2．過去分詞(done)作定語 過去分詞作定語，被修飾的名詞與分詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān) 系，表示被動(dòng)或完成。 Tsinghua University，founded in 1911，is home to a great

　　number of outstanding figures. 清華大學(xué)建立于1911年，是許多杰出人物的搖籃。 二、不定式作定語 不定式作定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后，往往表示未發(fā)生的 動(dòng)作。 1．不定式一般式的主動(dòng)形式(to do)作定語，表示將要發(fā)生的 主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。不定式一般式的被動(dòng)形式(to be done)作定語，表 示將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我們被邀請(qǐng)參加下星期五在我們俱樂部舉辦的晚會(huì)。 2．不定式用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no，all，any等限 定的中心詞，且與中心詞為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。 單句語法填空 1．(2024·濰坊高考模擬)Forest fires are often caused by ____________(break)glass or by cigarette ends which people

　　carelessly throw away. 2．(2024·高考山東卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)There’s a note

　　pinned to the door ____________(say) when the shop will

　　open again. 3．(2024·高考北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)There are still many

　　problems____________(solve) before we are ready for a long

　　stay on the Moon. broken saying to be solved 1．(2024·高考福建卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)___________(learn)

　　more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take

　　Chinese folk music as an elective course.

　　2．(2024·高考四川卷,單項(xiàng)填空,改編)Little Tom sat________ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him. 考點(diǎn)四　非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語 To learn amazed 3．(2024·高考重慶卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)____________(raise)

　　in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long，hard road to

　　becoming a football star. 4．(2024·高考天津卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Anxiously，she took

　　the dress out of the package and tried it on，only_________ (find) it didn’t fit. Raised to find 一、不定式作狀語 1．表示目的 (2024·高考北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編) To catch the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.為了趕上早班航班，我們提前預(yù)訂了出租車，并且起得很早。 2．表示結(jié)果 不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，動(dòng)詞不定式前面常加only。 George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him. 喬治戰(zhàn)后歸來，卻被告知他的妻子已經(jīng)離他而去。 3．表示原因 He was astonished to hear the terrible news. 聽到那條可怕的消息他感到震驚。 二、分詞作狀語

　　形式 意義 doing having done done being done having been done 與句中主語為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行。 與句中主語為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，先于謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，表示主動(dòng)、完成。 與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表完成；用作形容詞的過去分詞表狀態(tài)。 與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行，意為“正在被……”。 與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，先于句中謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，表示被動(dòng)、完成。 Offered an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.由于在這部新電影中擔(dān)任重要角 色，安迪有了出名的機(jī)會(huì)。(表原因) More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中國又建了很多高速公路，這使人們的出行變得更容易了。(表結(jié)果) (2024·高考天津卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 已經(jīng)忙活了兩天，史蒂夫設(shè)法按時(shí)完成了他的報(bào)告。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.我那天晚上因?yàn)楸灰蠹影喽e(cuò)過了一場(chǎng)精彩的電影。(被動(dòng)意義，非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前) 易錯(cuò)警示 某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，且常用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu) 中，此時(shí)這些過去分詞只表示一種狀態(tài)，作狀語時(shí)不表示被 動(dòng)關(guān)系，其前不用being。如：located(坐落，位于)，lost(迷 路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)， dressed in(穿著)，tired of(感到厭倦)等，無論它們?cè)诰渲凶?何種成分都不用其－ing形式。 Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the

　　room. 他專心于讀書，沒注意到我進(jìn)入房間。 單句語法填空 1．(2024·高考天津卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)__________(absorb) in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.

　　2．(2024·河南頂級(jí)學(xué)校5月模擬)Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories，____________ (destroy) fourteen homes. Absorbed destroying 3．(2024·山東臨沂二模)The starter holds the activity， ____________(hope)people can experience the ALS patients’ pain.In the activity，people need to pour the ice water down

　　from their heads，and then propose another three people. 4．(2024·江西南昌調(diào)研)George Crum was the cook

　　there.Many rich people often came to the restaurant ____________(enjoy) his cooking. hoping to enjoy 技法1　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，辨別“謂語與非謂語” 如果題干中出現(xiàn)了連詞，應(yīng)先考慮使用謂語動(dòng)詞形式；如 果題干中未出現(xiàn)連詞，且已有謂語動(dòng)詞則考慮用非謂語動(dòng) 詞形式。

