北京市房山區(qū)2024高考英語(yǔ)完形填空基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)（5）及答案解析

　　完形填空--------說(shuō)明文

　　(2024·安徽)If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why.Do you need it for a__41__reason, such as your job or your studies？__42__perhaps you're interested in the__43__，films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a__44__of the language.

　　Most people learn best using a variety of__45__， but traditional classes are an ideal(理想的)start for many people.They__46__an environment where you can practice under the __47__ of someone who's good at the language.We all lead __48__ lives and learning a language takes__49__.You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a__50__.It doesn't matter if you haven't got long.Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes__51__.

　　Many people start learning a language and soon give up.“I'm too__52__，” they say.Yes, children do learn languages more __53__ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any__54__.And learning is good for the health of your brain, too.I've also heard people__55__ about the mistakes they make when__56__.Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes __57__you're much less likely to make them again.

　　Learning a new language is never __58__.But with some work and devotion, you'll make progress.And you'll be __59__by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words in __60__ own language.Good luck!

　　【語(yǔ)篇解讀】 該篇文章屬于說(shuō)明文，主要進(jìn)述了學(xué)語(yǔ)言的原因。學(xué)好語(yǔ)言的方式：班級(jí)授課及經(jīng)常練習(xí)，個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的態(tài)度，即從不放棄，專心致志。

　　41．A.technical

　　B．political

　　C．practical

　　D．physical

　　解析　根據(jù)your job or your studies可知，需要學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言是出于“實(shí)際，實(shí)用”。technical“技術(shù)的”，political“政治的”，physical“身體的”。

　　答案　C

　　42．A.After

　　B．So

　　C．Though

　　D．Or

　　解析　or表示“選擇”關(guān)系，“或者”。

　　答案　D

　　43．A.literature

　　B．transport

　　C．a(chǎn)griculture

　　D．medicine

　　解析　根據(jù)film，music可知，語(yǔ)言與文學(xué)有關(guān)。

　　答案　A

　　44．A.view

　　B．knowledge

　　C．form

　　D．database

　　解析　a knowledge of“(掌握)某一方面的知識(shí)”。句意：掌握該語(yǔ)言對(duì)你的幫助有多大。

　　答案　B

　　45．A.paintings

　　B．regulations

　　C．methods

　　D．computers

　　解析　句意：使用多種多樣的學(xué)習(xí)方法，人們能學(xué)得更好，但是傳統(tǒng)的班級(jí)授課制仍對(duì)于許多初學(xué)者是最好的起點(diǎn)。根據(jù)traditional classes可知，該空應(yīng)為“學(xué)習(xí)方式(方法)”。

　　答案　C

　　46．A.protect

　　B．change

　　C．respect

　　D．provide

　　解析　句意：班級(jí)授課提供了在擅長(zhǎng)語(yǔ)言的人指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行練習(xí)的環(huán)境。protect“保護(hù)”，change“改變”，respect“尊重”，provide“提供”。

　　答案　D

　　47．A.control

　　B．command

　　C．guidance

　　D．pressure

　　解析　under the guidance of“在……指導(dǎo)下”。control“控制”，command“命令”，pressure“壓力”。

　　答案　C

　　48．A.busy

　　B．happy

　　C．simple

　　D．normal

　　解析　句意：我們?nèi)巳诉^(guò)著忙碌的生活。busy“繁忙的”，happy“幸福的”，simple“簡(jiǎn)樸的”，normal“正常的”。

　　答案　A

　　49．A.courage

　　B．time

　　C．energy

　　D．place

　　解析　learning a language takes time.學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言需要時(shí)間，從下文take years可推知。

　　答案　B

　　50．A.theory

　　B．business

　　C．routine

　　D．project

　　解析　句意：如果你能定期學(xué)習(xí)，你將會(huì)取得更大的進(jìn)步，所以你應(yīng)努力養(yǎng)成一種習(xí)慣。由regularly可推知。

　　答案　C

　　51．A.some risks

　　B．a(chǎn) lot less

　　C．some notes

　　D．a(chǎn) lot more

　　解析　句意：語(yǔ)言說(shuō)得流利會(huì)需要好幾年的時(shí)間，但勉強(qiáng)將就則會(huì)需要少得多。根據(jù)but可知。

　　答案　B

　　52．A.old

　　B．nervous

　　C．weak

　　D．tired

　　解析　根據(jù)下文可知，該空應(yīng)填入與“年齡”有關(guān)的詞。

　　答案　A

　　53．A.closely

　　B．quickly

　　C．privately

　　D．quietly

　　解析　句意：孩子學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的確要比成年人快。closely“密切地”，quickly“快速地”，privately“私人地”，quietly“靜靜地”。

　　答案　B

　　54．A.age

　　B．speed

　　C．distance

　　D．school

　　解析　句意：但是研究表明，你在任何年齡都可以學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言。age“年齡”，speed“速度”，distance“距離”，school“學(xué)?！?。

