3．用于序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一，再一”。 He missed the gold in the high jump，but will get a second chance in the long jump.他在跳高比賽中錯(cuò)失了金牌，但是在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中他還有機(jī)會(huì)。 二、定冠詞的基本用法 1．特指前面已提及的人或物，或雙方都知道的人或物。 Take your time—it’s just a short distance from here to the restaurant. 不著急——從這里到那家餐館只有很短的一段距離。 2.用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或形容詞及分詞前,表“一類人或物”。 The explosion saw people rush to help the injured. 爆炸發(fā)生后，人們趕到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)幫助受傷的人。 3．用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)以及形容詞only，very，same等之前。 Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中國楊利偉是第一個(gè)登上太空的人。 4．用于被限制性修飾語加以限定的人或物前。 (2024·高考重慶卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)I just heard the bank where Dora works was robbed by a gunman wearing a mask.我剛聽說多拉工作的銀行被一個(gè)戴面具的持槍人搶劫了。 三、零冠詞的基本用法 1．用于表示泛指的不可數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞前。 Keeping a diary is a good habit，by which you’ll make great progress. 記日記是一個(gè)可以讓你取得進(jìn)步的好習(xí)慣。 2．用于與by連用的表示交通工具、通訊工具的名詞前。 Are you going there by plane or by ship? 你是乘飛機(jī)還是乘船去那里？ 3．用于系動(dòng)詞turn后的單數(shù)名詞作表語時(shí)。 After years of hard work，Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.多年的努力之后，湯姆成了工程師而瑪麗成了一個(gè)好經(jīng)理。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．(2024·河南普通畢業(yè)班適應(yīng)性練習(xí))English is now_______ international language.It is used in many aspects. 2．(2024·北京石景山一模)The villagers have been searching for____________buried people without stop since the accident happened. 3．The experiment turned out to be ____________ complete failure, which wasn’t what they wanted. an the a Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．(2024·太原二模)Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school. ________________ 2．(2024·河南六市第一次聯(lián)考)Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for more than three hours. ________________ 3．(2024·濟(jì)寧模擬)Hiking is great fun.You will get close to the nature and take exercise at the same time. ________________ 第二個(gè)a→an a→the 去掉第一個(gè)the 考點(diǎn)四　冠詞用于固定搭配中

　　1．(2024·山東煙臺(tái)模擬)If you don’t have_______good

　　knowledge of English，it’s out of question for you to use

　　it flexibly and fluently. 2．(2024·河北保定聯(lián)考)It is______waste of time，at times

　　the food is not fresh and does not taste delicious. a a 3．(2024·日照模擬)—Would you mind giving me advice on

　　how to improve my record? —If you make__________most of your potential，there will be a rise in your achievement. 4．(2024·南昌一模)In____________eyes of children，playing on the Internet can only bring them great fun. the the 一、常用固定結(jié)構(gòu) 1．用于“by＋the＋表示計(jì)量單位的名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，表示 “按……計(jì)算”。 —It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60，000 a year. ——據(jù)說，約翰將獲得一個(gè)年薪超過6萬美元的工作。 —Right，he will also get paid by the week. ——是的，他的工資將按周支付。 2．用于“the＋比較級(jí)．..the＋比較級(jí)．..”(越……越……)結(jié)構(gòu)中。 The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.你越小心，就會(huì)越少犯錯(cuò)誤。 二、冠詞用在固定短語中 1．不定冠詞用于固定搭配中 at a loss不知所措，困惑 all of a sudden

