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【人教大綱版】2024屆高考英語一輪復習精品學案:SBⅠUnits 15-16

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【人教大綱版】2024屆高考英語一輪復習精品學案:SBⅠUnits 15-16

  SBⅠUnits 15-16

  語法精講

  ——被動語態

  (1)所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態之中。如:happen, take place, come about, occur, break out, disappear, arrive, rise, lie, come into being, come true, run out, give out (筋疲力盡), hurt (疼痛)等。

  Great changes have taken place in the city.

  這座城市發生了巨大的變化。

  (2)所有的連系動詞不能用于被動語態。如:be, become, get, turn, fall, appear, seem, grow, prove, look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等。

  The soup tastes delicious.

  湯味道很好。

  The method proves practical.

  這個辦法證明是可行的。

  (3)表示歸屬的動詞,如have, own, belong to等。

  The house belongs to her.

  這棟房子是她的。

  (4)表示“依然”的動詞。如:remain, stay, lie, stand等。

  He remains single.

  他依然是單身。

  The table feels smooth.

  這張桌子摸起來很光滑。

  (1)當feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容詞時。

  The news sounds exciting.

  這消息聽起來振奮人心。

  注意:當feel, see, smell, taste, hear等感官動詞作行為動詞時,有被動形式。

  They are tasting the soup.他們正在喝湯。

  → The soup is being tasted (by them).

  (2)當及物動詞cut, read, sell, wear, lock, open, close, write, burn, cook, wash等作不及物動詞用,而且其后還有副詞如well, easily, hardly, nicely, smoothly等修飾時。

  These apples cook well. 這些蘋果適于烹煮。

  This metal cuts easily. 這種金屬容易切割。

  The match lights easily. 這火柴容易劃著。

  The door won’t lock. 門鎖不上。

  (3)want, require, need, deserve, (not) bear后面的動名詞用主動表示被動。

  The machine needs repairing.

  機器需要修了。

  His language won’t bear repeating.

  他的話不堪重述。

  (4)be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。

  The film is well worth seeing.

  這部影片很值得一看。

  (5)在“be+形容詞+to do”結構中,不定式作形容詞的狀語,句子的主語在邏輯上是不定式的賓語時。

  This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.

  這種水不適合飲用。

  The girl isn’t easy to get along with.

  這女孩很難相處。

  (6)少數幾個動詞作表語或定語時,如:blame(責備),let(出租),seek (尋找)。

  He was to blame for the accident.

  他因事故要受到責備。

  There are many houses to let.

  有很多房子有待出租。

  (7)當不定式作定語,句子的主語是它的邏輯主語時,不定式用主動表被動,反之用被動。

  I have a lot of articles to type.(自己打字)

  我有很多文章要打印。

  I have a lot of articles to be typed. (別人打字)

  我得去打印很多文章。

  (8)在介詞beyond, in need of 后用動名詞的主動表被動。

  His work is beyond praising.

  他的工作叫人贊不絕口。

  The teaching method is in need of improving.

  教學方法需要改進。

  在英語中,有少量的及物動詞常用其被動形式表示主動意思。如seat, dress, station(駐扎)等。

  — Can those seated at the back of the classroom hear me?

  — No problem.

  ——坐在教室后面的能聽得見嗎?

  ——沒問題。

  () 1. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ______ before leaving their hometowns. (2010·福建卷)

  A. promised

  B. were promised

  C. have promised

  D. have been promised

  D

  考查時態與語態。每年都有大批農民到深圳打工賺錢,在離開家鄉之間他們已被承諾可以獲得這些工作機會。本句中含有定語從句,修飾jobs。promise sb. sth. 答應某人某事,此處應用被動語態,并且動作發生在主句中的動作發生之前,應選D項。

  () 2. This coastal area ______ a national wildlife reserve last year.(2010·湖南卷)

  A. was named

  B. named

  C. is named

  D. names

  A

  根據主語“This coastal area”與name之間的被動關系排除B、D兩項。根據句中的last year判斷用一般過去時,故選A項。

  () 3. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.(2010·全國卷Ⅰ)

  A. is made

  B. would make

  C. was to be made

  D. had made

  C

  句意:澳大利亞金子的發現導致成千上萬人相信就要發財了。be to 將要,就要。make a fortune 發財,此處用的是被動。

  () 4. You've failed to do what you ______ to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you. (2010·四川卷)

  A. will expect

  B. will be expected

  C. expected

  D. were expected

  D

  考查語態。由語意“你沒有達到期望”可知,定語從句中用一般過去時;從句中的主語you是動詞expect的承受者,故謂語動詞用一般過去時的被動語態。() 5. — Why don't we choose that road to save time?