　　答案　A

　　55．A.worry

　　B．hesitate

　　C．think

　　D．quarrel

　　解析　worry about“擔(dān)心”。

　　答案　A

　　56．A.singing

　　B．working

　　C．bargaining

　　D．learning

　　解析　句意：我也聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)人們擔(dān)心他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中犯錯(cuò)。

　　答案　D

　　57．A.if

　　B．a(chǎn)nd

　　C．but

　　D．before

　　解析　句意：放松并嘲笑自己的錯(cuò)誤，你將會(huì)少犯這些錯(cuò)誤。該處考查連詞的用法。

　　答案　B

　　58．A.tiresome

　　B．hard

　　C．interesting

　　D．easy

　　解析　句意：學(xué)習(xí)一種新語(yǔ)言從不是輕松的。根據(jù)下文but可推知。

　　答案　D

　　59．A.blamed

　　B．a(chǎn)mazed

　　C．interrupted

　　D．informed

　　解析　句意：在你能用別人的語(yǔ)言說(shuō)出幾個(gè)單詞時(shí)，你將會(huì)對(duì)別人積極的回應(yīng)感到驚訝。blame“責(zé)備”，amaze“驚訝”，interrupt“打斷”，inform“告知”。

　　答案　B

　　60．A.their

　　B．his

　　C．our

　　D．your

　　解析　根據(jù)上文some people可推知。

　　答案　A

　　文體技法歸納

　　說(shuō)明文是用說(shuō)明的方式介紹人或事物、解釋事理的一種文體。說(shuō)明文體裁的完形填空的最顯著的特點(diǎn)是：

　　1．開頭點(diǎn)題

　　做說(shuō)明文體裁的完形填空時(shí)，要明確說(shuō)明的對(duì)象是什么，是具體的實(shí)物還是理論性概念。因此，明確說(shuō)明的對(duì)象是掌握說(shuō)明細(xì)節(jié)的前提。在近幾年的說(shuō)明文體裁的完形填空題中，作者一般在文章的首句直接點(diǎn)明要說(shuō)明的對(duì)象。

　　2．結(jié)構(gòu)清晰

　　把握語(yǔ)篇特征對(duì)理解文意與答題極為有利。說(shuō)明文的寫作一般按時(shí)間順序(先后順序等)，空間順序(從局部到整體，從上到下，從內(nèi)到外等)，邏輯順序(前因后果，先果后因，先主后次等)，認(rèn)知順序(由此及彼，由淺入深，由具體到抽象，由現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)等)。

　　在做說(shuō)明文體裁的完形填空時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)特別留意以下幾點(diǎn)：

　　1．通過(guò)短文首尾句抓主旨

　　通讀全文，看它是屬于說(shuō)明事物的說(shuō)明文還是說(shuō)明事理的說(shuō)明文；是單純說(shuō)明類的說(shuō)明文還是說(shuō)明加敘述類的說(shuō)明文。而尾句往往是文章的結(jié)論或點(diǎn)睛之筆，由此可知，抓住開篇啟示作用的首句和總結(jié)概括性的尾句是很必要的。

　　2．關(guān)注段落間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系

　　由于說(shuō)明文一般是針對(duì)某一個(gè)對(duì)象從不同的角度和側(cè)面加以說(shuō)明的，每一段都有側(cè)重點(diǎn)，對(duì)這些內(nèi)容要進(jìn)行概括、總結(jié)，從而找出段落之間的聯(lián)系，以便更深刻地理解文章的內(nèi)容。

　　3．根據(jù)寫作手法理解細(xì)節(jié)

　　說(shuō)明文中有些細(xì)節(jié)就是寫作手法的體現(xiàn)，而完形填空往往就是針對(duì)這些細(xì)節(jié)進(jìn)行考查的。所以，考生要學(xué)會(huì)逆向推理，從正確理解寫作手法入手來(lái)把握細(xì)節(jié)。

　　【深圳市2024高考英語(yǔ)綜合能力測(cè)試題（2）】

　　完形填空（共1 5小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

　　閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，然后從1-15各題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　Robots could soon be introduced into classrooms across the United Kingdom to help children with autism (自閉癥).The use of technology in

　　1

　　is nothing new, but Topcliffe Primary School in Birmingham is breaking new ground by helping to develop

　　2

　　for children with autism. The knee-high robots, with the appearance and qualities of a

　　3

　　, can dance to Michael Jackson's Thriller, play games and

　　4

　　Tai Chi. They are made by the French firm Aldebaran, which is working with education experts from the University of Birmingham to inspire interactive learning among

　　5

　　children. Dr Karen Guldberg, from the university’s school of education, said, "We have been

　　6

　　how technology can support pupils with autism to communicate more

　　7

　　. Pupils and teachers in the classrooms are experimenting with the robots as well as other

　　8

　　in a scientific way, and they are showing great benefits for children with autism. The robots have been

　　9

　　modeling good behavior and acting as friends of pupils."

