語法講解:時間狀語從句的用法解析及練習
狀語從句在復合句中作狀語,其位置較靈活,可以在主句之前、之后或中間(放在句首時狀語從句后面常用逗號,放在句末時狀語從句前面往往不用逗號)。根據狀語從句的含義,狀語從句主要分為時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、方式狀語從句、結果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等八種。掌握以上各種狀語從句的關鍵在于把握其相應的引導詞。以下是對時間狀語從句的基本用法進行小結,希望可以幫助到同學們有一更深的理解。
時間狀語從句的引導詞
when, before, after, as, while, till/until, since,whenever
時間狀語從句的用法
時間狀語從句的引導詞所表示的意思不盡相同,要注意把握不同的時間狀語從句的引導詞所表示的不同時間關系,以及它在具體句子中對應的對應時態、語態等問題。
1. when、as、while引導的時間狀語從句分析:
(1) when引導時間狀語從句時表示當的時候,when既可以指時間段也可指時間點,從句中既可用延續性動詞又可用非延續性動詞,且動作既可和主句的動作同時發生又可在主句的動作之前或之后發生。
注意體會如下例句:Ill call you when I get there. 我一到那里就給你打電話。// When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要風一吹,這門就吱嘎作響。// He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. 他不再試了,其實他可能下一次就成功。// When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家時,妻子在做晚飯。
如果when引導的時間狀語從句的主語與主句主語相同,而從句的謂語又是be動詞時,那么從句中的主語和be可以省略;當when引導的時間狀語從句的主語與主句主語相同時,往往還可以用when+分詞的形式替代該狀語從句。例如:When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 當你遭遇麻煩的時候去向她求助。// When I came into the room (=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 當我進入房間的時候,我發現他躺在那兒睡著了。
(2) while引導時間狀語從句時表示當的時候,它強調主句的動作與從句的動作同時持續地進行,用于這一用法時while引導的時間狀語從句和主句中的謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞,或者主句的動作發生在從句動作的進行過程中,主句中的謂語動詞通常是非延續性動詞,例如:Study while you study; play while you play. 該學習的時候就學習,該玩的時候就玩。// I met her while I was at school. 當我在學校的時候我遇見了她。
(3) as引導時間狀語從句時表示當時,一邊一邊,側重表示兩個動作同時發生(包括一個主語同時進行兩個動作),或者一種動作隨著另一種動作的變化而變化。例如:He jumps as he goes along. 他邊走邊跳。// I slipped on the ice as I ran home. 我跑回家時在冰上滑了一跤。// I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正當他下公共汽車時, 我看見了他。// As the wind rose the noise increased. 刮風的時候噪聲增大。
[考題1] I had just steeped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps.
A. while B. when C. since D. after
[答案] B
[解析] 下劃線處表示 正在這時,突然,四個選項中只有when可以表示此含義。
[考題2] He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why B. where C. when D. while
[答案] C
[解析] 下劃線處表示 正在這時,突然,四個選項中只有when可以表示此含義。
[考題3] We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
[答案] A
[解析] 題意為當我們正在湖里游泳的時候突然暴風雨開始了,表示主句的動作處于從句的動作突然發生時應采用when(while不適合用于這樣的語境),when表示當的時候受限制條件最少。
[考題4] Im going to the post office.
____ youre there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
[答案] B
[解析] 主句中get me some stamps的動作發生在時間狀語從句youre there的過程之中,因此應選while表示這一時間關系(屬于while引導時間狀語從句的兩大基本用法之一)。因此B選項是最佳選項。
注意:如果主句的動作發生于表示當時的時間狀語從句中的動作的進行過程中,從句常用進行時。例如:The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show. 女房東懷疑在她看電視時曾有人闖入屋里。// When/While/As Tom was reading, Jim was arrested. 在湯姆看書的時候,吉姆被逮捕了。
[考題5] I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
[答案] C
[解析] 根據題干句子含義,事故發生于當我沿街行駛、尋找停車之處的時候;從句的動作發生在主句動作的過程中。主句的謂語動詞go表示非延續性的動作,可以持續進行,應選用過去進行時的形式,從句的謂語動詞為非延續性動詞,應以一般過去時的形式表結果。
2. before和after 引導的時間狀語從句分析:
before引導時間狀語從句時表示主句的動作發生在從句動作之前,after引導時間狀語從句時表示主句的動作發生在從句動作之后。例如:See me before you leave. 在你離開之前來見我。// Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. 在駕駛公共汽車之前,他們必須通過專門測驗。// I saw them after I arrived. 在我抵達之后,我見到了他們。// I found his pen after he has left. 在他走后,我找到了他的筆。
[考題6] He was told that it would be at least three more months ____ he could recover and return to work.