　　(2024·高考北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)____________ (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 【解析】　分析題干可知，從屬連詞if引導(dǎo)賓語從句，if在此意為“是否”；when引導(dǎo)的是省略了主語you及be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間狀語從句。由此可知，主句為祈使句，主語you省略，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。故填Observe。 Observe 技法2　尋找邏輯主語，確定邏輯主語與所給動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系 分析非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系(也就是看其邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者還是接受者)。如果邏輯主語與非謂語動(dòng)詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則用過去分詞形式。但是當(dāng)含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，如果非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng) 式；如果非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的被動(dòng)式。

　　(2024·高考重慶卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Like ancient

　　sailors，birds can find their way ____________(use) the sun

　　and the stars. 【解析】　分析題干可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語，相當(dāng)于by using the sun and the stars的省略。 using 技法3　分析所給動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系 根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系確定用一般式還是完成式。如to have done，having done 表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前；to be doing，doing表示該動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

　　(2024·高考江西卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)He is thought _______________(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 【解析】　句意：大家都認(rèn)為他表現(xiàn)得很愚蠢。現(xiàn)在要為他失業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)的不是別人，正是他自己。sb. be thought 后需用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，act的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在is thought 的動(dòng)作之前,故用不定式的完成式，答案為to have acted。 to have acted 欄目導(dǎo)引 專題4　非謂語動(dòng)詞 專題強(qiáng) 化訓(xùn)練 2024高考導(dǎo)航——適用于全國卷Ⅰ 考查點(diǎn) 2024 2024 2024 命題趨勢(shì) 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語、主語、補(bǔ)語和表語 未考 全國卷Ⅰ65題[不定式作主語] 全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò)第一處 [不定式作賓語] 非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查仍是今后語篇型語法填空的必考點(diǎn)以及短文改錯(cuò)的考查重點(diǎn)： 1．從形式上看，不定式是考查的重點(diǎn)，分詞、動(dòng)名詞是常考點(diǎn)。 2．從功能上看，非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語是考查的重點(diǎn)，作狀語、賓補(bǔ)、表語、主語、定語是常考點(diǎn)。 專題4　非謂語動(dòng)詞 考查點(diǎn) 2024 2024 2024 命題趨勢(shì) 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語 未考 未考 未考 非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查仍是今后語篇型語法填空的必考點(diǎn)以及短文改錯(cuò)的考查重點(diǎn)： 1．從形式上看，不定式是考查的重點(diǎn)，分詞、動(dòng)名詞是常考點(diǎn)。 2．從功能上看,非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語是考查的重點(diǎn),作狀語、賓補(bǔ)、表語、主語、定語是常考點(diǎn)。 非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語 1.全國卷 Ⅰ 68題[過去分詞作定語]

　　2.全國卷 Ⅰ 70題[現(xiàn)在分詞作定語] 未考 未考 專題4　非謂語動(dòng)詞 1．(2024·高考安徽卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)__________(ignore)

　　the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 2．(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空，節(jié)選)But the river

　　wasn’t changed in a few days or even a few months.It took

　　years of work____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 考點(diǎn)一　非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、表語 Ignoring to reduce 3．(2024·高考廣東卷，語法填空，節(jié)選)We got a little

　　____________(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing

　　that we didn’t mind. 4．(2024·山東省青島市高三自主診斷)It’s never foolish _______________(acknowledge) you are in the wrong.Being

　　human，we all need the art of apology. sunburnt to acknowledge 1．不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語 (1)動(dòng)名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，而不定式作主語則表示具體的、某一次的行為。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.　 直面你的問題而不是逃避它們，是解決這些問題最好的方 法。(習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作) To complete the program needs much effort. 完成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃需要很大的努力。(具體的動(dòng)作) As is known to us，it’s no use complaining without taking

　　action. 眾所周知，只抱怨不采取行動(dòng)沒用。 It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly.定期 更新數(shù)據(jù)是很重要的。 2．非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語 (1)不定式、動(dòng)名詞都可以作表語，但動(dòng)名詞作表語多指抽象 的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；而不定式則多表示具體的動(dòng)作，尤其是某一次的動(dòng)作。 What he did in the meeting was chatting with Mary. 他在會(huì)議上所做的事情是與瑪麗談話。 My job is to clean the house three times a week. 我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。 (2)get，become，look，seem，appear等系動(dòng)詞后可跟過去分詞作表語，表示被動(dòng)或主語的狀態(tài)。 This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures.溫斯頓·丘吉爾的這句名言告訴我們，失敗后我們絕不能氣餒。 單句語法填空 1．(2024·太原五中第二學(xué)期階段檢測(cè))Scientists have