　　突然 in a hurry

　　匆忙的 as a rule

　　通常 be on a visit

　　參觀；拜訪 as a matter of fact

　　事實(shí)上 as a result

　　因此 be on a diet

　　節(jié)食 have a gift for

　　在某方面有天賦 have/catch a cold

　　感冒 make a living

　　謀生 have/take a rest

　　休息 in a way

　　從某種意義上說 give sb.a lift

　　讓某人搭便車 2．定冠詞用于固定短語中 at the moment

　　此刻；目前 at the same time

　　同時(shí) not in the least

　　一點(diǎn)也不 on the contrary

　　相反 on the whole

　　總的來說 to tell the truth

　　說實(shí)話 in the distance

　　在遠(yuǎn)處 on the other hand

　　另一方面 to the point

　　中肯；切題 make the most/best of

　　充分利用 by the way

　　順便說一下 go to the cinema/theater

　　去看電影/戲劇 in the middle of

　　在……中間 3．零冠詞用于固定短語中 on purpose

　　故意地 by chance

　　碰巧 catch/on fire

　　著火 at dawn/dusk

　　在黎明/黃昏 make room for

　　讓位 out of date

　　過時(shí)的 by sea

　　乘船 單句語法填空 1．(2024·臨沂模擬)With the development of society，our country is badly in need of those with____________better command of computer skills. 2．(2024·河南羅山高中二模)I said，“You tell your sweet nephew that there are still nice people left who wanted to give them____________hand in this world.” a a 3．(2024·山東濟(jì)南二模)And the headmaster had_______ hard time with all the homework! 4．(2024·石家莊二中一模)The tour will provide_____unique opportunity to stay with a British family for a week in _______hope that you will better understand the life there. a a the (1)判斷設(shè)空后的名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。 (2)根據(jù)語境或語法結(jié)構(gòu)確定是泛指還是特指。復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞表泛指不加任何冠詞，單數(shù)可數(shù) 名詞表泛指時(shí)其前需要加不定冠詞；表特指須用定冠詞the。

　　(2024·高考陜西卷，語法和詞匯知識(shí)，改編) ________village where I was born has grown into________ town. 【解析】句意為：我出生的那個(gè)小村莊已經(jīng)發(fā)展成了一個(gè)小 鎮(zhèn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，village后有定語從句where I was

　　born修飾，故第一空為特指，用定冠詞the；由句意可知,小 村莊已經(jīng)發(fā)展成了一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)，故第二空為泛指，用不定冠詞 a，表示“一個(gè)”。 The a 考點(diǎn)五　代　詞

　　1．(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空,節(jié)選)A few hours before, I’d been at home in Hong Kong，with____________(it) choking smog. 2．(2024·河南頂級(jí)名校5月模擬)Soldiers helped to take people out of the flooded area and the welfare department brought__________(they) food，clothes and shelter. its them 3．(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空，節(jié)選)Then the driver

　　stood up and asked，“Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last

　　stop？”A woman on the bus shouted，“Oh，dear！It’s______________(I)”． 4．(2024·江西上饒三模)Third，ants think about summer all

　　winter.During the winter，they remind____________(they), “This won’t last long and we’ll soon be out of here.”O(jiān)n

　　the first warm day，the ants are out. 5．(2024·河南三門峽考前適應(yīng)性練習(xí))Jane was walking

　　round the department store.She remembered how

　　difficult_______was to choose a suitable Christmas present

　　for her father. me/mine themselves it 一、人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞及疑問代詞的用法 人稱 分類 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 一 二 三 一 二 三 人稱代詞主格 (主語) 人稱代詞賓格 (賓語) 形容詞性物主代詞 (定語) I you he， she，it we you they me you him，her，it us you them my your his，her，its our your their 人稱 分類 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù) 一 二 三 一 二 三 名詞性物主代詞(主語或賓語,表語) 反身代詞(賓語或同位語) 疑問 代詞 mine yours his， hers， its ours yours theirs myself yourself himself， herself， itself ourselves yourselves themselves who，whom，whose，which，what My thanks should go to those inspiring me to go ahead and giving me support as well. 我感謝那些鼓勵(lì)我前進(jìn)并給予我支持的人。 What I want to say is this：you should grasp every minute to finish your work.我想說的是，你應(yīng)該抓住每一分鐘的時(shí)間完成你的工作。 Such is the power of the TV that it can make a person suddenly famous. 這就是電視的力量，它可以使人一夜成名。 二、不定代詞的用法 不定 代詞 用法 例句 each/ both/ all either /neit- her 不定 代詞 用法 例句 none/ noth- ing anot- her 不定代詞 用法 例句 other/ others the

　　other/ the

　　others

　　other泛指“其余的，另外的”,只作定語。other＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＝others。 In some countries， people eat with chopsticks, while in others/other countries，knives and

　　forks. the other特指“(兩者之中的)另一個(gè)”。the other＋可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)＝the others。 (2024·高考陜西卷，語法和詞匯知識(shí)，改編)To warm himself，the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other. 三、指示代詞this，that，these，those，such，so的用法 指示代詞 用法 this/these that/those such so 指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或事物；this可指下文將要談到的人或物。 指在時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或事物；that可指上文提到過的人或物。 指代前面所敘述的人或事物。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于后面的名詞或代詞的數(shù)。 代替一個(gè)句子或短語所表達(dá)的事情，意思是“如此,這樣”。在believe，think，expect，suppose，imagine，guess等詞后用so代替前文提出的觀點(diǎn)。 (2024·高考天津卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)The quality of education in this small school is better than that in some larger schools.這所小學(xué)校的教育質(zhì)量比一些更大的學(xué)校的(教育質(zhì)量)好。 (2024·山東濰坊模擬)People living in colder regions are generally larger than those living in hotter ones. 生活在寒冷地區(qū)的人通常比生活在炎熱地區(qū)的人身材高大些。 四、it的用法 1．用作人稱代詞，用來指代事物或上文提到過的內(nèi)容。 The Smiths bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.史密斯一家買了一套房子，但 是在入住之前有大量的工作要做。 2．it用作形式主語或形式賓語，而把真正的主語或賓語放 在后面，真正的主語或賓語往往由從句、動(dòng)名詞、不定式 充當(dāng)。 No matter where he is，he makes it a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. 不管在哪里，他養(yǎng)成了早餐前散步的習(xí)慣。 3．常用于固定搭配中。 make it成功；hate/like/enjoy it that...討厭/喜歡……；I can’t help it我沒有辦法；if I can help it如果我有辦法；when it comes to...當(dāng)涉及……時(shí)；rely on/depend on/count on it that...相信……；as sb.puts it...正如某人所說……；I would appreciate it if...如果……，我將不勝感激。 I would appreciate it if you take my suggestion into consideration.如果你考慮我的建議我將不勝感激。 1．(2024·南昌模擬)There are also two different trips，both