A. when B. before C. since D. that
[答案] B
[解析] 表示他康復并返回工作崗位之前至少還需要三個月,下劃線處應選用before。
[考題7] It was some time ____ we realized the truth.
A. when B. until C. since D. before
[答案] D
[解析] 題干意為:過了一段時間我們才意識到真相。下劃線處應填入表示在之前的連詞。
3. till和 until 引導的時間狀語從句分析:
till和 until這兩個詞作連詞和介詞時的意義和用法相同,一般可以換用(放在句首時通常用until的形式,till在口語中更為常見)。till和 until引導時間狀語從句時跟主句里肯定形式或否定形式的、表示延續性動作的謂語動詞連用表示到為止,跟主句里否定形式的、表示非延續性動作的謂語動詞連用表示直到才(開始),例如:Walk till you come to a white house. 一直走到一座白房子為止。// We didnt discuss the problem until he came back. 我們一直等到他回來后才討論問題。
[考題8] It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ weve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
[答案] A
[解析] 題干的句子可以直譯為:在我們一生中,學到某個教訓是困難的,直到我們真正經歷了這個教訓為止。
[考題9] A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity ____ he reaches the end of the story.
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
[答案] D
[解析] 講故事的人應該始終抓住聽眾的好奇心,本題應選用表示到為止(跟主句里肯定形式的表延續性動作的謂語動詞連用)的until 表示這一時間關系。
[考題10] I dont really work here; I ____ until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out
[答案] C
[解析] I dont really work here表明說話人只是臨時前來幫忙,until the new secretary arrives表明說話人,工作到新秘書就任為止,本題應選用表示到為止(跟主句里肯定形式的表延續性動作的謂語動詞連用)的until表示這一時間關系。
4. since引導的時間狀語從句分析:
since引導的時間狀語從句表示自從以來,其用法主要有兩種:
(1) 現在完成時的主句+since引導的一般過去時態的時間狀語從句。例如:He hasnt been home since he graduated. 他畢業后沒回過家。// They have been friends ever since they were in grade school. 他們從小學起就一直是好朋友。// What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你見面以后,你在做什么?
(2) It be(主句中謂語用一般式和用完成式區別不大,后者更具強調意味)+表示一段時間的詞匯+since引導的時間狀語從句。例如:It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我成為研究生已經有2年了。It was three years since we had been there. 我們在那兒已呆了三年。
注意:since做介詞時也表示自從以來,其具體用法有兩種情況:
(1) since+表示過去某個時間點的詞匯(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點)。
例如:They have been friends since childhood. 他們從幼時起一直是好朋友。Shes been skiing since childhood. 她從幼時起就開始滑雪。I have been there many times since the war. 自那次戰爭以來,我曾去該地多次。
(2) since+表示一段時間的詞匯+ago。
例如:I have been here since five months ago. 五個月以來我一直在這里。
[考題11] They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
[答案] C
[解析] 題干中的since表示自從以來,主句中的謂語動詞應該表示從他們在上海相遇至今的持續性的動作,因此下劃線處應填入可以表示持續性狀態的have been(其他選項中的made、become、turned所表示的動作都不能延續,意味著結果)。
[考題12] What was the party like?
