倒　裝

　　下列情況句子需要全部倒裝

　　(1)表示方位的副詞(如there，here，up，down，out，in，away等)位于句首，句子謂語(yǔ)是go，come，run等表示位置的動(dòng)詞，可將謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。

　　There goes phone again.It’s not stopping ringing all morning.

　　電話鈴又響了。整個(gè)上午都響個(gè)不停。

　　There remains the possibility that mistakes have been made.

　　仍然有可能出了差錯(cuò)。

　　Here comes the train to Beijing.去北京的火車來了。

　　There goes the bell.鈴響了。

　　Down came the rain.下雨了。

　　但主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞時(shí)，主語(yǔ)仍置于動(dòng)詞之前。

　　Here he comes.他來了。

　　Here it comes.它來了。

　　(2)由一些表示方位的介詞短語(yǔ)引起。

　　In the middle of the mountain lies a temple.

　　山里有座廟。

　　Inside the temple live many monks.廟里有很多和尚。

　　(3)一些作表語(yǔ)的形容詞放在句首。

　　Seated in the lecture hall are hundreds of students.

　　演講大廳里坐著數(shù)百名學(xué)生。

　　Present at the conference were many famous people.

　　出席會(huì)談的是很多著名人士。

　　下列情況需要部分倒裝

　　(1)句子以never，seldom，rarely，little，hardly，scarcely等否定意義的副詞以及by no means，not until，not a word，not a single等否定詞開頭的詞組一般都用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。

　　Never in all my life have I felt so humiliated.

　　我這輩子從未感到如此受辱。

　　Seldom in my life have I met so determined a person.

　　一生中我很少見到如此果斷的人。

　　Not a word did he say at the last meeting.

　　在上次會(huì)議上他一句話都沒說。

　　(2)hardly...when，no sooner...than，not only...but also引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，將前一個(gè)分句中的主謂作部分倒裝，后一個(gè)分句中的主謂語(yǔ)序不變。

　　Hardly had he began to speak when his father stopped him.

　　他剛開口發(fā)言就被父親制止了。

　　No sooner had I left my house than it began to rain.

　　我剛剛離開家就下雨了。

　　(3)當(dāng)句子用so，nor，neither開頭，來說明前面一句話中謂語(yǔ)表示的情況，也適用于另外一些人或物時(shí)，主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)部分倒裝，這時(shí)謂語(yǔ)只是用助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞來表示。其常見句型是：so/neither/nor＋be (have/do等助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)＋主語(yǔ)。

　　Frank adores dogs and so does his wife.

　　弗蘭克非常愛狗，他妻子也一樣。

　　She couldn’t work out the answer，and nor could I.

　　她算不出答案，我也算不出。

　　(4)當(dāng)only所修飾的副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，采用部分倒裝形式。

　　Only then did I realize the importance.

　　只有那時(shí)我才意識(shí)到重要性。

　　Only when I see it with my only eyes do I believe it.

　　只有親眼見到，我才相信。

　　(5)在so...that引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)把so提到句首時(shí)，主謂要倒裝。

　　So moved was she that she could not say a word.

　　她激動(dòng)得一句話也說不出來。

　　So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他的聲音那么大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。

　　So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine its speed.光速如此之快，我們很難想像。

　　So frightened is he in the darkness that he dare not say a word.

　　他在黑暗中十分害怕，一句話都不敢說。

　　(6)as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)句子要用倒裝語(yǔ)序，即要將從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或從句中的動(dòng)詞提到as的前面。在as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不用任何冠詞。

　　Try as she might，Sue couldn’t get the door open.

　　無論蘇怎么努力，她都打不開門。

　　Popular as he is，the President hasn’t always managed to have his own way.

　　盡管總統(tǒng)很受人歡迎，但他也并非總按自己的方式辦事。

　　(7)在省略if的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，were，had或should要提到句首構(gòu)成倒裝。

　　Had you come a few minutes earlier，you would have seen him.

　　如果你早來幾分鐘，你會(huì)見到他。

　　Should he be here next week，he would help us.

　　如果他下周來這兒，他就幫助我們。

　　1．(2009年上海卷)Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away________.

　　A．fleeing the thiefB．was fleeing the thief

　　C．the thief was fleeing

　　D．fled the thief

　　【解析】　句意為：聽到狗的狂叫聲，小偷逃掉了。本題考查了全部倒裝句。表地點(diǎn)方位的副詞away放句首時(shí)，句子要全部倒裝。正常的語(yǔ)序是：The thief fled away.

