語法專題3 代詞

　?、?單句語法填空

　　1．(2024·陜西，13改編)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the________.

　　答案：other　此處表示“另一只赤著的腳”，指“兩者中另外一只”，用the other。句意：為了暖和自己，那個海員坐在火堆前，赤著的一只腳在摩擦另外一只。

　　2．(2024·浙江，12改編)How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？

　　答案：it　it作形式賓語，指代后面的if從句。

　　3．(2024·福建，21改編)The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but ________ contained any useful suggestions.

　　答案：neither　neither表示“兩者都不”。句意：這個研究小組根據(jù)調(diào)查做了兩個報告，但是沒有一個含有任何有用的建議。

　　4．(2024·新課標(biāo)全國，改編)They reached the top successfully, but on ________ way back conditions were very difficult.

　　答案：their/the　句意為：他們成功登頂，但是在返程的路上卻困難重重。名詞前需限定詞，根據(jù)句意可知，此處填形容詞性物主代詞their與主語保持一致。也可填定冠詞the。

　　5．(2024·課標(biāo)全國，改編)He had a deep voice, which set ________ apart from others in our small town.

　　答案：him　句意為：他的嗓音深沉，這讓他與我們小鎮(zhèn)上其他的人不同。定語從句中缺少謂語動詞set的賓語，應(yīng)填人稱代詞賓格。根據(jù)主句主語he可知填him。

　　6．(2024·浙江，3改編)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making______the driest year since California became a state in 1850.

　　答案：it　句意為：去年平均降雨量僅18.75厘米，是自1850年加利福尼亞州建州以來最干旱的一年。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處指代上文中的last year。故填it。

　　7．(2024·課標(biāo)全國改編)When parents bring home a pet, their child gladly bathes ________ and brushes its fur.

　　答案：it　句意為：當(dāng)父母把一個寵物帶回家時，他們的孩子高興地給它洗澡并刷毛。根據(jù)句意可知，it指代上文中的a pet。

　　8．(2024·陜西，21改編)I'd appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

　　答案：it　句意：如果你能提前讓我知道你是否會來，我將很感激。I'd appreciate it if...“如果……我將不勝感激”，這是appreciate的固定句式，it作形式賓語。

　　9．(2024·新課標(biāo)，14改編)It's an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do________.

　　答案：both　not...both“并非兩者都”，為部分否定。

　　10．(2024·山東，21改編)I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.

　　答案：either　句意：我在紐約和芝加哥住過，但是這兩個地方我都不是很喜歡。either“兩者中的任何一個”。

　　11．(2024·重慶，31改編)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ______.

　　答案：another　句意：循環(huán)利用是保護(hù)環(huán)境的一種方法，再次使用是另一種。another“另一，又一”。

　　12．(2024·遼寧，29改編)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ______of her colleagues.

　　答案：that　根據(jù)“先贏得了學(xué)生的信任，然后贏得了同事的信任”可知，此處用于替代不可數(shù)名詞trust，應(yīng)用that；如果替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用those或the ones。

　　13．(2024·天津，12改編)At our factory there are a few machines similar to______described in this magazine.

　　答案：those　考查用于比較對象替代的代詞。比較對象的替代通常可以用that替代不可數(shù)名詞，those替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故此處用those替代比較對象machines。

　　14．(2024·安徽黃山一模改編)Cultural shock is a feeling which most travelers experience in a foreign country where they find the culture is quite different from that of ________ own.

　　答案：their　句意為：文化沖擊是一種大多數(shù)旅游者在外國會經(jīng)歷的感受，他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕c自己的文化大不相同。根據(jù)句意可知此處指旅行者自己的文化。of one's own為固定搭配，故填their。

　　15．(2024·威海市二模)I had to raise my voice to make ______ heard in the noisy crowd.

　　答案：myself　句意為：在嘈雜的人群里，我不得不提高聲音使自己被聽見。make myself heard意為“使我自己被聽到”。

　　.語法填空

　　在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market. The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind __1__. A man saw them and asked the son why __2__ wasn't riding the donkey. Then the father let __3__ ride it. __4__ man saw them and told __5__ that they should __6__ ride the donkey. So __7__ both got on it. A woman who saw them said, “Tell __8__， why are you both riding that poor animal? __9__ looks so weak and tired. __10__ are so cruel ！” Then, the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge. When they were halfway across the bridge, the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river.

　　1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______

　　6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______

　　答案：1.it　2.he　3.him　4.Another　5.them　6.both　

　　7．they　8.me　9.It　10.You

　　.單句改錯

　　1．(2024·新課標(biāo))We must find ways to protect your environment.