　　quite reasonably priced.____________is a climbing trip to the

　　top of Mount Puimonen.The other is a 5km cross country skiing trip. 2．(2024·河南三門峽考前適應(yīng)性練習(xí))She did not hesitate for

　　long：although her father smoked a pipe only once in a

　　while，she knew that this was a present which was bound to

　　please____________． One him 3．(2024·青島高三統(tǒng)一質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Both teams were in hard training；____________was willing to lose the game. 4．(2024·河北五個(gè)一名校聯(lián)盟監(jiān)測(cè)二)I don’t think ____________is necessary for you to buy the fastest

　　one.It would be a waste of money. neither it 技法1　通過句子成分確定填什么代詞 分析句子成分，如果句中缺主語，則可能填人稱代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it；如果缺賓語，則可能填人稱代詞賓格；如果賓語與主語是指同一人，則應(yīng)用反身代詞。

　　(2024·日照模擬)On my desk is a photo that my

　　father took of____________(I) when I was a baby. 【解析】設(shè)空處作介詞of的賓語，應(yīng)用人稱代詞賓格；再結(jié) 合句意“我的桌子上有張我小時(shí)候父親為我拍的照片”可知 填me。 me 技法2　通過句式結(jié)構(gòu)判斷是否填it 根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷句子是否為it的特殊句式，it作形式主 語、形式賓語或在強(qiáng)調(diào)句式中。

　　(2024·山西四校聯(lián)考)I’d appreciate____________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will

　　come. 【解析】句意：如果你能提前告知我你是否會(huì)來的話，我將 感激不盡。I’d appreciate it if...為固定句型，意為“如 果……，我將感激不盡”。it在該句型中作形式賓語，指代 下文if從句的內(nèi)容。 it 欄目導(dǎo)引 專題1

　　名詞、冠詞和代詞 專題強(qiáng) 化訓(xùn)練 2024高考導(dǎo)航——適用于全國卷Ⅰ 專題1

　　名詞、冠詞和代詞 考查點(diǎn) 2024 2024 2024 命題趨勢(shì) 名詞 1.全國卷Ⅰ65題[名詞單復(fù)數(shù)]

　　2.全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò)第七處[名詞單復(fù)數(shù)] 1.全國卷Ⅰ69題[名詞單復(fù)數(shù)]

　　2.全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò)第三處[名詞單復(fù)數(shù)] 全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò)第四處[名詞單復(fù)數(shù)] 名詞主要考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化以及名詞的詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。 專題1

　　名詞、冠詞和代詞 考查點(diǎn) 2024 2024 2024 命題趨勢(shì) 冠詞的基本用法 全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò)第二處[the] 全國卷Ⅰ63題[the用于最高級(jí)前] 未考 1.語法填空和短文改錯(cuò)主要考查冠詞的特指、泛指以及冠詞在習(xí)慣用語或固定搭配中的用法。 2．短文改錯(cuò)中常考查冠詞的錯(cuò)用和漏用。 冠詞的習(xí)慣用語或固定搭配 未考 全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò)第五處[as a result] 全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò)第八處[in fact] 專題1

　　名詞、冠詞和代詞 考查點(diǎn) 2024 2024 2024 命題趨勢(shì) 人稱代 詞、物 主代詞 及反身 代詞的 用法 1.全國卷Ⅰ63題[形容詞性物主代詞its] 2．全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò)第十處[形容詞性物主代詞our] 未考 未考 2024年之后高考對(duì)代詞的考查有所變化，主要考查it和人稱代詞的用法。這一專題在語篇型語法填空題中重點(diǎn)考查在語境中運(yùn)用正確的代詞；在短文改錯(cuò)中主要考查正確區(qū)分人稱代詞的主格和賓格以及指代一致。 it的用法 未考 未考 未考 不定代 詞的用法 未考 全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò)第八處[不定代詞many] 未考 考點(diǎn)一　名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)

