____________ vt. 期望，期待→____________ n. 期望，盼望

　　9．____________ n.宗教→____________ adj.宗教的，虔誠的

　　10．____________ adj.輕微的→____________ adv.輕微地

　　11．____________ adj.勇敢的→____________ n. 勇敢

　　12．____________ vt.統治，支配→____________ n. 政府 ____________ n.統治者

　　13．____________ adj.神秘的，奇怪的→____________ n.神秘，神秘的事

　　14．____________ adj.音樂的→____________ n.音樂

　　1．He looks so f____________ but I can't remember his name.

　　2．Do you find it difficult to a____________ to life in this area?

　　3．The government held a party in c____________ of his successful landing on the moon.

　　4．It is very important to e____________ smooth traffic flows for bicycles.

　　5．His book has become very successful t____________ the year.

　　6．The police will permit you to come in if you have a ____________（許可證）.

　　7．Half of the honored guests invited to the ____________（招待會）were foreign ambassadors.

　　8．The two ____________（報道，陳述）of the accident don't agree.

　　9．Ann and Helen are twin sisters.No wonder they look so ____________（相像）.

　　10．The problem was how to get rid of her without causing ____________（冒犯）.

　　1．____________ soon as 一……就

　　2．drive...____________ 驅趕

　　3．adjust ____________ 調整，調節

　　4．____________ trouble（in）doing sth. 做某事有困難

　　5．get accustomed ____________ 習慣于

　　6．be familiar ____________ 對……熟悉

　　7．____________ place 發生

　　8．after ____________ 畢竟，終究

　　9．do ____________ 沒有……也行

　　10．set ____________ 出發；引爆

　　11．let ____________ 更不用說

　　1．...if you came to Brunei，you would have to take off your shoes before going into someone's house.

　　……如果你來到文萊，你進別人家門之前得脫鞋。

　　句型提煉：本句為表示與現在事實相反的假設和結果。從句用一般過去時，主句用過去將來時。

　　2．...while in Britain if personal fireworks are not permitted，people will just do without.

　　而在英國，如果不允許個人放煙火的話，人們就將就了。

　　句型提煉：while引導并列句，表示兩者對比；do without“沒有……也行”，可放句尾，后面也可加名詞。

　　3．While these different forms of greetings and customs might seem strange to you，remember that what you consider normal probably seems just as unusual to others.

　　盡管這些不同形式的問候、習俗在你看來很奇怪，你要記住：你認為正常的東西在別人看來或許也是不正常的。

　　句型提煉：動詞remember后面接that引導的賓語從句，that多數情況下可以省略，但是如果賓語從句里面含有其他從句，而且從句就放在that后面，that不可以省略。如果有多個賓語從句并列，只有第一個that可以省略。

　　4．They brought with them a culture rich in song，dance and art.

　　他們帶來了富有歌曲、舞蹈和藝術的文化。

　　句型提煉：rich in...為形容詞短語作非謂語，相當于定語從句which is rich in song，dance and art。

　　1．ensure v.確保，保證，擔保；保證給予（賦予，獲得）；使安全

　　He ensured that when in office all secret data would be made public.

　　他保證一旦任職將公開所有的秘密資料。

　　易混辨析ensure，guarantee辨析

　　這組詞都含有一定的“保證”之意。

　　ensure “確定，保證”，強調確保某種行為一定會發生。

　　guarantee 指對某事物的品質或人的行為“提出擔保”，對事物、商品等無質量、性能等方面的欺詐行為作出保證。

　　①The arrangements will ensure each side from attack by another.

　　這些安排將使各方免遭另一方的襲擊。

　　②Many shopkeepers guarantee satisfaction to customers.

　　許多店主對顧客保證滿意。

　　反饋1.1My watch is ______ for one year.

　　A．assured　B．insured

　　C．guaranteed

　　D．ensured

　　反饋1.2We'd like to ______ our customers of the best services.

　　A．assure

　　B．ensure

　　C．guarantee

　　D．insure

　　反饋1.3His ability will ______ success to/for him.