  — The bridge to it ______.(2009·四川卷)

  A. has repaired

  B. is repaired

  C. is being repaired

  D. will be repaired

  C

  考查時態和語態。根據語境可知不走另一條路的原因是因為橋正在被修,所以用現在進行時的被動形式。

  書面表達:應用文寫作技巧(五)歡迎辭【要點概述】

  歡迎辭是在現代社會生活的交際活動中,在特定的場合對于客人的到來表示熱烈歡迎時所使用的一種專用文書。

  1. 歡迎辭一般分為三個部分:稱呼語,正文,結束語。最常用的稱呼語是 Ladies and gentlemen,如果在場的有比較重要的客人,也可專門給予稱呼,如:Mr President, ladies and gentlemen。在學校中對同學的稱呼,可用Boys and girls。如果有教師在場,可以說Mr Li, boys and girls等等。

  2.正文是致詞的主體,是歡迎辭的核心部分。一種情況是歡迎某(幾個)人的到來,然后簡要介紹到訪者的身份、經歷和成就,最后邀請他(們)或她(們)發言。另一種情況是在某團體組織的新成立開張儀式上,如果是團體組織,則要介紹這一組織的特點,還可簡要說明一下活動安排等。

  3.從語言特征上看,英語致詞的用詞要大方得體,文辭高雅而莊重,熱情禮貌而不失分寸,既口語化而又用語規范。

  4.常用客套話:

  Dear friends,/ Ladies and gentlemen,

  Welcome to our school…

  First of all, let’s extend our warm welcome and cordial greetings to our distinguished guest(s)…

  Thank you.

  【體驗高考】

  史密斯先生是從加拿大新來的外籍教師,即將教你們班英語,為了歡迎他的到來,請你在班上用英語作個歡迎辭。

  內容要點:

  1.代表老師和全班同學熱烈歡迎史密斯教授的到來。

  2.簡單介紹史密斯先生及其豐富的教學經驗。

  3.邀請史密斯先生發言。(120詞左右)

  ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  一、要求:

  時態:歡迎辭用一般現在時。

  二、要點提示:

  1.歡迎辭基本格式,包括開頭、正文和結尾。

  2.以上要點不能遺漏。

  One possible version:

  Ladies and gentlemen, / Boys and girls,

  We feel greatly honored today to be here with Professor Smith from Canada. Now allow me on behalf of all the teachers and students of our class to extend our warm welcome and sincere greetings to our distinguished guest who has come from so far away to help us with our English studies.

  Professor Smith is an experienced language expert who has devoted himself to the teaching of English for the past 20 years. It’s certainly our class’s honor to have Professor Smith as our English teacher for the next year.

  Now let us invite Professor Smith to address us.

  【強化演練】

  你們學校新成立了英語俱樂部,作為組織者的你將在開張典禮上作歡迎辭。介紹英語俱樂部成立的重要意義及其主要作用,并希望大家通過俱樂部加強英語交流,以提高英語口語。(詞數:100左右)

  參考詞匯:代表

  on behalf of;參加者 participant;衷心的 heartfelt

  ________________________________________________________________________

  一、提示:

  1.時態:一般現在時

  2.格式:歡迎辭的開頭稱呼語、正文、結束語都要包含。二、要點提示:

  1. 歡迎參加者的到來;

  2. 介紹英語俱樂部成立的重要意義和作用;

  3. 邀請大家積極參加。

  One possible version:

  Ladies and gentlemen,

  First of all, please allow me to express the most heartfelt welcome to all of you on behalf of our English Club. We have been looking forward to seeing you for long. It is a wonderful day today.Now I would like to introduce my club to you. Our club, organizing various activities regularly and meeting the needs of participants, is well-known among many English learners. If you want to meet native English speakers, please join us. If you want to speak English not only accurately but also fluently, please join us. If you want to discover the most attractive aspects in English, please join us. I do hope that you will enjoy your journey of English study with us.