　　答案：your改為our或the　考查代詞。前后代詞要一致，前面的主語是we，所以此處應(yīng)為our或the。

　　2．(2024·新課標(biāo))Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.

　　答案：saw后加his　此處parents為特指，故在前加his。

　　3．(2024·浙江)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.

　　答案：them改為it　句意為：離學(xué)校很近的地方有一座美麗的公園，公園周圍有許多樹。所以應(yīng)用it指代前面的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞park。

　　4．(2024·陜西)My soccer coach retired last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.

　　答案：anything改為something　句意為：我想在他的退休晚會上為他做點特別的事情。此處表示某件事而不是任何事。

　　5．(2024·浙江)Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.

　　答案：his改為its或the　承接上文，此處指票的主人。

　　6．(2024·遼師大附中期中考試)If I chose to take the next bus, I would have to wait for other 30 minutes.

　　答案：other改為another　“數(shù)詞＋時間段”應(yīng)位于another的后面，如果數(shù)詞位于前面，不定代詞應(yīng)用other/more。

　　7．(2024·寧夏銀川一中月考)I knew that they would be worried about myself because I was so far away.

　　答案：myself改為me　be worried about的主語是they，賓語是第一人稱代詞，二者沒有互指關(guān)系，所以作賓語的代詞用賓格me。

　　8．(2024·西藏拉薩中學(xué)月考)In fact, the weather here is quite different from it in your city.

　　答案：it改為that　介詞from的賓語應(yīng)該是同名異物不可數(shù)名詞the weather，而且由后面作定語的in your city可知是特指，故應(yīng)用that替代。

　　9．(2024·吉林實驗中學(xué)三檢)They think it of special help in expressing them.

　　答案：them改為themselves　express的賓語them與其邏輯主語they指的是同一批人，所以作賓語的應(yīng)為反身代詞。

　　10．(2024·浙江杭州一模)That took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water.

　　答案：That改為It　句子的真正主語是動詞不定式短語to reduce the...，所以句首應(yīng)是形式主語，故用it。

　　語法專題3 代詞

　?、?單句語法填空

　　1．(2024·陜西，13改編)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the________.

　　答案：other　此處表示“另一只赤著的腳”，指“兩者中另外一只”，用the other。句意：為了暖和自己，那個海員坐在火堆前，赤著的一只腳在摩擦另外一只。

　　2．(2024·浙江，12改編)How would you like ________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you？

　　答案：it　it作形式賓語，指代后面的if從句。

　　3．(2024·福建，21改編)The research group produced two reports based on the survey，but ________ contained any useful suggestions.

　　答案：neither　neither表示“兩者都不”。句意：這個研究小組根據(jù)調(diào)查做了兩個報告，但是沒有一個含有任何有用的建議。

　　4．(2024·新課標(biāo)全國，改編)They reached the top successfully, but on ________ way back conditions were very difficult.

　　答案：their/the　句意為：他們成功登頂，但是在返程的路上卻困難重重。名詞前需限定詞，根據(jù)句意可知，此處填形容詞性物主代詞their與主語保持一致。也可填定冠詞the。

　　5．(2024·課標(biāo)全國，改編)He had a deep voice, which set ________ apart from others in our small town.

　　答案：him　句意為：他的嗓音深沉，這讓他與我們小鎮(zhèn)上其他的人不同。定語從句中缺少謂語動詞set的賓語，應(yīng)填人稱代詞賓格。根據(jù)主句主語he可知填him。

　　6．(2024·浙江，3改編)An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making______the driest year since California became a state in 1850.

　　答案：it　句意為：去年平均降雨量僅18.75厘米，是自1850年加利福尼亞州建州以來最干旱的一年。根據(jù)句意可知，設(shè)空處指代上文中的last year。故填it。

　　7．(2024·課標(biāo)全國改編)When parents bring home a pet, their child gladly bathes ________ and brushes its fur.

　　答案：it　句意為：當(dāng)父母把一個寵物帶回家時，他們的孩子高興地給它洗澡并刷毛。根據(jù)句意可知，it指代上文中的a pet。

　　8．(2024·陜西，21改編)I'd appreciate ______ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.

　　答案：it　句意：如果你能提前讓我知道你是否會來，我將很感激。I'd appreciate it if...“如果……我將不勝感激”，這是appreciate的固定句式，it作形式賓語。

　　9．(2024·新課標(biāo)，14改編)It's an either-or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do________.

　　答案：both　not...both“并非兩者都”，為部分否定。

　　10．(2024·山東，21改編)I've lived in New York and Chicago, but don't like ________ of them very much.