　　【答案】　D

　　2．(2009年全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only________，but students became more interested in the lessons.

　　A．saved was teachers’ energy

　　B．was teachers’ energy saved

　　C．teachers’ energy was saved

　　D．was saved teachers’ energy

　　【解析】　句意為：電腦被應(yīng)用于教學(xué)中。結(jié)果，不僅節(jié)省了老師的精力，學(xué)生也對(duì)課堂更感興趣了。此題考查not only用于句首時(shí)的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，not only用于句首時(shí)后面的句子必須用部分倒裝。

　　【答案】　B

　　3．(2009年重慶卷)Unsatisfied________with the payment，he took the job just to get some work experience.

　　A．though was he

　　B．though he was

　　C．he was though

　　D．was he though

　　【解析】　句意為：盡管對(duì)工資不滿意，但為了獲得工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他還是接受了這份工作。本題考查though引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句可用倒裝的形式，即從句中的表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形置于句首，但主謂順序不變。though引導(dǎo)的從句也可以不倒裝，前半句可寫為：Though he was unsatisfied with the payment。

　　【答案】　B

　　4．(2009年山東卷)So sudden________that the enemy had no time to escape.

　　A．did the attack　B．the attack did

　　C．was the attack

　　D．the attack was

　　【解析】　句意為：這次襲擊非常突然以至于敵人沒有時(shí)間逃跑。so＋adj.放于句首時(shí)，主句倒裝。sudden是形容詞，在句中作表語(yǔ)，故應(yīng)用was。

　　【答案】　C

　　5．(2009年福建卷)For a moment nothing happened.Then________all shouting together.

　　A．voices had come

　　B．came voices

　　C．voices would come

　　D．did voices come

　　【解析】　句意為：那會(huì)兒，什么都沒發(fā)生。之后大家一起歡呼起來。本題考查倒裝句型，副詞then，away，out，in 等置于句首，且主語(yǔ)是名詞時(shí)，主謂要全部倒裝。

　　【答案】　B

　　6．(2009年江蘇卷)Distinguished guests and friends，welcome to our school.________the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni (校友) from home and abroad.

　　A．Attend

　　B．To attend

　　C．Attending

　　D．Having attended

　　【解析】　句意為：尊敬的來賓朋友們，歡迎蒞臨我校。今天早上參加50周年慶典的是來自國(guó)內(nèi)外的校友。本句為倒裝句，正常的語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是：Our alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning.

　　【答案】　C

　　7．(2009年四川卷)Not until I came home last night________to bed.

　　A．Mum did go

　　B．did Mum go

　　C．went Mum

　　D．Mum went

　　【解析】　句意為：昨晚媽媽直到我回家才上床睡覺。not until引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句且提前置于句首需要部分倒裝，又因?yàn)闀r(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)(從came可知)，所以要將助動(dòng)詞did提前。

　　【答案】　B

　　8．(2008年上海卷)So much of interest________that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.

　　A．offers Beijing

　　B．Beijing offers

　　C．does Beijing offer

　　D．Beijing does offer

　　【解析】　so much置于句首，后面的句子應(yīng)用部分倒裝，即將助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)前面。

　　【答案】　C

　　9．(2008年陜西卷)Not until the motorbike looked almost new________repairing and cleaning it.

　　A．he stopped

　　B．did he stop

　　C．stopped he

　　D．he did stop

　　【解析】　句意為：他把摩托車擦洗和修補(bǔ)得像新的一樣才停止下來。not until引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)(或狀語(yǔ)從句)放在句首，主句部分需部分倒裝，所以只有B符合題意。

　　【答案】　B

　　10．(2007年安徽卷)Little________that we were watching his every move，so he seemed to be going his own way in this business.

　　A．he realized

　　B．he didn’t realize

　　C．didn’t he realize

　　D．did he realize

　　【解析】　本題考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。否定詞little位于句首時(shí)句子要部分倒裝。

　　【答案】　D

　　1．(2010屆重慶一中期中測(cè)試)Not until he called the secretary three times________that the manager went to an important meeting.

　　A．did he tell

　　B．he told

　　C．was he told

　　D．he was told

　　【解析】　否定詞not置于句首時(shí)，句子要用部分倒裝，加之he與tell為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故主句應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；所以選C。

　　【答案】　C

　　2．(2010屆福建部分重點(diǎn)中學(xué)聯(lián)考)Only under special circumstances________to take make-up tests.