  Thank you!

  SBⅠUnits 15-16

  語法精講

  ——被動語態

  (1)所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態之中。如:happen, take place, come about, occur, break out, disappear, arrive, rise, lie, come into being, come true, run out, give out (筋疲力盡), hurt (疼痛)等。

  Great changes have taken place in the city.

  這座城市發生了巨大的變化。

  (2)所有的連系動詞不能用于被動語態。如:be, become, get, turn, fall, appear, seem, grow, prove, look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等。

  The soup tastes delicious.

  湯味道很好。

  The method proves practical.

  這個辦法證明是可行的。

  (3)表示歸屬的動詞,如have, own, belong to等。

  The house belongs to her.

  這棟房子是她的。

  (4)表示“依然”的動詞。如:remain, stay, lie, stand等。

  He remains single.

  他依然是單身。

  The table feels smooth.

  這張桌子摸起來很光滑。

  (1)當feel, look, smell, taste, sound等后面接形容詞時。

  The news sounds exciting.

  這消息聽起來振奮人心。

  注意:當feel, see, smell, taste, hear等感官動詞作行為動詞時,有被動形式。

  They are tasting the soup.他們正在喝湯。

  → The soup is being tasted (by them).

  (2)當及物動詞cut, read, sell, wear, lock, open, close, write, burn, cook, wash等作不及物動詞用,而且其后還有副詞如well, easily, hardly, nicely, smoothly等修飾時。

  These apples cook well. 這些蘋果適于烹煮。

  This metal cuts easily. 這種金屬容易切割。

  The match lights easily. 這火柴容易劃著。

  The door won’t lock. 門鎖不上。

  (3)want, require, need, deserve, (not) bear后面的動名詞用主動表示被動。

  The machine needs repairing.

  機器需要修了。

  His language won’t bear repeating.

  他的話不堪重述。

  (4)be worth doing用主動形式表示被動含義。

  The film is well worth seeing.

  這部影片很值得一看。

  (5)在“be+形容詞+to do”結構中,不定式作形容詞的狀語,句子的主語在邏輯上是不定式的賓語時。

  This kind of water isn’t fit to drink.

  這種水不適合飲用。

  The girl isn’t easy to get along with.

  這女孩很難相處。

  (6)少數幾個動詞作表語或定語時,如:blame(責備),let(出租),seek (尋找)。

  He was to blame for the accident.

  他因事故要受到責備。

  There are many houses to let.

  有很多房子有待出租。

  (7)當不定式作定語,句子的主語是它的邏輯主語時,不定式用主動表被動,反之用被動。

  I have a lot of articles to type.(自己打字)

  我有很多文章要打印。

  I have a lot of articles to be typed. (別人打字)

  我得去打印很多文章。

  (8)在介詞beyond, in need of 后用動名詞的主動表被動。

  His work is beyond praising.

  他的工作叫人贊不絕口。

  The teaching method is in need of improving.

  教學方法需要改進。

  在英語中,有少量的及物動詞常用其被動形式表示主動意思。如seat, dress, station(駐扎)等。

  — Can those seated at the back of the classroom hear me?

  — No problem.

  ——坐在教室后面的能聽得見嗎?

  ——沒問題。

  () 1. Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ______ before leaving their hometowns. (2010·福建卷)

  A. promised

  B. were promised

  C. have promised

  D. have been promised

  D

  考查時態與語態。每年都有大批農民到深圳打工賺錢,在離開家鄉之間他們已被承諾可以獲得這些工作機會。本句中含有定語從句,修飾jobs。promise sb. sth. 答應某人某事,此處應用被動語態,并且動作發生在主句中的動作發生之前,應選D項。

  () 2. This coastal area ______ a national wildlife reserve last year.(2010·湖南卷)

  A. was named

  B. named

  C. is named

  D. names

  A

  根據主語“This coastal area”與name之間的被動關系排除B、D兩項。根據句中的last year判斷用一般過去時,故選A項。

  () 3. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.(2010·全國卷Ⅰ)

  A. is made

  B. would make

  C. was to be made

  D. had made

  C

  句意:澳大利亞金子的發現導致成千上萬人相信就要發財了。be to 將要,就要。make a fortune 發財,此處用的是被動。

  () 4. You've failed to do what you ______ to and I'm afraid the teacher will blame you. (2010·四川卷)

  A. will expect

  B. will be expected

  C. expected

  D. were expected

  D

  考查語態。由語意“你沒有達到期望”可知,定語從句中用一般過去時;從句中的主語you是動詞expect的承受者,故謂語動詞用一般過去時的被動語態。() 5. — Why don't we choose that road to save time?

