【人教大綱版】2024屆高考英語一輪復習精品學案:SBⅠUnits 13-14
SBⅠUnits 13-14
重點句型
1.Choosing what to eat is no longer as easy as it once was.(SBⅠ U13)
選擇吃什么東西不再像以前那么容易
了。
what to do是“疑問詞+不定式”的結構,在句中作賓語,另外這一結構也可作主語、表語、定語等。例如:
What to do next hasn’t been decided yet.(主語)
下一步該做什么還沒有決定。
The question is how to finish the work in time.(表語)
問題是如何按時完成這項工作。
The key with which to open the door has been lost.
開這扇門的鑰匙不見了。(定語)
①All the students except John ______________________________(知道怎么回答這個問題), because he fell asleep in class.
②They exchange their views ________________________________(關于選誰的問題).
③I've worked with children before, so I know what ______ in my new job.
A. expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
【答案】
①knew how to answer the question
②on the question of whom to elect
③B to expect 充當賓語。
2. Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life. (SBⅠ U13)
只有這樣我們才能作好充分準備,以應對生活中的挑戰與機遇。
(1)“only+狀語”置于句首時要用倒裝句。即:only+副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句+助動詞+主語+謂語動詞
(2)“only+主語”位于句首時,主謂不能倒裝。
Only Mary phoned me today.
只有瑪麗今天給我打了電話。
①______________________(只有改變我們的生活方式我們才能) save the earth.
②______________________(只有當孩子長大時才) understand his parents' intention.
③______ you eat the correct foods ______ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.(2008·江蘇卷)
A. Only if; will you
B. Only if; you will
C. Unless; will you
D. Unless; you will
【答案】
①Only by changing the way we live can we
②Only when a child grows up does he
③A 句意:只有正確飲食,你才能保持身材與健康。only+狀語位于句首時,句子用倒裝,此句為only+if引導的條件狀語從句。
3.We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful. (SBⅠ U14)
我們必須盡力使我們的社區更好更美麗。
as…as we can是一個比較狀語從句,意思為“盡可能,盡力”,情態動詞can后省略了動詞原形do。另外此結構中的不定式短語在句中作目的狀語。
①We must __________________(盡可能多地做) to make the situation better.
②She saved as much as she could ______ her husband a Christmas gift.
A. buy
B. bought
C. to buy
D. buying
【答案】
①do as much as we can
②C 題意:為了給丈夫買圣誕禮物,她盡可能節省錢。不定式作目的狀語。 課文原句高考對照
…, we had better learn to make the right choices about what and how we eat.
……我們最好學會對我們吃什么,怎么吃做出正確的決定。
You have to ______ a choice. Are you
going to leave the job or stay?(2008?四
川卷)
A. decide
B. get
C. do
D. make
解析:選D。句意:你不得不作出選擇
,你是打算要放棄這份工作呢,還是要
留下來。
課文原句高考對照 課文原句高考對照
Only in that way will we be ready for the challenges and opportunities in life.
只有那樣我們才能保證自己對生活中的挑戰和機遇有充分的準備。
Only when I left my parents for
Italy ______ how much I loved them.(2008?重慶卷)
A. I realized
B. I had realized
C. had I realized
D. did I realize
解析:選D。句意:直到我離開父母去
意大利,我才意識到我有多愛她們。
語法精講
——動詞的時態
1.考綱要求考查的八種基本時態;
2.主句與從句謂語動詞的時態呼應;
3.動詞touch, feel, write, sell 等主動表示被動的用法;
4.系動詞的用法;
5.延續性動詞和非延續性動詞的用法。
時態是謂語動詞所表示的動作或情況發生時的各種形式。英語一共有十六種時態,但常用的有八種。
下面對八種常用時態的主要用法作歸納、對比:
1.一般現在時
構成:動詞原形,第三人稱單數須加-s或-es。
(1)表示客觀真理、科學事實及其他沒有時限的客觀存在。
Japan lies to the east of China.