Wonderful. Its been 2 years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. before C. when D. since
[答案] D
[解析] since表示自從以來。
狀語從句在復合句中作狀語,其位置較靈活,可以在主句之前、之后或中間(放在句首時狀語從句后面常用逗號,放在句末時狀語從句前面往往不用逗號)。根據狀語從句的含義,狀語從句主要分為時間狀語從句、地點狀語從句、原因狀語從句、目的狀語從句、方式狀語從句、結果狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句等八種。掌握以上各種狀語從句的關鍵在于把握其相應的引導詞。以下是對時間狀語從句的基本用法進行小結,希望可以幫助到同學們有一更深的理解。
時間狀語從句的引導詞
when, before, after, as, while, till/until, since,whenever
時間狀語從句的用法
時間狀語從句的引導詞所表示的意思不盡相同,要注意把握不同的時間狀語從句的引導詞所表示的不同時間關系,以及它在具體句子中對應的對應時態、語態等問題。
1. when、as、while引導的時間狀語從句分析:
(1) when引導時間狀語從句時表示當的時候,when既可以指時間段也可指時間點,從句中既可用延續性動詞又可用非延續性動詞,且動作既可和主句的動作同時發生又可在主句的動作之前或之后發生。
注意體會如下例句:Ill call you when I get there. 我一到那里就給你打電話。// When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要風一吹,這門就吱嘎作響。// He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. 他不再試了,其實他可能下一次就成功。// When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家時,妻子在做晚飯。
如果when引導的時間狀語從句的主語與主句主語相同,而從句的謂語又是be動詞時,那么從句中的主語和be可以省略;當when引導的時間狀語從句的主語與主句主語相同時,往往還可以用when+分詞的形式替代該狀語從句。例如:When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 當你遭遇麻煩的時候去向她求助。// When I came into the room (=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 當我進入房間的時候,我發現他躺在那兒睡著了。
(2) while引導時間狀語從句時表示當的時候,它強調主句的動作與從句的動作同時持續地進行,用于這一用法時while引導的時間狀語從句和主句中的謂語動詞必須是延續性動詞,或者主句的動作發生在從句動作的進行過程中,主句中的謂語動詞通常是非延續性動詞,例如:Study while you study; play while you play. 該學習的時候就學習,該玩的時候就玩。// I met her while I was at school. 當我在學校的時候我遇見了她。
(3) as引導時間狀語從句時表示當時,一邊一邊,側重表示兩個動作同時發生(包括一個主語同時進行兩個動作),或者一種動作隨著另一種動作的變化而變化。例如:He jumps as he goes along. 他邊走邊跳。// I slipped on the ice as I ran home. 我跑回家時在冰上滑了一跤。// I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正當他下公共汽車時, 我看見了他。// As the wind rose the noise increased. 刮風的時候噪聲增大。
[考題1] I had just steeped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ____ I heard the steps.
A. while B. when C. since D. after
[答案] B
[解析] 下劃線處表示 正在這時,突然,四個選項中只有when可以表示此含義。
[考題2] He was about halfway through his meal ____ a familiar voice came to his ears.
A. why B. where C. when D. while
[答案] C
[解析] 下劃線處表示 正在這時,突然,四個選項中只有when可以表示此含義。
[考題3] We were swimming in the lake ____ suddenly the storm started.
A. when B. while C. until D. before
[答案] A
[解析] 題意為當我們正在湖里游泳的時候突然暴風雨開始了,表示主句的動作處于從句的動作突然發生時應采用when(while不適合用于這樣的語境),when表示當的時候受限制條件最少。
[考題4] Im going to the post office.
____ youre there, can you get me some stamps?
A. As B. While C. Because D. If
[答案] B
[解析] 主句中get me some stamps的動作發生在時間狀語從句youre there的過程之中,因此應選while表示這一時間關系(屬于while引導時間狀語從句的兩大基本用法之一)。因此B選項是最佳選項。
注意:如果主句的動作發生于表示當時的時間狀語從句中的動作的進行過程中,從句常用進行時。例如:The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show. 女房東懷疑在她看電視時曾有人闖入屋里。// When/While/As Tom was reading, Jim was arrested. 在湯姆看書的時候,吉姆被逮捕了。
[考題5] I ____ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident ____.