　　A．a(chǎn)re freshmen permitted

　　B．permitted are freshmen

　　C．freshmen are permitted

　　D．a(chǎn)re permitted freshmen

　　【解析】　only后面跟狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝，故答案為A。

　　【答案】　A

　　3．(2010屆江西高安中學(xué)月考)—Did you see who the driver was?

　　—No，so quickly________that I couldn’t get a good look at his face.

　　A．does the car speed by

　　B．the car sped by

　　C．did the car speed by

　　D．the car speeds by

　　【解析】　考查倒裝句。句型so...that...中so與其后形容詞或副詞置于句首時(shí)，主句部分采用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)；此句時(shí)態(tài)為一般過去時(shí)，借助于助動(dòng)詞did構(gòu)成倒裝句。

　　【答案】　C

　　4．(2010屆江西上高二中月考)________he is，________he can do something that grown-ups do.

　　A．A boy as；but

　　B．A boy though；yet

　　C．Boy as；yet

　　D．Boy as；but

　　【解析】　考查特殊句式。句意為：雖然他只是一個(gè)孩子，但是他可以做一些成年人做的事情。前半句是as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表語(yǔ)前置；此處表語(yǔ)為名詞，其前不加冠詞。此結(jié)構(gòu)可以和yet，still等連用，但不可與but連用。

　　【答案】　C

　　5．(2010屆九江地區(qū)聯(lián)考)Hardly________the phone________I was told that the hotel had been booked full.

　　A．I had picked up；when

　　B．had I picked up；then

　　C．had I picked up；when

　　D．I had picked up；then

　　【解析】　考查倒裝句和固定句式。本句使用了“hardly...when...”句式，表示“剛一……就……”；當(dāng)否定副詞hardly放在句首時(shí)，主句要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因此選C。近年高考試題的單項(xiàng)填空部分有不少試題都呈現(xiàn)“復(fù)合型”，一個(gè)試題中考查兩個(gè)或多個(gè)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。

　　【答案】　C

　　6．(2010屆撫州地區(qū)聯(lián)考)Only when class began________that he had left his book at home.

　　A．will he realize

　　B．he did realize

　　C．did he realize

　　D．should he realize

　　【解析】　考查倒裝句，當(dāng)only＋狀語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝形式。

　　【答案】　C

　　7．(2010年皖南八校第二次聯(lián)考)Little________about H1N1 so far，so there is no doubt that many people are afraid when talking about the disease.

　　A．did scientists known

　　B．scientists have known

　　C．have scientists known

　　D．had scientists known

　　【解析】　本題考查時(shí)態(tài)和倒裝。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞so far，可以確定用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故排除A、D兩項(xiàng)；little表示否定，放句首要倒裝。

　　【答案】　C

　　8．(2009年福州檢測(cè))“By no means，” declared the captain.“________give way to disappointment.”

　　A．we would

　　B．we will

　　C．might we

　　D．shall we

　　【解析】　考查倒裝句型。by no means位于句首句子要倒裝，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該用shall we。

　　【答案】　D

　　9．(2009年南昌二模)Not until he called the secretary three times________that the manager went to an important meeting.

　　A．did he tell

　　B．he told

　　C．was he told

　　D．he was told

　　【解析】　考查倒裝。not until 置于句首，句子要部分倒裝；he 與tell之間存在著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，所以答案為C。

　　【答案】 　C

　　10．(2009年綿陽(yáng)市第三次診斷)________，she talks a lot about her favorite singers after she went home.

　　A．A quiet student as she may be

　　B．Quiet as she may be a student

　　C．Be a quiet student as she may

　　D．Quiet student as she may be

　　【解析】　考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。句意為：盡管她是個(gè)寡言的學(xué)生，但回家后關(guān)于她喜歡的歌手她也談了很多。該倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為：adj.＋n.(單數(shù))＋as＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)。

　　【答案】　D

　　11．(2009年西安八校聯(lián)考二)By the side of the Bird’s Nest________，completed in 2008.

　　A．there standing the Water Cube

　　B．does the Water Cube stand

　　C．the Water Cube stands

　　D．stands the Water Cube

　　【解析】　考查倒裝。由于地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)前置，句子應(yīng)采用全部倒裝語(yǔ)序，即把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)之前。語(yǔ)境為：鳥巢的旁邊就是2008年建成的水立方。

　　【答案】　D

　　12．(2009年福州檢測(cè))Many people agree that never in history________a more splendid opening ceremony than that of the Beijing Olympics.

　　A．there wereB．has there been

　　C．there has been

　　D．were there

　　【解析】　考查倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。在從句中，否定副詞never置于句首，所以要用部分倒裝。