  — The bridge to it ______.(2009·四川卷)

  A. has repaired

  B. is repaired

  C. is being repaired

  D. will be repaired

  C

  考查時態和語態。根據語境可知不走另一條路的原因是因為橋正在被修,所以用現在進行時的被動形式。

  書面表達:應用文寫作技巧(五)歡迎辭【要點概述】

  歡迎辭是在現代社會生活的交際活動中,在特定的場合對于客人的到來表示熱烈歡迎時所使用的一種專用文書。

  1. 歡迎辭一般分為三個部分:稱呼語,正文,結束語。最常用的稱呼語是 Ladies and gentlemen,如果在場的有比較重要的客人,也可專門給予稱呼,如:Mr President, ladies and gentlemen。在學校中對同學的稱呼,可用Boys and girls。如果有教師在場,可以說Mr Li, boys and girls等等。

  2.正文是致詞的主體,是歡迎辭的核心部分。一種情況是歡迎某(幾個)人的到來,然后簡要介紹到訪者的身份、經歷和成就,最后邀請他(們)或她(們)發言。另一種情況是在某團體組織的新成立開張儀式上,如果是團體組織,則要介紹這一組織的特點,還可簡要說明一下活動安排等。

  3.從語言特征上看,英語致詞的用詞要大方得體,文辭高雅而莊重,熱情禮貌而不失分寸,既口語化而又用語規范。

  4.常用客套話:

  Dear friends,/ Ladies and gentlemen,

  Welcome to our school…

  First of all, let’s extend our warm welcome and cordial greetings to our distinguished guest(s)…

  Thank you.

  【體驗高考】

  史密斯先生是從加拿大新來的外籍教師,即將教你們班英語,為了歡迎他的到來,請你在班上用英語作個歡迎辭。

  內容要點:

  1.代表老師和全班同學熱烈歡迎史密斯教授的到來。

  2.簡單介紹史密斯先生及其豐富的教學經驗。

  3.邀請史密斯先生發言。(120詞左右)

  ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

  一、要求:

  時態:歡迎辭用一般現在時。

  二、要點提示:

  1.歡迎辭基本格式,包括開頭、正文和結尾。

  2.以上要點不能遺漏。

  One possible version:

  Ladies and gentlemen, / Boys and girls,

  We feel greatly honored today to be here with Professor Smith from Canada. Now allow me on behalf of all the teachers and students of our class to extend our warm welcome and sincere greetings to our distinguished guest who has come from so far away to help us with our English studies.

  Professor Smith is an experienced language expert who has devoted himself to the teaching of English for the past 20 years. It’s certainly our class’s honor to have Professor Smith as our English teacher for the next year.

  Now let us invite Professor Smith to address us.

  【強化演練】

  你們學校新成立了英語俱樂部,作為組織者的你將在開張典禮上作歡迎辭。介紹英語俱樂部成立的重要意義及其主要作用,并希望大家通過俱樂部加強英語交流,以提高英語口語。(詞數:100左右)

  參考詞匯:代表

  on behalf of;參加者 participant;衷心的 heartfelt

  ________________________________________________________________________

  一、提示:

  1.時態:一般現在時

  2.格式:歡迎辭的開頭稱呼語、正文、結束語都要包含。二、要點提示:

  1. 歡迎參加者的到來;

  2. 介紹英語俱樂部成立的重要意義和作用;

  3. 邀請大家積極參加。

  One possible version:

  Ladies and gentlemen,

  First of all, please allow me to express the most heartfelt welcome to all of you on behalf of our English Club. We have been looking forward to seeing you for long. It is a wonderful day today.Now I would like to introduce my club to you. Our club, organizing various activities regularly and meeting the needs of participants, is well-known among many English learners. If you want to meet native English speakers, please join us. If you want to speak English not only accurately but also fluently, please join us. If you want to discover the most attractive aspects in English, please join us. I do hope that you will enjoy your journey of English study with us.

  Thank you!

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