　　discovered that ____________(stay) in the cold could help us

　　lose weight. 2．(2024·高考安徽卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)While waiting for the opportunity to get____________(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 3．As is known to all，it is no good____________(learn)

　　without practice. staying promoted learning 1．(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空，節(jié)選)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without__________ (use) electric equipment. 2．(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空，節(jié)選)I heard a

　　passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused _____________(stop) until we reached the next stop. 考點(diǎn)二　非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語、補(bǔ)語 using to stop 3．(2024·高考陜西卷，語法和詞匯知識(shí)，改編)Back from his

　　two－year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy

　　to see his mother ____________(take) good care of at home. 4．(2024·高考浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _________________ (perform)live is quite another. taken being performed 一、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語 1．有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后通常接不定式作賓語,巧記如下:

　　想要干：want，wish，hope，expect，seek，attempt，aim，claim，would like/love，desire 早打算：plan，prepare，arrange 同意否：agree，promise，undertake，offer，refuse 問問看：ask，beg 決定了：decide，determine，make up one’s mind，be determined 盡力干：manage(反義詞fail)，struggle，strive 努力做：make an effort 別裝蒜：pretend 此外，learn，choose，afford，happen，wait等也常用不定 式作賓語。 All the factors considered，we decided to offer the job to Li Wei，a man of rich experience. 所有的因素都考慮進(jìn)去，我們決定把這個(gè)工作給李偉，一個(gè)很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人。 2．表示下列含義的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，巧記如下： 考慮建議盼原諒：consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon 承認(rèn)推遲沒得想：admit，delay/put off，fancy 避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練：avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice 否認(rèn)完成停止賞：deny，finish，stop，enjoy/appreciate 不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡：can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape 不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象：forbid，risk，imagine 此外，feel like，devote to，be/get used to，object to，set about，insist on，pay attention to，stick on，be busy(in)，have difficult/trouble(in)等動(dòng)詞短語后也接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我回避提及這個(gè)問題，以免冒犯他。 易錯(cuò)警示 動(dòng)詞advise/allow/permit/forbid后可直接跟doing作賓語；當(dāng)其后有名詞或代詞作賓語時(shí)，需跟to do 作補(bǔ)語。 We don’t allow people to smoke here.(賓補(bǔ)) →People are not allowed to smoke here.(主補(bǔ)) 這里禁止吸煙。 二、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 1．分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主 語，該動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞作 賓語補(bǔ)足語強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行中的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作過程的一部 分。可以接這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。 I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬頭注意到一條蛇正蜿蜒著爬上樹去捕捉它的早餐。 Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help? 聽！你聽到有人正在呼喊救命了嗎？ (2)過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯賓 語，表示被動(dòng)和完成，該動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng) 賓關(guān)系。 Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. 詹尼希望史密斯先生會(huì)建議一個(gè)好的方法以使她的英語寫作 在短期內(nèi)得到提升。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to

　　spend the holiday at home. 當(dāng)我們看到道路被雪封住后，我們決定在家過假期。 2．with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ) (1)with＋賓語＋doing(表示主動(dòng)且進(jìn)行) (2)with＋賓語＋done(表示被動(dòng)且完成) (3)with＋賓語＋to do(表示將來) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。 John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work

　　finished，he gladly accepted it. 約翰收到一份宴請(qǐng)函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受 了邀請(qǐng)。 With these clothes to wash，I can’t go out. 有這么多衣服要洗，我不能出去。 單句語法填空 1．(2024·濟(jì)南高考模擬)One day when Laennec was walking

　　in the park，he saw some girls ____________(play)with a see －saw(蹺蹺板)． 2．(2024·河北保定二模)From then on，his fear of talking

　　before a big audience disappeared.Actually Jack had his

　　confidence ____________(build) up.Now he turns out to be a

　　good speaker. playing built 3．(2024·河南項(xiàng)城模擬)You can imagine how terribly shy I

　　was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes________ (fix) upon me. 4．(2024·山東泰安檢測(cè))With some books__________(buy)，he went into the bookstore on the way home. fixed to buy 1. (2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空，節(jié)選)Abercrombie &