　　A．insure

　　B．ensure

　　C．guarantee

　　D．assure

　　2．permit v.允許、許可，準許；n.許可證，執照

　　1）permit用作及物動詞，可用于以下結構：

　　permit doing sth.允許做某事

　　permit sb.to do sth.允許某人做某事

　　permit that...允許……

　　2）permit還可用作名詞，意為“許可證，執照”。

　　①He would not permit the waste of a single grain.他不允許浪費一粒糧食。

　　②We don't permit smoking in the office.我們不允許在辦公室里吸煙。

　　③She permitted me to borrow the book.她允許我借那本書。

　　④You must get a permit if you want to keep a gun.

　　如果你想持有一支槍，你必須弄一張許可證。

　　易混辨析permit，let和allow辨析

　　permit 和 allow 一般可以通用，但permit較正式，強調“正式許可”或“上級、文件認可”等積極意義。let 是三個詞中最不正式的，較口語化，語意最弱，指“給予可能或同意”，有時含“難以阻止或限制”之意。allow 指“并不反對”，偏重“默許”，含義較消極。另外，allow sb. to do sth.也可表示“使得某人能夠做某事”，相當于make it possible for sb. to do sth.；主語常為事物。

　　①No foreigner is permitted to go beyond the limit.

　　外國人不可以超越界限。

　　②Each passenger is allowed 20 kilograms of baggage.

　　每位旅客準許攜帶20公斤行李。

　　③Popular use of electricity allows people to spend much less time on their work.

　　電的廣泛使用讓人們在工作上節省很多時間。

　　反饋2.1Visitors are not permitted ______ the park after dark because of the lack of lighting.

　　A．to enterB．entering

　　C．to enter inD．entering in

　　反饋2.2—Shall I make a fair copy of it?

　　—______.

　　A．No，you don't

　　B．Yes，that's OK

　　C．Yes，if time permits

　　D．No，no need

　　反饋2.3Online posting ______ the Chinese to expose corrupt officials to the public，which they would be unable to do with ease in the physical world.

　　A．allowsB．permits

　　C．letsD．promises

　　3．accustomed adj. 習慣于……的，適應了的，通常的

　　be accustomed to...習慣于……

　　① I am not accustomed to walking long distances.

　　我不習慣于長距離的步行。

　　②The young man soon became accustomed to hard work.

　　那個年輕人很快就習慣于辛苦的工作了。

　　③He has become accustomed to his new duties.他已經適應了新的職務。

　　④He was accustomed to sleeping for an hour after lunch.

　　他習慣于在午餐后睡一個小時。

　　易混辨析be accustomed to，used to辨析

　　be accustomed to表示“習慣于”的意思，該結構中的to是介詞。此外，accustom 還可以構成 “accustom oneself to”的句型，意為“使自己習慣于”，該結構中的to只能是介詞。used to表示過去的習慣，to為不定式符號，后跟動詞原形，只表示過去。

　　①He is accustomed to reading aloud.他習慣于大聲朗讀。

　　②You must accustom yourself to reading aloud.

　　你必須使自己習慣于大聲朗讀。

　　③This is where I used to live.

　　這是我過去曾住的地方。

　　反饋3.1Since he can't afford to eat out every day，he has to ______ himself to the hostel food.

　　A．inhabit

　　B．dispose

　　C．accustom

　　D．adopt

　　反饋3.2Accustomed to ______ in the countryside，he found it hard to adapt to city life.

　　A．living

　　B．lived

　　C．lives

　　D．have lived

　　反饋3.3Don't worry，she is accustomed to ______ like that.

　　A．being spoken to

　　B．be spoken

　　C．being spoken

　　D．speak to

　　反饋3.4—They are quiet，aren't they?

　　—Yes.They are accustomed ______ at meals.

　　A．to talk

　　B．to not talk

　　C．to talking

　　D．to not talking

　　4．familiar adj.熟悉的，熟知的，友好的，不拘禮節的（有時被人認為太放肆，不夠尊重人）

　　be familiar to 為……所熟悉

　　be familiar with 熟悉，通曉，精通

　　make oneself familiar with 同……好（熟悉）起來；同……親近起來

　　in a familiar way/style 親切的方式/風格

　　① Are you familiar with the laws relating to trespass?