日本位于中國的東方。
(2)表示現在習慣或經常反復發生的動作或存在的狀態。常和always, often, frequently, seldom, sometimes, usually, every day/week/month…,once (twice, several times) a week/month…等狀語連用。
He seldom goes out alone.
他很少一個人外出。
(3)表示將來的行為。
①按規定或時間表預計要發生的動作,多用于arrive, go, come, meet, leave, begin, start, open, close等。
The bus leaves at 8 o’clock.
這班公交車8點鐘離開。
②在條件、時間和讓步狀語從句中。
I won’t go to see a film if he doesn’t come tomorrow.
如果他明天不來,我不去看電影。
Even if it rains tomorrow, I will go out for a picnic.
即使明天下雨,我也出去野餐。
2.現在進行時
構成:am/is/are+現在分詞
(1)表示此時此刻或現階段正在進行的動作。
Look! The children are flying the kites over there.
看!孩子們正在那邊放風箏。
We are preparing for the meeting.
我們正在準備會議。
(2)表示最近計劃或安排要進行的動作(主要用于某些表示位置轉移的瞬間動詞,如go, start, take off, leave, return, come等)。
I am coming.
我來了。
(3)與副詞always, constantly, continually, forever, all the time等連用,帶有感情色彩,表示對頻繁發生的習慣性動作的贊嘆、抱怨、生氣、批評或不耐煩等情緒。
He is always thinking of others.(贊嘆)
他總是為別人著想。
He is always asking his parents for money.(不滿)
他老是向他父母要錢。
She is constantly leaving her things about. (厭煩)
她總是丟三落四。
(4)用于正在發展中的或正在改變的情況。
Technology is developing so rapidly that having been used for only a year, my cellphone is out-of-date.
科技發展如此之快,我的手機僅用了一年就過時了。
注意:表示心理活動、情感或所有關系的動詞一般不用進行時態。
如mind, think, believe, remember, know, love, hate, like, belong, have, own等。
(1)will/shall + do
表示將來的動作或狀態,常與表示將來的時間狀語連用如:tomorrow(tomorrow evening/afternoon…)/the day after tomorrow/next week/month… 等。帶有情態的意思,常表示未事先考慮過,即說話時臨時作出的決定。
— Have you heard Jim was ill?
— Oh, sorry to hear that. I’ll see him tonight.
——你聽說吉姆生病了嗎?
——哦,聽到這個消息很難過,今晚我去看他。
(2)表示趨向行為的動詞如come , go , start , begin , leave , stay , arrive等常用一般現在時表示按計劃或安排將來要發生的動作和狀態。
The plane leaves at 6 o’clock.飛機6點起飛。
(3)“be + doing”用現在進行時表示按計劃和安排已準備就緒將要發生的事情。
When is he returning?他何時返回?
(4)be going to do表示經過事先考慮和計劃,而且已作了某種準備,打算做某事。
I’m going to visit her this weekend.
這個周末我去看望她。
注意:
①條件狀語從句表將來,主句中不能用be going to do。
If it is fine, we are going to go camping. (錯誤)
②be going to 還可根據現在的跡象,對未來進行推斷。
There are lots of dark clouds. It’s going to rain.
烏云密布,要下雨了。
(5)be to do表按計劃、安排即將發生的動作,還可表命令、禁止、可能性、注定、許諾等。
We are to meet at 8 o’clock at the gate.
我們將8點鐘在大門口會面。
You are to tell the truth to the police.
你應該跟警察說真話。
注意:對于不受人們意志控制的動作不能用be to do。
He is to be fat. (錯誤)
→He is going to be fat. (正確)
他發胖了。
(6)be (just) about to do=be on the point of doing表示“即將,就要”做的事,后面不能接時間狀語或狀語從句,但可和when, as引導的狀語從句連用。
I was about to cook when someone knocked at the door.
我正準備去燒飯這時有人敲門。
1.一般過去時
構成:動詞的過去式 (be → was/were)
( do→ did)
(1)表示過去的事情、動作或狀態,常與表示過去具體的時間狀語連用,如:yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week/month/year… , ago, once, just now, the other day, in 1949/2008… 等。
The other day I ran into an old friend in the street.