　　Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly

　　arranges quick getaways here for people____________(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

　　2．(2024·南昌十所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)交流試卷)One day，he lost a

　　small bag ____________(contain)50 gold coins. 3．(2024·山東濟(jì)南二模)A US TV show____________(call) A

　　Walk in Your Shoes gives people the chance to try. 考點(diǎn)三　非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語 living containing called 一、分詞作定語 1．現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)作定語 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，分詞與所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行。單個(gè)分詞作定語要前置，分詞短語作定語要后置。 There is a door leading to the garden.有一座門通往花園。 特別注意 被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式(being done)作定語，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng) 和進(jìn)行。 The meeting being held now is important. 現(xiàn)在正在開的這個(gè)會(huì)很重要。 欄目導(dǎo)引 專題4　非謂語動(dòng)詞 專題強(qiáng) 化訓(xùn)練

　　2．過去分詞(done)作定語 過去分詞作定語，被修飾的名詞與分詞在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān) 系，表示被動(dòng)或完成。 Tsinghua University，founded in 1911，is home to a great

　　number of outstanding figures. 清華大學(xué)建立于1911年，是許多杰出人物的搖籃。 二、不定式作定語 不定式作定語通常要放在被修飾的詞后，往往表示未發(fā)生的 動(dòng)作。 1．不定式一般式的主動(dòng)形式(to do)作定語，表示將要發(fā)生的 主動(dòng)動(dòng)作。不定式一般式的被動(dòng)形式(to be done)作定語，表 示將要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。 We are invited to a party to be held in our club next Friday. 我們被邀請(qǐng)參加下星期五在我們俱樂部舉辦的晚會(huì)。 2．不定式用來修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no，all，any等限 定的中心詞，且與中心詞為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school. 他總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。 單句語法填空 1．(2024·濰坊高考模擬)Forest fires are often caused by ____________(break)glass or by cigarette ends which people

　　carelessly throw away. 2．(2024·高考山東卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)There’s a note

　　pinned to the door ____________(say) when the shop will

　　open again. 3．(2024·高考北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)There are still many

　　problems____________(solve) before we are ready for a long

　　stay on the Moon. broken saying to be solved 1．(2024·高考福建卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)___________(learn)

　　more about Chinese culture，Jack has decided to take

　　Chinese folk music as an elective course.

　　2．(2024·高考四川卷,單項(xiàng)填空,改編)Little Tom sat________ (amaze) watching the monkey dancing in front of him. 考點(diǎn)四　非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語 To learn amazed 3．(2024·高考重慶卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)____________(raise)

　　in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long，hard road to

　　becoming a football star. 4．(2024·高考天津卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Anxiously，she took

　　the dress out of the package and tried it on，only_________ (find) it didn’t fit. Raised to find 一、不定式作狀語 1．表示目的 (2024·高考北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編) To catch the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.為了趕上早班航班，我們提前預(yù)訂了出租車，并且起得很早。 2．表示結(jié)果 不定式作結(jié)果狀語常表示出乎意料的結(jié)果，動(dòng)詞不定式前面常加only。 George returned after the war，only to be told that his wife had left him. 喬治戰(zhàn)后歸來，卻被告知他的妻子已經(jīng)離他而去。 3．表示原因 He was astonished to hear the terrible news. 聽到那條可怕的消息他感到震驚。 二、分詞作狀語

　　形式 意義 doing having done done being done having been done 與句中主語為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作(或狀態(tài))同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行。 與句中主語為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，先于謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，表示主動(dòng)、完成。 與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表完成；用作形容詞的過去分詞表狀態(tài)。 與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，表示被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行，意為“正在被……”。 與句中主語為邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，先于句中謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，表示被動(dòng)、完成。 Offered an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.由于在這部新電影中擔(dān)任重要角 色，安迪有了出名的機(jī)會(huì)。(表原因) More highways have been built in China，making it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.中國又建了很多高速公路，這使人們的出行變得更容易了。(表結(jié)果) (2024·高考天津卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. 已經(jīng)忙活了兩天，史蒂夫設(shè)法按時(shí)完成了他的報(bào)告。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.我那天晚上因?yàn)楸灰蠹影喽e(cuò)過了一場(chǎng)精彩的電影。(被動(dòng)意義，非謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前) 易錯(cuò)警示 某些動(dòng)詞的過去分詞已經(jīng)形容詞化，且常用于一些系表結(jié)構(gòu) 中，此時(shí)這些過去分詞只表示一種狀態(tài)，作狀語時(shí)不表示被 動(dòng)關(guān)系，其前不用being。如：located(坐落，位于)，lost(迷 路的)，seated(坐)，hidden(躲)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)， dressed in(穿著)，tired of(感到厭倦)等，無論它們?cè)诰渲凶?何種成分都不用其－ing形式。 Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the