　　Research shows that children with autism often find such technology interesting,

　　10

　　and entertaining, particularly in encouraging them to

　　11

　　and communicate with each other. Ian Lowe, the head teacher at Topcliffe Primary School, said, "The robots have been very

　　12

　　at supporting autistic children with their

　　interactive learning and communication. You can program them to teach language, play games and

　　13

　　behavior. We have even used them in assemblies. And in the future, we are looking to see if they can be used to support learning not just in

　　14

　　but at home as well."

　　The boys are so happy to talk about the robots.

　　15

　　, the fact shows that the robots are valuable in helping autistic children communicate.

　　l. A. factories

　　B. schools

　　C. shops

　　D. hospitals

　　2. A. computers

　　B. robots

　　C. systems

　　D. dogs

　　3. A. girl

　　B. doll

　　C. man

　　D. cat

　　4. A. create

　　B. invent

　　C. imitate

　　D. use

　　5. A. foolish

　　B. smart

　　C. lazy

　　D. autistic

　　6. A. reaming

　　B. developing

　　C. organizing

　　D. researching

　　7. A. politely

　　B. happily

　　C. gracefully

　　D. effectively

　　8. A. programs

　　B. technologies

　　C. tools

　　D. pets

　　9. A. successfully

　　B. tightly

　　C. partly

　　D. frequently

　　10. A. boring

　　B. tiring

　　C. pleasant

　　D. ridiculous

　　11. A. interact

　　B. fight

　　C. compete

　　D. love

　　12. A. stupid

　　B. intelligent

　　C. happy

　　D. confused

　　13. A. model

　　B. act

　　C. prevent

　　D. communicate

　　14. A. offices

　　B. classrooms

　　C. restrooms

　　D. museums

　　15. A. Luckily

　　B. Seriously

　　C. Obviously

　　D. Regularly

　　【參考答案】1-5 BBCCD

　　6-10 DDBAC

　　11-15 ABABC

　　完形填空

　　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。講述的是機(jī)器人被引進(jìn)學(xué)校，幫助自閉癥孩子提升交流能力。

　　1. B。答案重現(xiàn)，根據(jù)后面的Topcliffe Primary School可知，應(yīng)選 B。

　　2. B。根據(jù)文章第一句Robots could soon be introduced into classrooms across the United Kingdom to help children with autism (自閉癥)可知答案為B。

　　3. C。根據(jù)邏輯推理...can dance to Michael Jackson’s Thriller, play games可知是“人的特質(zhì)”，因此應(yīng)選C。

　　4. C。根據(jù)句意排除法，機(jī)器人只能“模仿”太極,其他選項(xiàng)均不符合句意。

　　5. D。根據(jù)邏輯推理，前文講的是自閉癥孩子，而autistic 是自閉癥(autism)的形容詞，因此應(yīng)選D。

　　6. D。根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)是觀察研究這種技術(shù)如何幫助孩子，而選項(xiàng)只有D符合該意思。

　　7. D。根據(jù)邏輯推理和上下文可知自閉癥孩子交流有問(wèn)題，所以該技術(shù)可使孩子的交流更加有效順利, effectively意為“高效的”，因此應(yīng)選D。

　　8. B。根據(jù)前文as well as other...，可知此處應(yīng)與robots 同類，都是技術(shù)，因此應(yīng)選B。program意為“節(jié)目，程序”，technology 意為“技術(shù)”，tool意為“工具”，pet 意為“寵物”。

　　9. A。根據(jù)上下文，機(jī)器人已經(jīng)“成功地”模仿了一些好的行為并且扮演了孩子們的好朋友的角色。

　　10. C。此處應(yīng)與interesting 和 entertaining 同性質(zhì)的詞，因此應(yīng)選C。

　　11. A。根據(jù)句意及后面的and communicate 可知,此處應(yīng)選擇與communicate同義的詞， 所以應(yīng)選A。

　　12. B。根據(jù)下文You can program them to teach language, play games可知，機(jī)器人很聰明。

　　13. A。根據(jù)前文The robots have been modeling good behavior and acting as friends of pupils可知機(jī)器人可以“模仿”人的行為，因此應(yīng)選A。

　　14. B。根據(jù)全文背景，機(jī)器人在學(xué)校中得到應(yīng)用，與之相關(guān)的場(chǎng)所應(yīng)是教室，因此應(yīng)選B。

　　15. C。根據(jù)最后一段The boys are so happy to talk about the robots這一事實(shí)“明顯”可知機(jī)器人很有價(jià)值，因此答案為C。

　　說(shuō)明文

　　(2024·課標(biāo)·全國(guó))Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all! It speaks __41__ than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more __42__ than we realize.In fact，non－verbal(非言語(yǔ))communication takes up about 50% of what we really __43__.And body language is particularly __44__ when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed，what is called body language is so __45__ a part of us that it's actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it.__46__，different societies treat the __47__ between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having __48__ contact(接觸)even with friends，and certainly not with __49__.People from Latin American countries，__50__，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，it's possible that in __51__，it may look like a Latino is __52__ a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving __53__.The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep __54__ —which the Latino will in return regard as __55__.