　　你熟悉關于侵入私人領地的法律嗎？

　　②This nursery rhyme is very familiar to me.

　　我對這首搖籃曲很熟悉。

　　③He yearned for a sight of the old，familiar faces.

　　他渴望一見那些熟悉的老面孔。

　　④He is my familiar friend.他是我親密的朋友。

　　⑤His voice on the phone sounded familiar to me.

　　他在電話上的聲音我聽起來很熟悉。

　　⑥She greeted them by their first names in a familiar way.

　　她與他們打招呼時親切地直呼其名。

　　反饋4.1（2024·江西南昌二中月考）Though I'm familiar ______the poem，I'll try to learn it______ heart.

　　A．to；to　

　　B．to；byC．with；by　

　　D．with；to

　　反饋4.2His name is familiar ______ us.

　　A．byB．to

　　C．inD．with

　　反饋4.3 She wrote ______ a familiar style.

　　A．withB．at

　　C．byD．in

　　反饋4.4The woman guest was annoyed when she was treated in a ______ way by the waitor who didn't know her.

　　A．pleasant

　　B．familiar

　　C．special

　　D．friendly

　　5．account n.賬目，賬號，敘述　vt.看作，視為

　　account for 解釋，是……的原因，占（比例）

　　take...into account 對……加以考慮

　　of great/no account 很∕不重要

　　on account of 由于，因為

　　on no account 決不（位于句首時句子要倒裝）

　　account for 作為……對某事的解釋，解釋某事物的原因

　　Keep account of your daily activities.記錄下你的日常活動。

　　You should keep the password of your account in mind.

　　你應該記住你的賬號的密碼。

　　In English law，a man is accounted innocent until he is proved guilty.

　　在英國的法律中，一個人在被證明有罪之前，被看做是清白的。

　　We delayed our departure on account of the bad weather.

　　由于糟糕的天氣，我們的出發被耽擱了。

　　You should account for your bad behavior in public.

　　你應該解釋一下你在公眾場合的惡劣的行為。

　　You should take the expenses into account.

　　你應該把費用考慮進去。

　　反饋5.1______ should any money be given to a small child.

　　A．On no account

　　B．From all accounts

　　C．Of no account

　　D．By all accounts

　　反饋5.2He didn't pass the exam ______ his laziness.

　　A．on accounts of

　　B．on behalf of

　　C．on account of

　　D．in favor of

　　反饋5.3Recent pressure at work may account ______ his strange behavior.

　　A．with

　　B．of

　　C．for

　　D．into

　　6．let alone 別管，不打擾，更不用說

　　When Joe gets mad，just let him alone.喬發怒時不要去管他。

　　Please let my things alone.請不要干涉我的事情。

　　I can't afford a bicycle，let alone a car.

　　我連一部自行車也買不起，更不用說買小轎車了。

　　He doesn't have enough money for food，let alone amusements.

　　他連吃飯的錢都不夠，更不用說娛樂了。

　　I wouldn't speak to him，let alone trust him and lend him some money.

　　我理都不愿理他，更談不上信任他，把錢借給他了。

　　It's difficult to find a place to live in a foreign land，let alone to find a job.

　　在一個陌生地方找住的地方已很難了，更不用說是找工作了。

　　用法提示let alone譯為“更不用說”，相當于一個并列連詞，后面可接動詞不定式、名詞、動名詞、介詞短語及過去分詞等。

　　反饋6.1Can you just ______？I'm tired of your care，Mum.

　　A．go ahead

　　B．come on

　　C．let me alone

　　D．cheer up

　　反饋6.2There isn't enough room for us，let alone ______ six dogs and a cat.

　　A．keep

　　B．to keep

　　C．keeping

　　D．/

　　反饋6.3I haven't decided on the menu yet，let alone ______ the food.

　　A．buy

　　B．to buy

　　C．bought

　　D．buying

　　7．take up 拿起，開始（做），從事，占掉（時間、空間），接受（建議或能得到的東西）

　　The people were quick to take up arms to defend their freedom.

　　人們立刻拿起武器保衛自由。