A. went; was occurring B. went; occurred
C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred
[答案] C
[解析] 根據題干句子含義,事故發生于當我沿街行駛、尋找停車之處的時候;從句的動作發生在主句動作的過程中。主句的謂語動詞go表示非延續性的動作,可以持續進行,應選用過去進行時的形式,從句的謂語動詞為非延續性動詞,應以一般過去時的形式表結果。
2. before和after 引導的時間狀語從句分析:
before引導時間狀語從句時表示主句的動作發生在從句動作之前,after引導時間狀語從句時表示主句的動作發生在從句動作之后。例如:See me before you leave. 在你離開之前來見我。// Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. 在駕駛公共汽車之前,他們必須通過專門測驗。// I saw them after I arrived. 在我抵達之后,我見到了他們。// I found his pen after he has left. 在他走后,我找到了他的筆。
[考題6] He was told that it would be at least three more months ____ he could recover and return to work.
A. when B. before C. since D. that
[答案] B
[解析] 表示他康復并返回工作崗位之前至少還需要三個月,下劃線處應選用before。
[考題7] It was some time ____ we realized the truth.
A. when B. until C. since D. before
[答案] D
[解析] 題干意為:過了一段時間我們才意識到真相。下劃線處應填入表示在之前的連詞。
3. till和 until 引導的時間狀語從句分析:
till和 until這兩個詞作連詞和介詞時的意義和用法相同,一般可以換用(放在句首時通常用until的形式,till在口語中更為常見)。till和 until引導時間狀語從句時跟主句里肯定形式或否定形式的、表示延續性動作的謂語動詞連用表示到為止,跟主句里否定形式的、表示非延續性動作的謂語動詞連用表示直到才(開始),例如:Walk till you come to a white house. 一直走到一座白房子為止。// We didnt discuss the problem until he came back. 我們一直等到他回來后才討論問題。
[考題8] It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life ____ weve actually had that lesson.
A. until B. after C. since D. when
[答案] A
[解析] 題干的句子可以直譯為:在我們一生中,學到某個教訓是困難的,直到我們真正經歷了這個教訓為止。
[考題9] A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity ____ he reaches the end of the story.
A. when B. unless C. after D. until
[答案] D
[解析] 講故事的人應該始終抓住聽眾的好奇心,本題應選用表示到為止(跟主句里肯定形式的表延續性動作的謂語動詞連用)的until 表示這一時間關系。
[考題10] I dont really work here; I ____ until the new secretary arrives.
A. just help out B. have just helped out
C. am just helping out D. will just help out
[答案] C
[解析] I dont really work here表明說話人只是臨時前來幫忙,until the new secretary arrives表明說話人,工作到新秘書就任為止,本題應選用表示到為止(跟主句里肯定形式的表延續性動作的謂語動詞連用)的until表示這一時間關系。
4. since引導的時間狀語從句分析:
since引導的時間狀語從句表示自從以來,其用法主要有兩種:
(1) 現在完成時的主句+since引導的一般過去時態的時間狀語從句。例如:He hasnt been home since he graduated. 他畢業后沒回過家。// They have been friends ever since they were in grade school. 他們從小學起就一直是好朋友。// What have you been doing since I last saw you? 自我上次和你見面以后,你在做什么?
(2) It be(主句中謂語用一般式和用完成式區別不大,后者更具強調意味)+表示一段時間的詞匯+since引導的時間狀語從句。例如:It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我成為研究生已經有2年了。It was three years since we had been there. 我們在那兒已呆了三年。
注意:since做介詞時也表示自從以來,其具體用法有兩種情況:
(1) since+表示過去某個時間點的詞匯(如具體的年、月、日期、鐘點)。
例如:They have been friends since childhood. 他們從幼時起一直是好朋友。Shes been skiing since childhood. 她從幼時起就開始滑雪。I have been there many times since the war. 自那次戰爭以來,我曾去該地多次。
(2) since+表示一段時間的詞匯+ago。
例如:I have been here since five months ago. 五個月以來我一直在這里。
[考題11] They ____ friends since they met in Shanghai.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
[答案] C
[解析] 題干中的since表示自從以來,主句中的謂語動詞應該表示從他們在上海相遇至今的持續性的動作,因此下劃線處應填入可以表示持續性狀態的have been(其他選項中的made、become、turned所表示的動作都不能延續,意味著結果)。
[考題12] What was the party like?
Wonderful. Its been 2 years ____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. before C. when D. since
[答案] D
[解析] since表示自從以來。