　　room. 他專心于讀書，沒注意到我進(jìn)入房間。 單句語法填空 1．(2024·高考天津卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)__________(absorb) in painting，John didn’t notice evening approaching.

　　2．(2024·河南頂級(jí)學(xué)校5月模擬)Last Friday a storm swept through two villages in the New Territories，____________ (destroy) fourteen homes. Absorbed destroying 3．(2024·山東臨沂二模)The starter holds the activity， ____________(hope)people can experience the ALS patients’ pain.In the activity，people need to pour the ice water down

　　from their heads，and then propose another three people. 4．(2024·江西南昌調(diào)研)George Crum was the cook

　　there.Many rich people often came to the restaurant ____________(enjoy) his cooking. hoping to enjoy 技法1　分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，辨別“謂語與非謂語” 如果題干中出現(xiàn)了連詞，應(yīng)先考慮使用謂語動(dòng)詞形式；如 果題干中未出現(xiàn)連詞，且已有謂語動(dòng)詞則考慮用非謂語動(dòng) 詞形式。

　　(2024·高考北京卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)____________ (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. 【解析】　分析題干可知，從屬連詞if引導(dǎo)賓語從句，if在此意為“是否”；when引導(dǎo)的是省略了主語you及be動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間狀語從句。由此可知，主句為祈使句，主語you省略，故設(shè)空處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。故填Observe。 Observe 技法2　尋找邏輯主語，確定邏輯主語與所給動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系 分析非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(邏輯上的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系還是被動(dòng)關(guān)系(也就是看其邏輯主語是動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者還是接受者)。如果邏輯主語與非謂語動(dòng)詞之間是主謂關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。如果非謂語動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則用過去分詞形式。但是當(dāng)含有被動(dòng)意義時(shí)，如果非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生，則用動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng) 式；如果非謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，則用現(xiàn)在分詞形式的被動(dòng)式。

　　(2024·高考重慶卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Like ancient

　　sailors，birds can find their way ____________(use) the sun

　　and the stars. 【解析】　分析題干可知，此處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞作方式狀語，相當(dāng)于by using the sun and the stars的省略。 using 技法3　分析所給動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系 根據(jù)非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系確定用一般式還是完成式。如to have done，having done 表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前；to be doing，doing表示該動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。

　　(2024·高考江西卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)He is thought _______________(act) foolishly.Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 【解析】　句意：大家都認(rèn)為他表現(xiàn)得很愚蠢。現(xiàn)在要為他失業(yè)負(fù)責(zé)的不是別人，正是他自己。sb. be thought 后需用不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語，act的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在is thought 的動(dòng)作之前,故用不定式的完成式，答案為to have acted。 to have acted 欄目導(dǎo)引 專題4　非謂語動(dòng)詞 專題強(qiáng) 化訓(xùn)練 2024高考導(dǎo)航——適用于全國卷Ⅰ 考查點(diǎn) 2024 2024 2024 命題趨勢(shì) 非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語、主語、補(bǔ)語和表語 未考 全國卷Ⅰ65題[不定式作主語] 全國卷Ⅰ短文改錯(cuò)第一處 [不定式作賓語] 非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查仍是今后語篇型語法填空的必考點(diǎn)以及短文改錯(cuò)的考查重點(diǎn)： 1．從形式上看，不定式是考查的重點(diǎn)，分詞、動(dòng)名詞是常考點(diǎn)。 2．從功能上看，非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語是考查的重點(diǎn)，作狀語、賓補(bǔ)、表語、主語、定語是常考點(diǎn)。 專題4　非謂語動(dòng)詞 考查點(diǎn) 2024 2024 2024 命題趨勢(shì) 非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語 未考 未考 未考 非謂語動(dòng)詞的考查仍是今后語篇型語法填空的必考點(diǎn)以及短文改錯(cuò)的考查重點(diǎn)： 1．從形式上看，不定式是考查的重點(diǎn)，分詞、動(dòng)名詞是常考點(diǎn)。 2．從功能上看,非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語是考查的重點(diǎn),作狀語、賓補(bǔ)、表語、主語、定語是常考點(diǎn)。 非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語 1.全國卷 Ⅰ 68題[過去分詞作定語]