　　1．(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空，節(jié)選)While there are

　　amazing stories of instant transformation，for most of us

　　the____________(change) are gradual and require a lot of

　　effort and work，like cleaning up a polluted river. changes 2．(2024·南昌十所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)二模)In keeping a diary in

　　English，we certainly run up against many____________ (difficult)． 3．(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ，短文改錯(cuò)，節(jié)選)Since then－for all

　　these year－we have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed

　　where they please._______________ difficulties year→years 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù) 1．可數(shù)名詞的數(shù) (1)可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式通常是在單數(shù)形式詞尾后加-s或-es，規(guī) 則的復(fù)數(shù)構(gòu)成形式如下： 變化規(guī)則 例詞 一般情況下

　　以-s、-x、-ch、-sh結(jié)尾的名詞

　　在詞尾直接加-s table→tables park→parks 在詞尾加-es bus→buses box→boxes wish→wishes watch→watches 變化規(guī)則 例詞 以輔音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞 以元音字母加-y結(jié)尾的名詞 將-y變?yōu)?i再加-es family→families butterfly→butterflies dictionary→dictionaries 在詞尾直接加-s day→days holiday→holidays monkey→monkeys 變化規(guī)則 例詞 以-o結(jié)尾的名詞 以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞 一般在詞尾加-s photo→photos radio→radios zoo→zoos 有些在詞尾加-es potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes hero→heroes 一般變-f或-fe為 -v，再加-es knife→knives　wife→wives　life→lives

　　leaf→leaves 少數(shù)直接加-s roof→roofs belief→beliefs (2)有些名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式不是以加-s或-es構(gòu)成，它們的不規(guī)則構(gòu) 成形式如下： 變化規(guī)則 例詞 變內(nèi)部元音 詞尾加-en或-ren 單復(fù)數(shù)同形 man→men　woman→women　foot→　feet mouse→mice　goose→geese　tooth→teeth ox→oxen　child→children fish，sheep，deer，means(方式；方法)， series，Chinese，Swiss 2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù) 一般地說，物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)的，因此沒有復(fù)數(shù) 形式,一般也不能用a或an修飾。通常只用作不可數(shù)名詞的名 詞有：milk，homework，housework，weather，news， information，bread，advice，progress，equipment，meat, fun，luggage，furniture，wealth，word(消息)，room (空間)，man(人類)等。 特別注意 1．word意為“消息”，room意為“空間”，man意為“人 類”時(shí)，通常不帶任何修飾詞。 Word came that the meeting will be held on Friday. 有消息稱會(huì)議將于周五召開。 2．名詞前有man或woman修飾，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，作定語的 man/woman和中心詞都要變成復(fù)數(shù)形式。 man doctor→men doctors男醫(yī)生 woman waiter→women waiters女服務(wù)生 名師指津 1．不定冠詞a、an后用名詞單數(shù)形式。 2．有some、many、all、both等詞修飾時(shí)名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 3．名詞前有one of時(shí)，名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 4．謂語動(dòng)詞是復(fù)數(shù)，名詞作主語時(shí)確定名詞為復(fù)數(shù)。 Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．(2024·太原模擬)The little boy ate so many___________ (potato) and so much meat that he threw up at dawn. 2．(2024·山東臨沂二模)The ALS makes people’s muscles

　　become hard.It is hard for the patients to move.Stephen

　　Hocking is one of the____________(suffer)． 3．(2024·江西重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校第一次聯(lián)考)So I hope there will be more and more charity shops in ther__________(place)． potatoes suffers places Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò) 1．(2024·石家莊二模)Plant had to be on land before animals

　　arrived.__________________ 2．(2024·江西贛州高三摸底考試)When my uncle arrived with

　　a smile，I threw my arm around him to give him a warm hug. __________________ 3．(2024·濟(jì)寧模擬)—I feel terrible，I didn’t do well in the

　　math test. —Don’t take it too hard.you’re already making progresses

　　and will surely learn it well.______________________ Plant→Plants arm→arms progresses→progress 考點(diǎn)二　詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換

　　1. (2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空，節(jié)選)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their____________(able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment. ability 2．(2024·河南洛陽高三第二次統(tǒng)一考試)How do learning

　　habits influence learning results？It’s useful and necessary

　　to discuss learning habits.There is a famous___________ (say) “Good habits lead to good endings”，which shows the

　　importance of habits. 3．(2024·山東日照二模)Be sure to be with a strong ____________(aware) that you are what you eat! saying awareness 一、形容詞變名詞的后綴 后綴 例詞 -age -cy -dom short→shortage不足；短缺 efficient→efficiency效率；功效 fluent→fluency