那天我在街上碰到了一個老朋友。
(2)表示過去發生的一連串的動作。
He got up, had breakfast and went to work.
他起床,吃早餐,然后去上班。
(3)It’s (high/about) time (that)+主語+動詞的過去式
It’s time you studied.
到學習的時間了。
(4)… wish( that )+主語+動詞的過去式 (對現在的希望)
I wish I were a bird . She wishes she had a big house.
我希望我是一只鳥。她希望自己有一所大房子。
(5)… would rather (that)+主語+動詞的過去式
I would rather you came today/tomorrow.
我寧愿你今天/明天來。
2.過去進行時
構成:was/were+現在分詞
(1)表示過去某一時刻或某一階段內正在進行的動作或頻繁發生的動作。
I was watching TV at 8 o’clock yesterday evening.
昨天晚上八點鐘我正在看電視。
(2)表示兩個動作同時發生。
While I was cooking, he fell asleep.
我在燒飯時,他睡著了。
構成:have/has+過去分詞
(1)表示動作發生在過去某個或某段時間,并對現在產生影響和結果,動作到現在剛完成或還在繼續。常和for, since,already, yet, recently, lately, once, twice, just, ever, never, during/in/over the last(past)few years (months, weeks),in recent years,so far, by now, up/till(to) now, of late, these days等狀語連用。
I haven’t heard from him of late.(表示最近我沒有他的消息)
最近我沒收到他的來信。
I have seen the film before. (表示我知道影片的內容)
我以前看過這部電影。
(2) 在“最高級+名詞”或“這是第幾次”之后所接的定語從句中常用現在完成時。
It/This/That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
這是我所讀過的最有趣的一本書。
It/This is the first time that I have been to Beijing.
這是我第一次來北京。
(3)在時間或條件狀語從句中,現在完成時可以代替一般將來時。
I shall post the letter as soon as I have written it.
我一寫完信就去寄了。
(4) 瞬間動詞不能與for短語連用。
He has left the city for two years.(錯誤)
He has been away from the city for two years. (正確)
他離開這個城市已經兩年了。
一般過去時與現在完成時的比較:
一般過去時所表示的事情純屬過去,與現在情況沒有任何聯系。凡有過去時間狀語的均用過去時態,不能用完成時。
如:She read the book last year. (只說明去年看了這本書這一事實,而與現在沒有關系。)
而現在完成時強調的是過去發生的事情對“現在”的影響和結果。
如:She has read the book. (說明她看過這本書,強調她知道了這本書的內容。)
構成:have/has been+現在分詞
表示一個動作開始于過去,并持續到現在,并強調現在還在進行。
I have been waiting for his letter all the morning.
整個早上我都在等他的信。
現在完成時與現在完成進行時的比較:
現在完成時強調過去發生的動作對現在的影響,強調的是現在的情況。
He has learned English for ten years. (他學英語10年了,到現在已停止學英語或者可能還在學。)
現在完成進行時強調過去發生的動作持續到現在,強調還在進行之中。
He has been learning English for ten years. (從過去某一時間開始學英語,強調到現在還在學。)
構成:had+過去分詞
(1)表示過去某一時間以前發生的動作。常與by,by the end of,by the time,until,before等狀語連用。
By the end of last term, we had learned
3,000 words.
到上學期末止,我們已學了3000個單詞。
(2)強調兩個動作都發生在過去,先發生的用過去完成時。
The train had left when I arrived at the station.
我到車站時,火車已離開了。
(3)expect, intend, mean, suppose, think和want等用于過去完成時中,表示沒有完成的意圖和計劃等。
He had expected to win the first place but the judge was just unfair.
他當時很想拿第一名,但裁判不公平。
(4)過去完成時用在would rather that 從句中(對過去的希望)
I would rather you had come last night.
我寧愿你昨晚來。
(5)It was the first/second/third…time that+主語+had done