　　2.全國卷 Ⅰ 70題[現(xiàn)在分詞作定語] 未考 未考 專題4　非謂語動(dòng)詞 1．(2024·高考安徽卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)__________(ignore)

　　the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 2．(2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空，節(jié)選)But the river

　　wasn’t changed in a few days or even a few months.It took

　　years of work____________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. 考點(diǎn)一　非謂語動(dòng)詞作主語、表語 Ignoring to reduce 3．(2024·高考廣東卷，語法填空，節(jié)選)We got a little

　　____________(sunburn)，but the day had been so relaxing

　　that we didn’t mind. 4．(2024·山東省青島市高三自主診斷)It’s never foolish _______________(acknowledge) you are in the wrong.Being

　　human，we all need the art of apology. sunburnt to acknowledge 1．不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語 (1)動(dòng)名詞作主語通常表示抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，而不定式作主語則表示具體的、某一次的行為。 Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.　 直面你的問題而不是逃避它們，是解決這些問題最好的方 法。(習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作) To complete the program needs much effort. 完成這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃需要很大的努力。(具體的動(dòng)作) As is known to us，it’s no use complaining without taking

　　action. 眾所周知，只抱怨不采取行動(dòng)沒用。 It’s important for the figures to be updated regularly.定期 更新數(shù)據(jù)是很重要的。 2．非謂語動(dòng)詞作表語 (1)不定式、動(dòng)名詞都可以作表語，但動(dòng)名詞作表語多指抽象 的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作；而不定式則多表示具體的動(dòng)作，尤其是某一次的動(dòng)作。 What he did in the meeting was chatting with Mary. 他在會(huì)議上所做的事情是與瑪麗談話。 My job is to clean the house three times a week. 我的工作是每星期打掃三次房子。 (2)get，become，look，seem，appear等系動(dòng)詞后可跟過去分詞作表語，表示被動(dòng)或主語的狀態(tài)。 This quotation from Winston Churchill tells us that we shouldn’t get discouraged right after failures.溫斯頓·丘吉爾的這句名言告訴我們，失敗后我們絕不能氣餒。 單句語法填空 1．(2024·太原五中第二學(xué)期階段檢測(cè))Scientists have

　　discovered that ____________(stay) in the cold could help us

　　lose weight. 2．(2024·高考安徽卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)While waiting for the opportunity to get____________(promote)，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 3．As is known to all，it is no good____________(learn)

　　without practice. staying promoted learning 1．(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空，節(jié)選)In addition to their simple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to “air condition” a house without__________ (use) electric equipment. 2．(2024·高考全國卷Ⅱ，語法填空，節(jié)選)I heard a

　　passenger behind me shouting to the driver，but he refused _____________(stop) until we reached the next stop. 考點(diǎn)二　非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語、補(bǔ)語 using to stop 3．(2024·高考陜西卷，語法和詞匯知識(shí)，改編)Back from his

　　two－year medical service in Africa，Dr.Lee was very happy

　　to see his mother ____________(take) good care of at home. 4．(2024·高考浙江卷，單項(xiàng)填空，改編)Listening to music at home is one thing，going to hear it _________________ (perform)live is quite another. taken being performed 一、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語 1．有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后通常接不定式作賓語,巧記如下:

　　想要干：want，wish，hope，expect，seek，attempt，aim，claim，would like/love，desire 早打算：plan，prepare，arrange 同意否：agree，promise，undertake，offer，refuse 問問看：ask，beg 決定了：decide，determine，make up one’s mind，be determined 盡力干：manage(反義詞fail)，struggle，strive 努力做：make an effort 別裝蒜：pretend 此外，learn，choose，afford，happen，wait等也常用不定 式作賓語。 All the factors considered，we decided to offer the job to Li Wei，a man of rich experience. 所有的因素都考慮進(jìn)去，我們決定把這個(gè)工作給李偉，一個(gè)很有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的人。 2．表示下列含義的動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語后常接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，巧記如下： 考慮建議盼原諒：consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon 承認(rèn)推遲沒得想：admit，delay/put off，fancy 避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練：avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practice 否認(rèn)完成停止賞：deny，finish，stop，enjoy/appreciate 不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡：can’t help，mind，allow/permit，escape 不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象：forbid，risk，imagine 此外，feel like，devote to，be/get used to，object to，set about，insist on，pay attention to，stick on，be busy(in)，have difficult/trouble(in)等動(dòng)詞短語后也接動(dòng)名詞作賓語。 I avoided mentioning the subject in case he should be offended. 我回避提及這個(gè)問題，以免冒犯他。 易錯(cuò)警示 動(dòng)詞advise/allow/permit/forbid后可直接跟doing作賓語；當(dāng)其后有名詞或代詞作賓語時(shí)，需跟to do 作補(bǔ)語。 We don’t allow people to smoke here.(賓補(bǔ)) →People are not allowed to smoke here.(主補(bǔ)) 這里禁止吸煙。 二、非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 1．分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 (1)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯主 語，該動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。現(xiàn)在分詞作 賓語補(bǔ)足語強(qiáng)調(diào)正在進(jìn)行中的主動(dòng)動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作過程的一部 分。可以接這種復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞有see，watch，hear，observe，feel，find，have，keep等。 I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.我抬頭注意到一條蛇正蜿蜒著爬上樹去捕捉它的早餐。 Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help? 聽！你聽到有人正在呼喊救命了嗎？ (2)過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語 過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，句中的賓語往往就是其邏輯賓 語，表示被動(dòng)和完成，該動(dòng)詞與賓語之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng) 賓關(guān)系。 Jenny hopes that Mr.Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English improved in a short period. 詹尼希望史密斯先生會(huì)建議一個(gè)好的方法以使她的英語寫作 在短期內(nèi)得到提升。 When we saw the road blocked with snow，we decided to

　　spend the holiday at home. 當(dāng)我們看到道路被雪封住后，我們決定在家過假期。 2．with＋賓語＋賓補(bǔ) (1)with＋賓語＋doing(表示主動(dòng)且進(jìn)行) (2)with＋賓語＋done(表示被動(dòng)且完成) (3)with＋賓語＋to do(表示將來) The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them. 這老兩口常常在晚飯后到公園里散步，他們的寵物狗則在后面跟著。 John received an invitation to dinner，and with his work

　　finished，he gladly accepted it. 約翰收到一份宴請(qǐng)函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受 了邀請(qǐng)。 With these clothes to wash，I can’t go out. 有這么多衣服要洗，我不能出去。 單句語法填空 1．(2024·濟(jì)南高考模擬)One day when Laennec was walking

　　in the park，he saw some girls ____________(play)with a see －saw(蹺蹺板)． 2．(2024·河北保定二模)From then on，his fear of talking

　　before a big audience disappeared.Actually Jack had his

　　confidence ____________(build) up.Now he turns out to be a

　　good speaker. playing built 3．(2024·河南項(xiàng)城模擬)You can imagine how terribly shy I

　　was the moment I thought of that with so many eyes________ (fix) upon me. 4．(2024·山東泰安檢測(cè))With some books__________(buy)，he went into the bookstore on the way home. fixed to buy 1. (2024·高考全國卷Ⅰ，語法填空，節(jié)選)Abercrombie &

　　Kent，a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly

　　arranges quick getaways here for people____________(live)in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

　　2．(2024·南昌十所重點(diǎn)中學(xué)交流試卷)One day，he lost a

　　small bag ____________(contain)50 gold coins. 3．(2024·山東濟(jì)南二模)A US TV show____________(call) A

　　Walk in Your Shoes gives people the chance to try. 考點(diǎn)三　非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語 living containing called 一、分詞作定語 1．現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)作定語 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句，分詞與所修飾的名詞之間存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行。單個(gè)分詞作定語要前置，分詞短語作定語要后置。 There is a door leading to the garden.有一座門通往花園。 特別注意 被修飾的名詞與分詞之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，用 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式(being done)作定語，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng) 和進(jìn)行。 The meeting being held now is important. 現(xiàn)在正在開的這個(gè)會(huì)很重要。 欄目導(dǎo)引 專題4　非謂語動(dòng)詞 專題強(qiáng) 化訓(xùn)練