　　答案：either　句意：我在紐約和芝加哥住過，但是這兩個地方我都不是很喜歡。either“兩者中的任何一個”。

　　11．(2024·重慶，31改編)Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is ______.

　　答案：another　句意：循環(huán)利用是保護(hù)環(huán)境的一種方法，再次使用是另一種。another“另一，又一”。

　　12．(2024·遼寧，29改編)To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then ______of her colleagues.

　　答案：that　根據(jù)“先贏得了學(xué)生的信任，然后贏得了同事的信任”可知，此處用于替代不可數(shù)名詞trust，應(yīng)用that；如果替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)用those或the ones。

　　13．(2024·天津，12改編)At our factory there are a few machines similar to______described in this magazine.

　　答案：those　考查用于比較對象替代的代詞。比較對象的替代通常可以用that替代不可數(shù)名詞，those替代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故此處用those替代比較對象machines。

　　14．(2024·安徽黃山一模改編)Cultural shock is a feeling which most travelers experience in a foreign country where they find the culture is quite different from that of ________ own.

　　答案：their　句意為：文化沖擊是一種大多數(shù)旅游者在外國會經(jīng)歷的感受，他們會發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)?shù)匚幕c自己的文化大不相同。根據(jù)句意可知此處指旅行者自己的文化。of one's own為固定搭配，故填their。

　　15．(2024·威海市二模)I had to raise my voice to make ______ heard in the noisy crowd.

　　答案：myself　句意為：在嘈雜的人群里，我不得不提高聲音使自己被聽見。make myself heard意為“使我自己被聽到”。

　　.語法填空

　　在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

　　An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market. The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind __1__. A man saw them and asked the son why __2__ wasn't riding the donkey. Then the father let __3__ ride it. __4__ man saw them and told __5__ that they should __6__ ride the donkey. So __7__ both got on it. A woman who saw them said, “Tell __8__， why are you both riding that poor animal? __9__ looks so weak and tired. __10__ are so cruel ！” Then, the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying it across a bridge. When they were halfway across the bridge, the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river.

　　1．______　2.______　3.______　4.______　5.______

　　6．______　7.______　8.______　9.______　10.______

　　答案：1.it　2.he　3.him　4.Another　5.them　6.both　

　　7．they　8.me　9.It　10.You

　　.單句改錯

　　1．(2024·新課標(biāo))We must find ways to protect your environment.

　　答案：your改為our或the　考查代詞。前后代詞要一致，前面的主語是we，所以此處應(yīng)為our或the。

　　2．(2024·新課標(biāo))Five minutes later, Tony saw parents.

　　答案：saw后加his　此處parents為特指，故在前加his。

　　3．(2024·浙江)Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around them.

　　答案：them改為it　句意為：離學(xué)校很近的地方有一座美麗的公園，公園周圍有許多樹。所以應(yīng)用it指代前面的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞park。

　　4．(2024·陜西)My soccer coach retired last week. I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party.

　　答案：anything改為something　句意為：我想在他的退休晚會上為他做點特別的事情。此處表示某件事而不是任何事。

　　5．(2024·浙江)Then everyone in the carriage began searching for the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner.

　　答案：his改為its或the　承接上文，此處指票的主人。

　　6．(2024·遼師大附中期中考試)If I chose to take the next bus, I would have to wait for other 30 minutes.

　　答案：other改為another　“數(shù)詞＋時間段”應(yīng)位于another的后面，如果數(shù)詞位于前面，不定代詞應(yīng)用other/more。

　　7．(2024·寧夏銀川一中月考)I knew that they would be worried about myself because I was so far away.

　　答案：myself改為me　be worried about的主語是they，賓語是第一人稱代詞，二者沒有互指關(guān)系，所以作賓語的代詞用賓格me。

　　8．(2024·西藏拉薩中學(xué)月考)In fact, the weather here is quite different from it in your city.

　　答案：it改為that　介詞from的賓語應(yīng)該是同名異物不可數(shù)名詞the weather，而且由后面作定語的in your city可知是特指，故應(yīng)用that替代。

　　9．(2024·吉林實驗中學(xué)三檢)They think it of special help in expressing them.

　　答案：them改為themselves　express的賓語them與其邏輯主語they指的是同一批人，所以作賓語的應(yīng)為反身代詞。

　　10．(2024·浙江杭州一模)That took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water.

　　答案：That改為It　句子的真正主語是動詞不定式短語to reduce the...，所以句首應(yīng)是形式主語，故用it。